Transcript A View Over The Networking Components

A media connection
2 network adapters
2 computers
Layer
Name
Function
7
Application
Responsible for program-to-program communication.
6
Presentation
Manages data representation, such as data format,
data compression, protocol conversion, and
encryption.
5
Session
Responsible for establishing and maintaining
communications channels.
4
Transport
Responsible for end-to-end integrity of data
transmission.
3
Network
Routes data from one node to another.
2
Data Link
Responsible for physically passing data from one
node to another.
1
Physical
Manages putting data onto the network media and
taking the data off.
Network cables and connectors vary by:
The gauge of the wires used in the cable.
 The number of wires used in the cable.
 The relationship of the wires to each other and the
rest of the cable construction.
 Whether shielding is used in the cable to prevent or
limit interference.
 The connectors used on the cable.
 The maximum length a cable segment can be.
 The cost of the cable.

EIA/TIA
568A (preferred)
RJ-45
1 W/Green
2 Green
3 W/Orange
4 Blue
5 W/Blue
6 Orange
7 W/Brown
8 Brown
P3
P1
P4
P2
EIA/TIA
568B (same as
AT&T 258A)
RJ-45
1 W/Orange
2 Orange
3 W/Green
4 Blue
5 W/Blue
6 Green
7 W/Brown
8 Brown
P3
P1
P4
P2
USOC
(doesn’t work
for data)
RJ-45
1 W/Brown
2 Green
3 W/Orange
4 Blue
5 W/Blue
6 Orange
7 W/Green
8 Brown
P1 P2 P3 P4
Barrel
BNC
T
Twisted pair
AUI
BNC
Glass cladding
Glass core
Secondary buffer to 900 micron
Primary buffer
Connector
Type
Description
ST
A slotted bayonet type and spring loaded connector similar to a BNC connector.
SC
A push/pull type connector with a locking tab.
FC
A slotted screw-on type connector featuring a position locatable notch and a threaded
receptacle.
SMA
A screw-on type connector with a threaded cap and housing.
FDDI
A push/pull type, two-channel snap-fit connector used for multi-mode fiber optic cable.
Mini-BNC
A bayonet style connector using the traditional BNC connection method.
Biconic
A screw-on type connector with a tapered sleeve that is fixed to the fiber optic cable.
MT-RJ
A new RJ-style housing fiber connector with two fiber capability for both single- and
multi-modes.
Plenum cable is run:
 Between structural ceiling
and suspended ceiling.
 Under a raised floor.
Hub
T
T
Bus (backbone)
T
= Terminating device
Star
Bus
T
T
Ring
• Sharing printers
• Sharing storage
• Network security features
Printing
Peer
Peer
Printing
Server tower
Servers provide
clients with access to:
•
•
•
•
Shared printers
Network storage
Network security features
Other network resources
Storage
Communications
Client
Client
Shared departmental printer
Shared disk
Shared CD-ROM
Shared network
printer
Windows
2000 Server
Windows 98
Windows 98
Windows 2000
Professional
Host
(Primary device)
Communication
Terminals
channel
(Secondary devices)
Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
 Microsoft’s
Windows Server 2003
 Novell’s NetWare
 LINUX UNIX
 LAN server
 LANtastic
 Apple Computer’s Macintosh OSX
 Windows
 Apple
Macintosh Operating System
 LINUX UNIX




TCP/IP
IPX/SPX
NetBEUI
AppleTalk
200
192.168.200.200
Network address
Computer address
IP Address = 192.168.200
192.168.200.200
Subnet Mask = 255.255.255
255.255.255.0
The network address is 192.168.200
Address Type
Description
Private
Blocks of network addresses reserved by the IANA for addressing those
computers not on the Internet.
Public
IP addresses for each host on your network obtained from an Internet service
provider or IANA.
Subnetting enables you to subdivide your IP network
address by borrowing part of your network’s host address
to identify subnet addresses.
Method
Description
DHCP Server
A server that a network administrator configures with a pool of IP addresses
to assign clients.
APIPA
A service that automatically configures a computer with an IP address on the
169.254.0.0 network.
 Domain
Name System (DNS)
 Windows Internet Naming System (WINS)
Standard
System
IEEE 802.1
High-Level Interface – standards related to network management.
IEEE 802.2
Logical Link Control – general standard for the Data Link layer in the
OSI reference model.
IEEE 802.3
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detect (CSMA/CD) –
defines the MAC layer for bus networks that use CSMA/CD.
IEEE 802.4
Token Bus – defines the MAC layer for bus networks that use a tokenpassing mechanism.
IEEE 802.5
Token Ring – defines the MAC layer for Token Ring networks.
IEEE 802.6
Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)
IEEE 802.7
Broadband LANs
IEEE 802.8
Fiber-Optic LANs
IEEE 802.9
Integrated Data and Voice Networks
Standard
System
IEEE 802.10
Security
IEEE 802.11
Wireless LANs
IEEE 802.12
Demand Priority Access – 100 VG – Any LAN
IEEE 802.13
Not used
IEEE 802.14
Cable TV – broadband MANs
IEEE 802.15
Wireless Personal Area Networks (PANs)
IEEE 802.16
Broadband Wireless Access
IEEE 802.17
Resilient Packet Ring
IEEE 802.18
Radio-Based LANs and MANs
IEEE 802.19
Virtual LANs (VLANs)
(Hmmm...the channel seems to be free,
(Hmmm...the channel seems to be free, so...)
I’m ready to broadcast (Whoops!)
so...)
(I’ll wait...)
I’m ready to broadcast (Whoops!)
(Hmmm...the channel seems to be free, so...)
(I’ll wait...)
I’m ready to broadcast
(Hmmm...the channel is busy, so I’ll wait)
My message: Hi, node 1!
T
T
I have the
token...
I have the token.
I have the token.
My message: “Hi node 3.”
I don’t have anything to say.
Here’s the token, node 2.
Here’s the token, node 5.
5
1
4
I have the token.
I don’t have anything to say.
Here’s the token, node 3.
2
3
I have the token.
My message: “Hi node 1.”
Here’s the token, node 4.
Attached Resource Computer Network (ARCNet) is a
network developed by the DataPoint Corporation in 1968
and is one of the oldest, simplest, and least expensive LAN
technologies.
AppleTalk is a Local Area Network protocol developed by
Apple Computer, Inc. in 1985 and is built into all Macintosh
computers and Apple LaserWriters.
Connection Type
Description
LAN
Uses network hardware, a router, and the TCP/IP protocol to establish a
connection between a client and the Internet.
DSL
Uses standard copper phone wires and a transceiver. It carries voice and data
traffic simultaneously over standard phone lines.
Cable
Uses the cable television line running through most neighborhoods. A splitter is
installed on the cable line running into the house to split the TV channel traffic
from the data traffic.
ISDN
Uses a single wire or fiber optic line to carry voice, data, and video signals.
Dial-up
Uses an analog modem connected to a serial port on your computer and
connects to the analog phone line.
Satellite
Requires a satellite dish at your location as well as a service contract with a
company that provides access to a satellite in geosynchronous orbit.
Wireless
Uses an antenna on a tower that broadcasts Internet signals.
RJ-45 cable
Router
Computer with
network card
RJ-45 cable
Cable modem
RJ-45 cable
Cable into house
RG59 cable into
cable modem
ISP
Computer with
network card
Client
T3
T1
T3 Internet
backbone
ISP
T1 line to Big Co
Headquarters
Win XP
Server
Win XP
Server
PDN
Router
Dedicated
56 K digital
connection
Clients
Dial-up
Clients
Client
Big Co employees working from
home - not using a LAN-based
Internet connection.
Phone company
central office
Subscriber within
5.5 km radius of
phone company
can get DSL
 Internet
connection through a cable modem.
 A splitter is installed to split the TV channel
traffic from the data traffic.
 A cable modem connects via an RG-59
coaxial cable.
 An RJ-45 cable connects from the cable
modem to the network card.
 Uses
a single wire or fiber-optic line to carry
voice, data, and video signals.
 Uses existing phone company switches and
wiring.
 Basic Rate Interface (BRI) is most commonly
used in residential ISDN connections.
 Primary Rate Interface (PRI) is most commonly
used between a Private Branch Exchange (PBX)
at the customer’s site and the phone company
central office.
 In Europe, the BRI is the same, but the PRI is
composed of 30 B channels and one D channel.
 Usually
the least expensive method available.
 Uses an analog modem connected to a serial
port on your computer and connects to the
analog phone line.
 It is limited to 56 Kbps.
Network
operations center
satellite antenna
Satellite dish antenna
Cable
PC
Satellite
modem
Data sent to requested
Web servers
Device
Description
Hub
An electronic device that connects several computers or networks.
Bridge
Controls the flow of information between LAN segments or networks, even if they
are different types of networks using different communication protocols.
Router
Determines the best path for a data packet to be sent from one network to
another.
Brouter
A communications device that functions as both a bridge and a router, depending
on which function is needed.
Gateway
A protocol converter that supports communication between network that use
different protocols.
CSU/DSU
Readies digital signals and guarantees that they have sufficient strength and the
proper format to be transmitted over digital WAN links.
Firewall
Controls access between networks – both inbound traffic and outbound traffic.
All-in-one
Combines software and hardware capabilities of several network connection
devices into one physical box.
Weakened signal
Repeater
Regenerated signal
Segment 1 on
network address: 1234
Data
Data Link layer
Physical layer
Data
Segment 3 on
network address: 1234
Segment 2 on
network address: 1234
A router determines the best path for the data packet to be
sent from one network to another.
A brouter is a communication device that functions as both a
bridge and a router, depending on which function is needed.
Gateway Type
Connects Networks that Use Different
Protocol
Protocols
Format
Encoding schemes (for example, ASCII and EBCDIC)
Address
File systems and directory structures
Firewalls control access between networks—both inbound
traffic (entering your network) and outbound traffic (leaving
your network).