Transcript General Trends

Photonics Systems
Roadmap 2005-2010
June 2005
Örjan Mattsson
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Photonics Systems
Performance, bitratexdistance
Earlier primarily technology driven
Optical: 9 month
Time to Double
Storage 12 month
Silicon: 18 month
(Moore’s Law)
Year 0 Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4 Year 5
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Photonics Systems Hierarchies
Oxc
DXC
ROADM
PROTECTION
PDH
DIG MUX
SDH
ADM
D/CWDM
ASON?
ASON?
OED
NG SDH
Automatic
Switched
Opt. Ntwk
PDH 1980>
SDH 1990>
Next Gen 2000>
2010>
Point-to-Point
Networking
Datacentric
Dynamic
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General Trends
 Data becoming the dominating traffic type
 Multiservice network based on IP
 Fast expansion of broadband subscribers
 The convergence between fixed and mobile
 The open network concept
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Traffic type and yearly growth
Today doubling in capacity every 18 months, earlier 5-10 years !
But revenues per bit are falling with 50% a year
Internet +70%
Volume
Data
Non IP +30%
Voice 5%
Year
2000
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PSTN
CATV
FIBER LAN
TELEPHONY
TV
INTERNET
DSL
Internet,IP-TV
Modem
Internet, VoIP
IPTV, VoIP
TRIPLE PLAY
MultiService Network
 Multiservice network all IP based, extending Internet access to
Triple Play service
 Strong competition between different access providers/operators as
PTT (DSL), CATV (modem) and greenfielders (fiber, radio). DSL
will run into speed problems.
 PTT starts to support FTTx, Japan installs more fiber than ADSL.
Korea next generation access 100 Mb/s FTTx. Verizon invests 1020 BUSD in a coming 10-20 years period
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The Converged Multiservice Broadband Network
Triple Play
IETF (Internet)
IEEE (Ethernet, WLAN)
DATA
VOICE
Multimedia
over IP
IMAGE
DVB ( TV distr.)
ITU-T (Telecom)
Lack of common standards
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Broadband Subscribers growth
Broadband defined as more than ISDN and “ Always On”
2003
2004
ADSL
60
96
Cable
36
49
Fiber
2
3
100
150
Tot
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Mlines
Broadband subscribers growth 50%, makes it the fastest growing in telecom
sector
Traffic volume per subscriber have similar growth, i.e. doubling in total traffic
Asia 43% share of broadband lines, America 29% and Europe 28%
South Korea leading in penetration, 24,8 lines per 100 people, Sweden 14,4
lines corresponding to more than 30% of the households
Fiber has significant contribution in, Italy, Sweden, Japan, South Korea, China
Source: Point Topic,
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The Converged Multiservice
Fixed and mobile Network
PSTN
MSTN
CATV
FIBER, WLAN
TELEPHONY
MOBILE TELEPHONY
TV
INTERNET
xDSL
Internet
Mobile Internet
DVB-H, DMB
Cable Modem
Internet
IP-telephony
IPTV
MULTI-SERVICE
IPbased
Step 1: Common services and service platforms
Step 2: Roaming with session continuity, always best connected
Step 2: Common core and metro aggregation ntwk, separate access
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The Open Network – The Multi Operator Network
All Service Providers can reach and be reached by all End Users
Serviceproviders
The
Det öppna
Open Network
nätet
End Users
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Application and Services in the
Multiservice Broadband network
Private Sector
Public Sector
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Internet access, 10 Mb/s-> 100 Mb/s
IP telephony, picture phone
IP-TV and VoD, SDTV/ HDTV 5/20Mb/s
Real time access to work environment
Interactive games, 10 Mb/s +
Public services
E-government services, QoS as triple play
E- health, E-education
VPN networks for public authorities
Local Information channel
Enterprise sector services
Enterprise Sector
Network Services
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LAN interconnect, GbE and MbE
ATM, connection oriented packet service
VPN, Virtual Private Network layer1/ 2 / 3
Storage network, Ficon,Escon, Fiber Ch.
SIP based communication VoIP, video,..
Video Conference QoS, N x Mb/s
VPN tunnels
IPv6, IP sec
Peering
Peer-to-peer ( file sharing)
Nomadic access
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The broadband connected household
10-50 Mb/s
Ethernet
Interactive
Gaming
Videokonference
Set Top Box
O/E IP
100 Mb/s sym.
SM, MM,Cat5
2x5 Mb/s
Computers
TV-channels +
VoD services
Telephone
2x20 Mb/s
TV
Real Estate services
Home
station
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Triple
Play
HDTV
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Network Trends
Core Optical Network
Metro/Regional Network
Broadband
Access
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The future network will be based on IP/ packet aiming at
convergence and layer reduction, simplification and
flexibility.
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It is a multiservice network handling best effort traffic,
QoS data and legacy services. Still open issues how to
do it.
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Ethernet, due to its low cost ,is migrating into public
domain but lacks today carrier class transport properties
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Next Gen Optical Products can handle both packet and
TDM traffic and can interact with legacy equipment and
network
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Intelligence in the optical layer will allow remote network
configuration. A common control plane with the IP layer
will enable automated switched network ASON/
GMPLS
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Optical transparency to reduce the need of O-E-O
conversions
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Simplified view of the fixed network
Backbone
Core
XC
Residential
Access
AN
Metro EN
Access
AN
Enterprise
Access
OED
Metro
Core
XC Cross Connect
EN Edge Node
AN Access Node
EN Metro
Access
AN
AN
Residential
Access
DSL,Cable
Fiber, Radio
Access network: Critical regarding capex as every cost is per subscriber but well defined from
user and service perspective.
Metro access:
Multiarchitecture challenge. Aggregation of all subscriber services with
Core network:
different QoS to multioperators and multiservices core network
Transport mainly handled by OED:s, sometimes CWDM is added.
Architectural issues including interoperability in the metro core, where mainly
NG-SDH/ SDH and DWDM with (R)OADM are used.
Technological challenges in the backbone network with ”fat” pipes of DWDM
and higher order SDH. Grooming and switching in OXC.
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Two important set of standards to more
efficient handle data traffic
IETF
OSI layered network
MPLS, label switching
 Circuit oriented packet switching
 Traffic engineering (protection,..)
 Traffic separation (VPN tunnelling)
 Basis for GMPLS
IP
3
Ethernet
2
1
0.5
Ethernet
( MPLS)
ATM
SDH
FR
Opto
Lambda
ITU-T
ITU-T
Ethernet
Ethernet
GFP
GFP
VC
ODU
OH
OH
STM
SDH (G 707)
GFP, Generic Framing Procedure
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Standard mapping of data into frames
OTN, Optical Transport Network
FEC
OTN
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New frame structure, parallel with SDH
Direct mapping of data on wavelength
OTN ( G709)
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Switching and Transparency
Dynamic handling of network resources
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ITU-T has defined an architecture for ASON,
Automatic Switched Optical network
IETF has extended MPLS to GMPLS( Generalized)
and defined a common control for layer 3-1 incl.
lambda
That way traffic engineering, layer optimization,
protection switching can be handled over all layers
2
1
3
Dynamic handling of optical resources
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OXC
1
4
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2
3
GMPLS
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By introducing OXC and ROADM in the network remote
control of the optical layer can be achieved and if controlled
by GMPLS extended to layer 2 and 3
Optical transparency means dynamic handling in the optical
domain . By avoiding unnecessary O-E-O conversions
substantial capex can be saved.
50-80% of Internet node traffic is typically pass-through
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Fiber Access
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FTTx where x can be H (home),
B (basement), C (curb) or N
(neighborhood)
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Singel or multimode fiber, trend
SM, one or two fibers
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AON ( PtP) or PON (PtMP),
Europe AON, US and Asia PON.
PON lower cost, AON is more
flexible
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FTTx systems are today quite
competitive in urban areas
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Fixed radio access alternative in
rural areas FWA, TDD and
Wimax
AON
PON
Urban Areas
Planning
Installation
Active eqt
Passive eqt
P2P 1-f
APON
VDSL
CAT5E
ADSL
EPON similar as P2P
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Optical Edge Devices, OED
Multi-Service Provisioning Platform, MSPP
Server side
Client side
E1 / E3
FE/ GbE
Escon,Ficon
STM 1-4
TDM MUX
Switch L2/ L3
Circuit Emul.
CWDM
FE/ GbE
STM 1-64
ETD
NG-SDH
Big family of products from simple media converters to boxes
having integrated switching, routing and CWDM functionality
ETD, Ethernet Transport Devices
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Ethernet transport still an issue. No carrier class standard exist today,
proprietary OAM (Operation & Maintenance)
ETD mainly used in metro aggregation and at enterprise premises
NG- SDH, Next generation SDH
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Use of GFP to map Ethernet into SDH frames
Using all transport features of SDH, can interoperate with legacy SDH
NG-SDH is used in Metro access and core networks, rings and mesh
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WDM system and (R)-OADM
Tx
Tx
Rx
Rx
Tx
Fiber
MUX
(R)-OADM
DEMUX
Rx
Tx
Rx
Rx
Tx
Tx
Rx
Transponder
EDFA
DEMUX
MUX
WDM
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First generation WDM was used for fiber ”multiplication” of SDH
State of art long haul DWDM today is 80+80 (C+L band) channels, each 10 Gb/s i.e 1.6 Tb/s.
Repeater distance 400 km, regeneration 6000 km !
OTN standardization and lower transponder cost has opened up Metro applications where WDM
also can be used to separate services
Two versions, DWDM (Dense) 80 channels and CWDM (Coarse) 8 ch
OADM
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OADM:s are used to create multinode networks, often ring based
ROADM (reconfigurable) will be introduced in the future to achieve dynamic network, faster
provisioning and automated restoration
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OXC, Optical Cross Connect
OOO
Three different types of OXC exist, OOO, OEO and
combined
TRx
Wavelength
switching TRx
Aggr
Aggr
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OOO is an optical or electrical based switch fabrics
performing wavelength switching
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OEO is an electrical switch providing grooming and
switching (STM 155) including ethernet mapping
Aggr
Aggr
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OXC as network component is handling the bandwidth
management, network and platform consolidation
SDH
SDH
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By common control plane remotely controlled a dynamic
network is established controlled by OXC. OOO will
extend that to wavelength level
SDH
SDH
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For smaller applications ROADM, reconfigurable optical
add/drop multiplexer, is used instead of OXC
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Both OOO optical switch fabrics and ROADM are based
on immature and expensive technologies but that will
improve over the coming years
Eth
Eth
SDH 155M switching
OEO
ROADM
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Optical Networking Market
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Market Outlook and Trends
Revenue
Photonics System
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Market finally has turned around, 15 % increase in 2004
but still conservative forecast for next 5 years.
Compare with 30 BUSD in bubble year 2001!
10
BUSD
+10% per year
Next generation products constitute 60% of the market
and Metro access network is the fastest growing segment
2004
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2010
OED:s 40 % of the market, the majority being NG-SDH
OXC market share dropped to 5 % but will recover and take over DXC:s 10%
ROADM:s will overtake the OADM market share of 20% the coming 5 years
Metro WDM market share around 10%, growing with 15% per year
Long haul DWDM market is about 10 % and quite flat
Access systems (data)
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Total market 2004 was 8 BUSD split between DSL, Cable modem, FTTx and access routers
and switches
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Components and Technology
Modules
Optical Amplifiers
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- Mechanically standardized Tx/Rx modules
up to 10 Gb/s direct pluggable
- Tunable lasers not yet a mature technology
- OEIC in InGaAsP far away commercially
but integration is necessary for 100 Gb/s
- VCEL lasers interesting due to better yield
but still a challenge for 1.3 and 1.55
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Passive components
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EDFA dominating type. Big inventories have
reduced development interest but now more
focus on metro and access market
Raman amplifier has issues with safety etc
EDWA potentially a very low cost device but
requires substantial development
SOA, suffering from performance issues
Technology
- Fibergitter is established today as filter
technology for WDM.
- Tunable filters for ROADM:s costly today,
will improve the coming years
- Optical cross connect technologies as
MEMS and X-switches have reliability issues
- Dispersion compensation is based on fiber
today but growing interest for gitter due to
smaller dimension
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The overall issues with optical technology
are size,low integration, lack of memory and
processing capability
Merits are speed, attenuation and sensitivity
Photonic Crystals new area which can offer
high Q filters, negative refraction index !
Metallic Optics future potential for integrated
optics, even memory chips but long way to
go
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The Swedish position, Market
Technology Distribution in Sweden
Fiber/LAN
18%
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The ”IT for all” program 1999 initiated a massive
fiber built out and creation of more than 200
public owned city networks
From a position as one of the leaders in
broadband Sweden has lost some momentum
but still high percentage of fiber access
Strong competition today between Telia (ADSL),
B2, Cable TV operators and the city networks,
totally 20 national and 59 regional operators
Lowest Internet access prices in Europe and a
clear trend to offer triple play but market needs
consolidation
Most city networks follow the open network
concept, growing interest in other countries
Other
1%
Cable
20%
xDSL
61%
Broadband Subscriptions in Sweden,
Q3 2004
Others; 9%
Tele2; 3%
Glocalnet; 3%
TeliaSonera;
36%
Spray (incl
Tiscali); 4%
UPC; 7%
com hem;
12%
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26%
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FTTH in Europe
Concentrated in 4 countries (Sweden, Italy, Denmark and the Netherlands)
Source: IDATE
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The Swedish position, industry
Earlier strong position in photonics due to successful collaboration between
Ericsson, Telia , universities and institutes. Today much more fragmented picture
System vendors
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Ericsson, Own development in broadband
access but sourcing optical transport products.
Ericsson strategy for convergence and BB
growth?
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Packet Front, Broadband access systems with
provisioning for multiservice as key feature. Very
fast growing, founders from B2 and Cisco
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Transmode (Lumentis), D/CWDM systems, No.
2 worldwide CWDM. Metro WDM applications
with built in OXC. Founders from Ericsson
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Net insight.NG-SDH product based on DTM
offering TDM multicasting. Strong in video
transport. Founders from Ericsson and KTH
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Wavium, OXC lambda switch based on
electrical core with a powerful management
system. Recently restructured, founders from
Telia
Modules, components
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Zarlink, strong in VCEL Northligh active in
transmitters and EDFA and Proximion focusing
on fiber gitter for dispersion compensation the
only vendors with some size.
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Examples on small start ups PhoXtal( diplexer
and bistable ROADM switch), InvOpto (low
power,small size optical links), Cernolux(TOADM), Accilon (polari- and spectro meter) and
Syntune (tunable lasers).
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They need marketing support to reach the global
market as no ” Ericsson” exists
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The Swedish position, Research
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The Swedish research in Photonics is mainly concentrated to
three organizations, Acreo, KTH and Chalmers
High international class in respective special areas but ongoing
struggle with financing
Acreo, research institute located in Kista, photonics and optical
networking, and in Hudiksvall, fiber research. Most of the research in
Photonics is done together with KTH in their JV KPRC (Kista Photonics
Research Center).
Acreo is operating the national test bed located in Hudiksvall (metro
access) and in Stockholm (metro core) and a high speed link in between.
The test bed with real test pilots is a meeting place for the different actors
as vendors, operators, service provider. It is part of three BB EU projects.
KTH and KPRC is strong in high speed modulators, laser technology,
gratings, packaging and photonic crystals and quantum optics
Chalmers has its main focus in high speed modulation,
polarization mode dispersion and lasers and work closely with
its microtechnology lab.
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Summary

Due to Internet the traffic volume is growing with almost doubling every year and
at the same time price per bit is falling dramatically.
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To meet this challenge operators are introducing ”next generation IP based
network”, handling best effort, QoS data and legacy services.

It is supported by next generation photonics systems, optimized for data traffic
and offering dynamic, optical transparency and switching
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The number of broadband subscribers are growing with impressive 50% per
year. Triple play i.e. convergence between tele, data and media will increase
access speed and support fiber access built
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Sweden is a mature IT nation willing to explore the broadband society. We have
still competence in photonics, both system and research and maybe the rapid
growth in the broadband sector and the convergence between fixed and mobile
can improve the situation and create a new interest for broadband and photonics.
The market has just started!
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