Transcript washburn.mpls.k12.mn.us

The Digestive System
By: Georgeann Byrd
Vocabulary (Bridging)
Words
Gluten: a group of proteins found in wheat, rye,
barley, grains, etc.
Villi: the lining in the small intestine that
absorbs nutrients into the body.
Anemia: a decreased number of red blood cells.
Osteoporosis: brittle bones from lack of
calcium.
The Digestive System?
The digestive system is a
set of organs that
digest food and liquids
and absorb the
important nutrients
the body needs to stay
healthy and grow. The
digestive system is
located in the
abdomen along with
the mouth and the
esophagus.
The Major Organs
There are major organs in the digestive
system.
● The esophagus
● The stomach
● The liver
● The gallbladder
● The pancreas
● The large intestine
● The small intestine
The Major Organs
The Esophagus:
The esophagus is a
soft, muscular tube
that moves food
from the mouth to
the stomach.
The Major Organs
The Stomach:
The stomach has a
lining that’s tough
enough to hold up in
the highly acidic
environment needed
to break down food.
The Major Organs
The Liver:
The liver performs
many tasks,
including storing
energy and helping
the body get rid of
toxins.
The Major Organs
The Gallbladder:
The gallbladder is a
small pouch that
stores bile. The
gallbladder releases
bile into the
duodenum to help
digest fats in the
food you eat.
The Major Organs
The Pancreas:
The pancreas makes
hormones
(including insulin)
to regulate the blood
glucose level. It also
makes enzymes to
break down food in
the intestines.
The Major Organs
The Large and Small
Intestine:
The large intestine consists of
three parts, the cecum, the
colon (ascending, transverse,
decreasing), and the rectum.
The small intestine consists of
three parts, the duodenum, the
jejunum, and the ileum.
The small and large intestine form
one continuous tube.
The small intestine absorbs most
of the nutrients from what we
eat and drink. while the large
intestine absorbs water from
wastes, creating stool.
Fun Facts and Interesting
Information
● The liver performs more than 500 functions.
● In humans, the small intestine is about 6
meters or 20 feet long and the large intestine
is about 1.5 meters or 5 feet long.
● An adult esophagus ranges from 10 to 14
inches in length, and 1 inch in diameter.
● An adults stomach can hold approximately
1.5 liters of material.
Teen Diseases and Injuries
● Celiac Disease: Celiac Disease is a lifelong disorder of the digestive system
that makes the human body react to gluten. The gluten damages the villi in
the small intestine, making the body unable to absorb the vitamins,
minerals, and other nutrients it needs to stay healthy. This could develop
into malnutriton, anemia or osteoporosis.
● Cholera: Cholera is an infection of the intestines. People get it from
drinking water or eating food that's contaminated with a type of bacteria
called Vibrio cholerae.
● Cystic Fibrosis: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an inherited disease that causes the
body to produce mucus that's extremely thick and sticky. Because the
sticky is so thick, the mucus clogs passages in many of the body's organs
and infection sets in. CF can also affect the liver of the digestive system as
well as the sweat glands, and the reproductive organs.
Maintaining a Healthy
Digestive System
● Stay hydrated. Water in your digestive system helps dissolve fats and
soluble fiber, allowing these substances to pass through more easily.
● Skip the bad habits: Smoking and avoid excessive caffeine and
alcohol. Liquor, coffee, and cigarettes can interfere with the functioning
of your digestive system, and lead to problems like stomach ulcers and
heartburn. Excessive alcohol intake can lead to cirrhosis of the liver.
● Exercise regularly. Regular exercise helps keep foods moving through
your digestive system. And exercise can help you maintain a healthy
weight, which is good for your digestive health.
● Manage stress. Too much stress or anxiety can cause your digestive
system to go into overdrive.
Interactions with other Body
System
Nervous System: The Medulla, located inside the Brain Stem,
controls involuntary muscle movement- digestion.
The digestive system digests food and absorbs nutrients and
then become energy for the brain and and other systems.
Quiz Me!
Quiz Me! Question 1
1. What organ is NOT part of the digestive
system.
a) The liver
b) The colon
c) The sweat glands
d) The cecum
Quiz Me! Question 2
2. How many functions does the liver have?
a) 390
b) 20
c) 1
d) 500+
Quiz Me! Question 3
3. What is one of the major things that destorys
the liver?
a) Too much water
b) Too much alcohol
c) Too much food
d) Too much sleep