Transcript Emerging Technologies

© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights
© 2003,
reserved.
Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
FWL 1.0—12-1
1
Module 12
Emerging Technologies
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Overview
This module will cover new and emerging
wireless technologies, both fixed and mobile.
For example, ultra wideband technologies will
enable users to enjoy a wide range of
applications, which utilize high data-transfer
rates. Next, the module will discuss Voice over
IP (VoIP) and WAP and the advances it offers to
consumers. Finally, the module will discuss the
various wireless industry organizations and
certifications and provide several case studies
of wireless implementations.
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Learning Objectives
•Identify basic facts about Ultra-wideband
wireless
•Understand basic VoIP technology and
terminology
•Understand basic mobile wireless systems
•Identify the primary wireless organizations
•Identify the primary wireless certifications
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Key terms
• UWB
• VoIP
• MGCP
• H323
• SIP
• QoS
• WAP
• OMA
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Ultra-wideband Wireless
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UWB Definition
The first UWB systems should be able to deliver
bandwidth in the 40 to 60 Mbps range, with
expectations of very high data transmission speeds,
from 100 to 500 Mbps, across distances of 5 to 10 m
(16.4 to 32.8 ft). Eventually, UWB could even hit data
speeds in the 1-Gbps range, and reach distances of
up to 2 km (1.2 miles).
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UWB Frequency Allocation
UWB radio spectrum is from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. This applies to
UWB communications applications with full incidental
radiation power. Outside the 3.1 to 10.6 GHz band, signals
must be attenuated by 12 decibels (dB), with 34 dB of
attenuation required in areas near the GPS-frequency
bands.
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UWB Power Levels
Unlike traditional communications systems, UWB wireless
occupies a broad span of frequencies at very low power levels,
often below the noise floor of the existing signaling environment.
This low-power output also means that UWB range is sharply
restricted to distances of 100 m (328 ft) or less, and sometimes as
little as 10 m (32.8 ft).
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VoIP and Voice over WLANs
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VoIP Overview
Voice traffic and services is expected to become one of the
next major application areas to take full advantage of IP. This
expectation is based on the impact of VoIP technologies,
which are sometimes referred to as IP telephony
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Call Signaling and Control
There are four different standardized signaling and call-control
protocols used for VoIP:
•H.323
•Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP)
•Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)
•H.248/Megaco
Cisco IP Telephony utilizes Skinny for call control, but is
moving towards SIP.
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H.323
H.323 is an International Telecommunications
Union-Telecommunications (ITU-T) standard that
defines a packet-based multimedia
communications system. H.323 defines a
distributed architecture for transporting
multimedia applications over LANs. Because of its
early availability and its evolution to address the
needs of VoIP, H.323 is currently the most widely
used VoIP signaling and call-control protocol.
International and domestic carriers rely on H.323
to handle billions of minutes of use each year
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SIP
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a protocol
developed by the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF) as a simpler alternative to H.323. Like H.323,
SIP defines a distributed architecture. Unlike
H.323, SIP only defines how sessions are to be set
up and torn down. It utilizes other IETF protocols
to define other aspects of VoIP and multimedia
sessions.
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MGCP and H.248
Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP), also
known as IETF RFC 2705, defines a centralized
architecture for creating multimedia network
applications, including VoIP. H.248 is the result of a
joint collaboration between the ITU-T and the
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). H.248 is
also referred to as IETF RFC 2885 and as the
Multimedia Gateway Control Protocol (Megaco).
H.248 also defines a centralized architecture for
creating multimedia applications. In many ways,
H.248 builds on and extends MGCP.
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802.11e
802.11e is an emerging wireless standard that will bring
QoS capabilities to 802.11 WLANs to enable reliable
voice conversations. The IEEE 802.11e standard is a
MAC level enhancement that works with 802.11b and
802.11a physical layers, as well as the upcoming
802.11g physical layer.
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Mobile Wireless
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Mobile Technology Evolution
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Mobile Wireless Cellular Topology
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WAP Middleware
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Cisco CTE 1400 Series Content
Transformation Engine
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WAP and IP Comparison
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Open Mobile Alliance (OMA)
There is a 3G-reference
architecture, promoted by
Cisco and partners, which is
based on open interfaces.
The architecture was
previously supported
through the Mobile Wireless
Internet Forum (MWIF),
which ceased operation at
the end of 2002. The Open
Mobile Alliance (OMA) is
now continuing the technical
work of the forum
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Wireless Hot spots
Another important trend for
the future of wireless
products is hot spots. A hot
spot is a location where a
WLAN is publicly accessible.
Airport lounges, airlines,
hotel lobbies, book stores,
restaurants, and coffee shops
are several examples of hot
spots. This trend will
facilitate the integration of
WLANs and the mobile WAN.
http://www.m-travel.com
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Hot spot trend
On the Road solution can extend network access and
help mobile professionals become more productive on
the road, while improving customer service and
maximizing the value of company network resources.
For more convenient, real-time connectivity, airports,
airplanes, hotels, convention centers, and coffee shops
across the country have increasingly deployed
wireless LAN hotspots. In fact, there are more than
3,500 wireless LAN hotspots in the United States today,
and according to the Gartner Group, this figure will
grow to more than 21,000 worldwide by the end of
2004. Gartner also estimates that there are currently 3.9
million global users of hotspots, and that this figure
will increase to 63.8 million users by 2007.
This means wireless designers, installers, and
administrators will be in demand.
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Wireless Communities
There are groups around the world
which are developing wireless
communities. The concept uses
WLAN technology to create a free,
locally owned wireless backbone
which bypasses service providers.
http://www.toaster.net/wireless/co
mmunity.html
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Portland
Personal
Telco
Project
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“HackSpots”
There is a big need for wireless security. There are many open
networks, home and business, which create “hot spots” for
attackers. A “hack spot” is an unintentional open wireless
network which is publicly accessible.
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Wireless Organizations and
Certification
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Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) Alliance
The Wi-Fi Alliance is a non-profit international association
formed in 1999. Wi-Fi was formed to certify interoperability
of WLAN products based on the IEEE 802.11 specification.
The Wi-Fi Alliance currently has 202 member companies
from around the world. Over 580 products have received
Wi-Fi certification since certification began in March of
2000. The goal of the Wi-Fi Alliance is to enhance the user
experience through product interoperability. To ensure
interoperability among brands, the Wi-Fi Alliance works
with technical-standards groups like the IEEE and with
companies that are developing future generations of
wireless networking gear.
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WLAN Association (WLANA)
The WLANA is a non-profit educational trade
association. WLANA members include the
leaders and technology innovators in the localarea wireless technology industry. Through the
vast knowledge and experience of members,
WLANA provides information about WLAN
applications, issues, trends, and upcoming
industry events
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Federal Communications Commission
(FCC)
The FCC is an independent U.S. government
agency under the U.S. Congress. The U.S. FCC
was established by the Communications Act of
1934 and is responsible for regulating interstate
and international communications by radio,
television, wire, satellite, and cable
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European Telecommunications
Standardization Organization (ETSI)
ETSI is a not-for-profit organization whose mission
is to produce the telecommunications standards
that will be used throughout Europe and beyond.
Based in France, it has 912 members from 54
different countries, which extend beyond Europe.
ETSI represents administrations, network
operators, manufacturers, service providers,
research bodies, and users.
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Underwriters Laboratories Inc. (UL)
The UL is an independent, not-for-profit
product safety testing and certification
organization with customers in 99 different
countries. There are 175 UL inspection
centers, which are located in 65 countries.
Since being founded in 1894, UL has held
the undisputed reputation as a leader in
product-safety testing and certification
within the United States. UL is one of the
most recognized and reputable conformity
assessment providers in the entire world.
The services provided by UL include
helping companies achieve global
acceptance for electrical devices,
programmable systems, and their quality
assurance.
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Cisco Qualified Specialist
Cisco Systems offers a
wide range of career
certifications,
including two in the
area of WLANs. The
two WLAN
certifications are the
Cisco Wireless LAN
Support Specialist
(CWLSS) and the
Cisco Wireless LAN
Design Specialist
(CWLDS).
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Certified Wireless Network Professional™
(CWNP™)
The Certified Wireless
Network Professional™
(CWNP™) program is the IT
industry standard for vendorneutral WLAN training and
certification. The CWNP
program consists of four
levels of training and
certification
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University Degree Programs
http://www.eng.auburn.edu/center/wireless/main/index.htm
http://www.poly.edu/news/mastersinwireless.cfm
http://nemes.colorado.edu/microwave/
http://www.signal.uu.se
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Summary
• Identify basic facts about Ultra-wideband
wireless
• Understand basic VoIP technology and
terminology
• Understand basic mobile wireless systems
• Identify the primary wireless organizations
• Identify the primary wireless certifications
© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
FWL 1.0—12-37
© 2003, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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