Transcript PowerPoint SHM

Chapter 14: Oscillations
Section 14-1: Simple Harmonic Motion
If F is the force, x the displacement, and k a
positive constant, for simple harmonic motion
we must have
A. F = –k / x2
B. F = k / x
C. F = (k / x2)½
D. F = –k x2
E. F = –k x
If F is the force, x the displacement, and k a
positive constant, for simple harmonic motion
we must have
A. F = –k / x2
B. F = k / x
C. F = (k / x2)½
D. F = –k x2
E. F = –k x
Any body moving with simple harmonic
motion is being acted on by a force that is
A. constant.
B. proportional to a sine or cosine function of
the displacement.
C. proportional to the inverse square of the
displacement.
D. directly proportional to the displacement.
E. proportional to the square of the
displacement.
Any body moving with simple harmonic
motion is being acted on by a force that is
A. constant.
B. proportional to a sine or cosine function of
the displacement.
C. proportional to the inverse square of the
displacement.
D. directly proportional to the
displacement.
E. proportional to the square of the
displacement.
When an object is oscillating in simple
harmonic motion in the vertical direction, its
maximum speed occurs when the object
A. is at its highest point.
B. is at its lowest point.
C. is at the equilibrium point.
When an object is oscillating in simple
harmonic motion in the vertical direction, its
maximum speed occurs when the object
A. is at its highest point.
B. is at its lowest point.
C. is at the equilibrium point.
The top graph represents the variation of
displacement with time for a particle executing simple
harmonic motion. Which curve in the bottom graph
represents the variation of acceleration with time for
the same particle?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. None of these is correct.
The top graph represents the variation of
displacement with time for a particle executing simple
harmonic motion. Which curve in the bottom graph
represents the variation of acceleration with time for
the same particle?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
E. None of these is correct.
The order, from highest to lowest, of the
frequencies of the oscillatory systems shown in
the figure is
A. a, b, c
B. b, a, c
C. c, b, a
D. c, a, b
E. a, c, b
The order, from highest to lowest, of the
frequencies of the oscillatory systems shown in
the figure is
A. a, b, c
B. b, a, c
C. c, b, a
D. c, a, b
E. a, c, b
The order, from shortest to longest, of the
periods of the oscillatory systems shown in the
figure is
A. a, b, c
B. b, a, c
C. c, b, a
D. c, a, b
E. a, c, b
The order, from shortest to longest, of the
periods of the oscillatory systems shown in the
figure is
A. a, b, c
B. b, a, c
C. c, b, a
D. c, a, b
E. a, c, b
A mass attached to a spring has simple
harmonic motion with an amplitude of 4.0 cm.
When the mass is 2.0 cm from the equilibrium
position, what fraction of its total energy is
potential energy?
A. one-quarter
B. one-third
C. one-half
D. two-thirds
E. three-quarters
A mass attached to a spring has simple
harmonic motion with an amplitude of 4.0 cm.
When the mass is 2.0 cm from the equilibrium
position, what fraction of its total energy is
potential energy?
A. one-quarter
B. one-third
C. one-half
D. two-thirds
E. three-quarters
When the compression of a spring is
doubled, the potential energy stored in the
spring is
A. the same as before.
B. doubled.
C. tripled.
D. increased by a factor of 8.
E. increased by a factor of 4.
When the compression of a spring is
doubled, the potential energy stored in the
spring is
A. the same as before.
B. doubled.
C. tripled.
D. increased by a factor of 8.
E. increased by a factor of 4.
The energy of a simple harmonic oscillator
could be doubled by increasing the
amplitude by a factor of approximately
A. 0.7
B. 1.0
C. 1.4
D. 2.0
E. 4.0
The energy of a simple harmonic oscillator
could be doubled by increasing the
amplitude by a factor of approximately
A. 0.7
B. 1.0
C. 1.4
D. 2.0
E. 4.0
If the amplitude of a simple harmonic
oscillator is doubled, the total energy is
A. unchanged.
B. one-fourth as large.
C. half as large.
D. doubled.
E. quadrupled.
If the amplitude of a simple harmonic
oscillator is doubled, the total energy is
A. unchanged.
B. one-fourth as large.
C. half as large.
D. doubled.
E. quadrupled.
Which of the following statements is true of
a particle that is moving in simple harmonic
motion?
A. The momentum of the particle is constant.
B. The kinetic energy of the particle is
constant.
C. The potential energy of the earth–particle
system is constant.
D. The acceleration of the particle is
constant.
E. The force the particle experiences is a
negative restoring force.
Which of the following statements is true of
a particle that is moving in simple harmonic
motion?
A. The momentum of the particle is constant.
B. The kinetic energy of the particle is
constant.
C. The potential energy of the earth–particle
system is constant.
D. The acceleration of the particle is
constant.
E. The force the particle experiences is a
negative restoring force.
A body moving in simple harmonic motion
has maximum acceleration when it has
A. maximum velocity.
B. maximum kinetic energy.
C. minimum potential energy.
D. minimum kinetic energy.
E. zero displacement.
A body moving in simple harmonic motion
has maximum acceleration when it has
A. maximum velocity.
B. maximum kinetic energy.
C. minimum potential energy.
D. minimum kinetic energy.
E. zero displacement.
The displacement in simple harmonic motion
is a maximum when the
A. acceleration is zero.
B. velocity is a maximum.
C. velocity is zero.
D. kinetic energy is a maximum.
E. potential energy is a minimum.
The displacement in simple harmonic motion
is a maximum when the
A. acceleration is zero.
B. velocity is a maximum.
C. velocity is zero.
D. kinetic energy is a maximum.
E. potential energy is a minimum.
In simple harmonic motion, the magnitude of
the acceleration of a body is always directly
proportional to its
A. displacement.
B. velocity.
C. mass.
D. potential energy.
E. kinetic energy.
In simple harmonic motion, the magnitude of
the acceleration of a body is always directly
proportional to its
A. displacement.
B. velocity.
C. mass.
D. potential energy.
E. kinetic energy.
The kinetic energy of a body executing simple
harmonic motion is plotted against time expressed in
terms of the period T. At t = 0, the displacement is
zero. Which of the graphs most closely represents
these conditions?
The kinetic energy of a body executing simple
harmonic motion is plotted against time expressed in
terms of the period T. At t = 0, the displacement is
zero. Which of the graphs most closely represents
these conditions?
A system consists of a mass vibrating on the end
of a spring. The total mechanical energy of this
system
A. varies as a sine or cosine function.
B. is maximum when the mass is at maximum
displacement.
C. is a maximum when the mass is at its
equilibrium position.
D. is constant, regardless of the displacement of
the mass from the equilibrium position.
E. is always equal to the square of the amplitude.
A system consists of a mass vibrating on the end
of a spring. The total mechanical energy of this
system
A. varies as a sine or cosine function.
B. is maximum when the mass is at maximum
displacement.
C. is a maximum when the mass is at its
equilibrium position.
D. is constant, regardless of the displacement
of the mass from the equilibrium position.
E. is always equal to the square of the amplitude.
A body on a spring is vibrating in simple
harmonic motion about an equilibrium position
indicated by the dashed line. Which figure
shows the body with maximum acceleration?
A body on a spring is vibrating in simple
harmonic motion about an equilibrium position
indicated by the dashed line. Which figure
shows the body with maximum acceleration?
The mass on the end of the
spring is in equilibrium, as shown.
It is pulled down so that the
pointer is opposite the 11-cm
mark and then released. The
mass experiences its maximum
upward velocity at which of the
following positions?
A. 3-cm mark
B. 7-cm mark
C. 1-cm mark
D. 11-cm mark
E. None of these is correct.
The mass on the end of the
spring is in equilibrium, as shown.
It is pulled down so that the
pointer is opposite the 11-cm
mark and then released. The
mass experiences its maximum
upward velocity at which of the
following positions?
A. 3-cm mark
B. 7-cm mark
C. 1-cm mark
D. 11-cm mark
E. None of these is correct.
A mass of 2.00 kg suspended from
a spring 100 cm long is pulled down
4.00 cm from its equilibrium position
and released. The amplitude of
vibration of the resulting simple
harmonic motion is
A. 4.00 cm
B. 2.00 cm
C. 8.00 cm
D. 1.04 cm
E. 1.02 cm
A mass of 2.00 kg suspended from
a spring 100 cm long is pulled down
4.00 cm from its equilibrium position
and released. The amplitude of
vibration of the resulting simple
harmonic motion is
A. 4.00 cm
B. 2.00 cm
C. 8.00 cm
D. 1.04 cm
E. 1.02 cm
If the length of a simple pendulum with a
period T is reduced to half of its original
value, the new period T is approximately
A. 0.5T
B. 0.7T
C. T (unchanged)
D. 1.4T
E. 2T
If the length of a simple pendulum with a
period T is reduced to half of its original
value, the new period T is approximately
A. 0.5T
B. 0.7T
C. T (unchanged)
D. 1.4T
E. 2T
To double the period of a pendulum, the
length
A. must be increased by a factor of 2.
B. must be decreased by a factor of 2.
C. must be increased by a factor of 2½.
D. must be increased by a factor of 4.
E. need not be affected.
To double the period of a pendulum, the
length
A. must be increased by a factor of 2.
B. must be decreased by a factor of 2.
C. must be increased by a factor of 2½.
D. must be increased by a factor of 4.
E. need not be affected.
A clock keeps accurate time when the length
of its simple pendulum is L. If the length of
the pendulum is increased a small amount,
which of the following is true?
A. The clock will run slow.
B. The clock will run fast.
C. The clock will continue to keep accurate
time.
A clock keeps accurate time when the length
of its simple pendulum is L. If the length of
the pendulum is increased a small amount,
which of the following is true?
A. The clock will run slow.
B. The clock will run fast.
C. The clock will continue to keep accurate
time.
You have landed your spaceship on the
moon and want to determine the acceleration
due to gravity using a simple pendulum of
length 1.0 m. If the period of this pendulum
is 5.0 s, what is the value of g on the moon?
A. 1.3 m/s2
B. 1.6 m/s2
C. 0.80 m/s2
D. 0.63 m/s2
E. 2.4 m/s2
You have landed your spaceship on the
moon and want to determine the acceleration
due to gravity using a simple pendulum of
length 1.0 m. If the period of this pendulum
is 5.0 s, what is the value of g on the moon?
A. 1.3 m/s2
B. 1.6 m/s2
C. 0.80 m/s2
D. 0.63 m/s2
E. 2.4 m/s2
Which of the following statements concerning the
motion of a simple pendulum is incorrect?
A. The kinetic energy is a maximum when the
displacement is a minimum.
B. The acceleration is a maximum when the
displacement is a maximum.
C. The period is changed if the mass of the bob is
doubled and the length of the pendulum is
halved.
D. The time interval between conditions of
maximum potential energy is one period.
E. The velocity is a maximum when the
acceleration is a minimum.
Which of the following statements concerning the
motion of a simple pendulum is incorrect?
A. The kinetic energy is a maximum when the
displacement is a minimum.
B. The acceleration is a maximum when the
displacement is a maximum.
C. The period is changed if the mass of the bob is
doubled and the length of the pendulum is
halved.
D. The time interval between conditions of
maximum potential energy is one period.
E. The velocity is a maximum when the
acceleration is a minimum.
A simple pendulum has a mass of 10 kg.
The length of the pendulum is 1.0 m. The
work required to move the pendulum from
its vertical position at rest to a horizontal
position at rest is approximately
A. 0
B. 10 J
C. 16 J
D. 98 J
E. 1.6 kJ
A simple pendulum has a mass of 10 kg.
The length of the pendulum is 1.0 m. The
work required to move the pendulum from
its vertical position at rest to a horizontal
position at rest is approximately
A. 0
B. 10 J
C. 16 J
D. 98 J
E. 1.6 kJ