Transcript ITU-T and Smart Grid

ITU-T Tutorial and Presentations
2 July 2012
ITU-T and Smart Grid
Dr. Stefano Galli
Rapporteur ITU-T Q4c/15 – Comms for Smart Grid
Co-convenor of JCA on Smart Grid and Home Networking
Outline
Introduction to ITU
ITU and Smart Grid
ITU’s family of PLC recommendations
ITU cooperation with other SDOs
2
Introduction to ITU
Founded in 1865, oldest specialized UN agency
ITU = ITU-T + ITU-R + ITU-D
ITU-T: develops ICT standards
ITU-R: manages radio spectrum & satellite orbits
ITU-D: promotes ICT development
Common Patent Policy among ITU/ISO/IEC
Basis for the international telecommunications
networks, over 3000 standards (Recommendations)
Increasingly extending to all aspects of ICTs
Strategic objectives (2012-2015):
Coordination and international cooperation
Production of global standards
Bridging the standardization gap
Dissemination of information
3
Efficient Working Methods
New work items can be agreed and started at any
time, no complex procedures are necessary
Work areas (Questions) in each Study Groups are up and running
Fast in developing standards
From weeks to 2-3 years
Recommendations can be approved very fast
Average: 9.5 weeks
Very fast in publishing standards
Couple of weeks for pre-published web version after approval
A few months for edited version
4
Introduction to ITU
ITU and Smart Grid
ITU’s family of PLC recommendations
ITU cooperation with other SDOs
5
Role of ICT in Smart Grid
The fundamental challenge in power grids is to ensure the
balance of generation and demand
The fundamental challenge in the Smart Grid is to ensure
balance of generation and demand when integrating all those
new technologies that are aimed at addressing in a sustainable
manner energy independence and modernization of the aging
power grid:
Utility scale Renewable Energy Sources (RES) feeding into the
transmission system
Distributed Energy Resources (DER) feeding into the distribution
system
Plug-in (Hybrid) Electric Vehicles (PHEV)
Demand Side Management (DSM)
Consumer participation
Storage to compensate for the time varying nature of some
renewables
6
Role of ICT in Smart Grid
•
•
Supporting the above technologies and applications, requires the
availability of a modern, flexible, and scalable communications
network that ties monitoring and control together
The true “key” enabler for the Smart Grid is the availability of a
pervasive two-way data communication network across the
whole grid, from generation to load
Smart grid services
& applications
Security control
and management
Information Communication
Infrastructure
Intelligent grid
management
Advance metering
infrastructure
Home automation
(appliances, PEV, etc.)
7
Related work in ITU-T
Items
SG15
SG16
SGs and aspects
Service Layer use cases, requirements, APIs and
protocols for healthcare and other application
Q3/13 USN, MOC
Q12/13 Ubiquitous networking (object to object
communication)
Q1/15 IP home network
Q25/16 USN applications and services
SG15
Q4c/15 PHY/DLL aspects of smart metering
FG M2M
(1) M2M
(2) Smart
metering
(3) Vehicle
communication
SG13
SG16
Collaboration on ITS Communication Standards
http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/extcoop/cits/
Q12/13 networked vehicle
Q27/16 Vehicle gateway platform for
telecommunication/ITS services /applications
Q12/13 Next generation home network
Q1 and Q2/15 IP home network and access network QoS
Q4a/15 Broadband in-premises networking
Q4b/15: Home networking related Smart Grid
communications
Q21/16 home network services
SG13
Q21/13 Future network
SG15
Q4c/15 Communications for Smart Grid
CITS
SG13
SG16
SG13
(4) Access and
Home networking
(5) Energy saving
network
(6) Smart Grid
SG15
8
Focus Group on Smart Grid
When?
Established in Feb. 2010, concluded in Dec. 2011
Management Team
Title
Chairman
Vice Chairman
Vice Chairman
Vice Chairman
Vice Chairman
TSB Secretariat
TSB Assistant
Name
Mr Les Brown (Lantiq, Germany)
Ms Li Haihua (MIIT, China)
Mr Hyungsoo Kim (Korea Telecom, Korea)
Mr Yoshito Sakurai (Hitachi, Japan)
Mr David Su (NIST, USA)
Mr Hiroshi Ota
Ms Emmanuelle Labare
9
FGSmart - Scope
Scope:
Identify impacts on standards development
Investigate ITU-T study items
Familiarize ITU-T with emerging attributes of Smart Grid
Encourage collaboration between ITU-T membership and
utilities/Smart Grid community
Objective:
Collect and document information and concepts that
would be helpful for developing Recommendations to
support Smart Grid from an ICT perspective
Web site:
http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/smart/
10
FGSmart - Tasks
Tasks assigned to the Focus Group to meet this
objective include:
update living list of standards bodies, forums, and consortia
dealing with smart grid
identify use cases of smart grid that can be used to derive
communication network requirements
analyze communication networking requirement functions and
capabilities to support smart grid
provide terminology/taxonomy necessary to support Smart Grid
suggest future ITU-T study items and related actions
The complete terms of reference can be found at:
http://www.itu.int/en/ITUT/focusgroups/smart/Pages/tor.aspx
11
FGSmart - Output
Concluded in 12/2011, FGSmart produced
five documents:
Use Cases for Smart Grid
Requirements of communication for Smart Grid
Smart Grid Architecture
Smart Grid Overview
Terminology
Documents are available at
http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/focusgroups/smart/
12
Joint Coordination Activity on
Smart Grid and Home Networking
(JCA-SG&HN)
Successor mechanism after the FG on Smart Grid
Created in January 2012
The scope is the coordination of standardization
work concerning all network aspects of Smart Grid
and Home Networking
Details available at:
http://www.itu.int/en/ITU-T/jca/SGHN/Pages/default.aspx
Title
Name
Convener
Mr Richard Stuart (Lantiq, Germany)
Co-convener
Mr Les Brown (Lantiq, Germany)
Co-convener
Mr Stefano Galli (ASSIA, USA)
ITU Secretariat
Mr Hiroshi Ota
ITU Assistant
Ms Emmanuelle Labare
13
New Q4c/15 Rapporteur Group
Officially formed in January 2012, but
work initiated earlier in Q4
Scope:
Physical layer, data link layer, network layer,
and transport layer communications protocols
in support of smart grid applications
Communications architecture in support of
Smart Grid applications
Communications requirements in support of
Smart Grid applications
Current projects:
NB-PLC, PHY and DLL
Short range wireless
14
Introduction to ITU
ITU and Smart Grid
ITU’s family of PLC recommendations
ITU cooperation with other SDOs
15
ITU-T family of PLC Recommendations
Highest
performance
G.9960/61
(G.hn)
2-100 MHz
G.9960/61:
Multiple media, bit rates of hundreds
Mb/s to 1Gb/s; MIMO for PLC; BB
networking & entertainment
G.9960/61 LCP:
Reduced bit rate (5-20 Mb/s),
complexity, and power consumption
G.9960/61
(G.hn LCP)
2-25 MHz
G.9955/56
(G.hnem)
9-490 kHz
G.9955/56 - NB PLC family:
Bit rates up to 1 Mb/s, high
robustness; low complexity and
power consumption
Lowest
cost
16
NB-PLC Recommendations
•
ITU has given final approval to a family of next generation
OFDM-based NB-PLC international standards:
o
o
Rec. G.9955 (PHY) approved in 12/2011
Rec. G.9956 (DLL) approved in 11/2011
•
Low complexity OFDM-based NB-PLC technology optimized
for Smart Grid and home automation, addresses both access
(low/medium voltage distribution lines) and in-home
applications at frequencies below 500 kHz
•
G.9955 and G.9956 contain the specifications of three
separate and self-contained NB-PLC standards:
1.
2.
3.
G.hnem: a new NB-PLC technology developed by ITU-T in cooperation
with members of the G3-PLC and PRIME Alliances;
G3-PLC: an established and field-proven NB-PLC technology contributed
by members of the G3-PLC Alliance
PRIME: an established and field-proven NB-PLC technology contributed
by members of the PRIME Alliance
See also ITU Press Release, Dec. 2011
http://www.itu.int/net/pressoffice/press_releases/2011/C
17
M16.aspx
G.hn suite of BB-PLC Recs
Best-in-class home networking performance (up to
1 Gbps) supporting all types of inside wiring:
Powerline, Coax, Phoneline, CAT 5
Best-in-class ElectroMagnetic Compatibility (EMC)
control tools (in cooperation with ITU-R experts)
PSD limit and shaping, fixed & dynamic frequency notching
Necessary tools to meet the ucoming CENELEC prEN
50561-1 requirements
Dynamic power control minimizes transmitted power
G.hn Recommendations:
G.9960
G.9961
G.9962
G.9963
G.9964
G.9972
Physical layer (support of relay nodes)
Data link layer (supports full QoS and multicast)
HN management (including BBF TR69 support)
MIMO (advanced performance)
HN power spectrum limits for EMC
coexistence with other broadband PLC systems 18
G.9972 – BB-PLC coexistence 1/3
•
An in-home PLC network is not contained within the home
•
•
•
Problem is worsened by:
•
•
•
•
•
PLC signals in neighboring apartments will interfere with each other
The meter is not a gate, in many cases offers only a few dB of signal
attenuation so that also in-home and utility PLC networks will interfere
An increase in residence density, rural areas are less affected
Cross-cable coupling in multiple dwelling units
Penetration of PLC technology
Usage of PLC spectrum is not regulated so that any PLC technology can
use channel resources without having any legal obligation to protect
other PLC technology from interference
The issue of mutual interference can hinder the success of PLC
because of the availability of multiple non-interoperable PLC
standards and a plethora of non-interoperable proprietary ones:
19
•
Standards: IEEE 1901-FFT, IEEE 1901-Wavelet, G.996x (G.hn), IECISO/IEC 12139-1
•
Proprietary: HomePlug AV/Extended, HomePlug Green PHY, Panasonic
HD-PLC, UPA Powermax, Gigle MediaXtreme, etc.
G.9972 – BB-PLC coexistence 2/3
•
•
The solution to interference between non-interoperable PLC
technologies is “coexistence” (CX), a resource sharing protocol
that allows PLC technologies to share the medium
The Inter-System Protocol (ISP) is a BB-PLC CX scheme that
allows CX of up to four simultaneously present technologies
•
•
•
•
Included in the IEEE 1901 PHY/MAC standard
Standardized as a stand-alone recommendation in ITU-T G.9972
Compliance with G.9972 implies compliance with ISP in IEEE 1901
The ISP CX scheme in G.9972 can be used to ensure that:
•
•
•
in-home, access, and Smart Grid SDO-based broadband PLC will
coexist – it currently supports CX between IEEE 1901-FFT, IEEE
1901-Wavelet, and G.hn and can be modified to include also IECISO/IEC 12139-1
the operation of Smart Grid and home networking devices can be
decoupled and allowed to mature at their own obsolescence rate
utilities and service providers can avoid resolving service issues
caused by interference between non-interoperable PLC devices
20
NB-PLC and BB-PLC coexistence 3/3
•
In one word, coexistence=“insurance that PLC will not stop working”
due to interference created by neighboring non-interoperable devices
•
As a response to concerns that some vendors may not implement ISP
in their products, SGIP PAP 15 made the strong recommendation to
NIST that all broadband PLC technologies must implement ISP and
also turn it on at all times
•
For the success of CX it is necessary to have the availability of an
international and stand alone standard, and G.9972 ensures this
•
Further work in PAP 15 is being done to harmonize the various NB-PLC
technologies. Three CX mechanism are specified in G.9955:
•
•
•
Frequency division (FD) CX mechanism - allows suppressing interference
from G.9955 into a particular frequency band or bands by using nonoverlapping G.9955 bandplans;
Frequency notching CX mechanism – shall be used to suppress interference
from G.9955 into a particular (relatively narrow) frequency range by
notching out one or more subcarriers;
Preamble-based CX mechanism – shall be used by G.9955 to fairly share
the medium with other types of PLC technologies operating over the same
frequency band (and utilizing this coexistence mechanism). The definition of
this coexistence mechanism is for further study.
21
Introduction to ITU
ITU and Smart Grid
ITU’s family of PLC recommendations
ITU cooperation with other SDOs
22
Smart Grid
A Driver for Convergence
The “union” between the Communications and Power
industries is still unconsummated, but it will happen
as building a new ICT infrastructure is very costly
Telecom industry and service providers have a very
important role in the smart grid
Cloud based hosted energy service providers will reach the
home also via existing broadband access technologies
Broadband access can have a role in demand side
management
Another driver for convergence is that Smart Grid
does not end at the meter but it enters the home.
Many aspects of the Smart Grid are directly related to the
availability of a home networking and consumer participation
is key in demand side management programs
This will also shape the future of the Consumer Electronics
23
industry through new energy efficiency standards
Importance of Global Standards
in Smart Grid
The power grid often crosses international or
jurisdictional boundaries, but applications
and devices must interoperate regardless of
those boundaries
The Telecom/Power/CE convergence for the
Smart Grid will drive a new echo-system of
products and this must happen under the
auspices of International SDOs
ITU-T can have a major role in facilitating the
convergence of the communications, power,
and CE worlds
Cooperation between the major International
SDOs is key to success!
24
IEC and ITU intensify cooperation
Global coordination on Smart Grid is taking place
in IEC Strategic Group 3
IEC SG 3 comprises expertise from all activities in IEC
ITU-T has full representation and participation in SG3
PC118: Smart Grid User Interface
Created in Nov. 2011
Scope: Standardization of information exchange for
demand response and connecting demand side
equipment/systems into the smart grid
ITU-T proposal for coordinating and contributing ICT
related aspects has been approved
Cooperation via ITU-T Joint Coordination Activity on
Smart Grid and Home Networking (JCA SG&HN)
Thank you!
[email protected]
26