Transcript Network hardware

Level 2 Diploma
Unit 10 Setting up an IT Network
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Know the current use of computer networks
Know the features and services of local and
wide area networks
Understand how network hardware and
software components are connected
Be able to set up a simple local area network
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What do you know about Network Hardware?
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Complete the quiz!
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Do as much as you can, keep the completed
quiz and make notes as we go through.
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Required irrespective of the software systems
or types of network
Adapter cards
 Cable or wireless
 Workstations/devices
 Routers
 Switches
 Servers
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A Network Interface Card (NIC) connects a
computer to a network
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By wire
By wireless
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Network cards fit into:
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A PC
 Integrated into the motherboard
 Plugged into a PCI slot
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A laptop
 Integrated into the motherboard
 Plugged into a PCMCIA slot or CardBus slot
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The network card
translates the software
messages into
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Electrical signals over
wires
Signals transmitted as
radio waves
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Address used is the 48 bit unique MAC (Media Access
Control) address hard coded into the adapter
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The wired network is called Ethernet
Cables are formed of twisted pairs either
shielded (STP) or unshielded (UTP)
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Shielded has the cables wrapped in metal to make is
more expensive but faster and more reliable
Most cable is Category 5 or 5e (Cat 5)
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Four copper wire pairs (8 in total)
Twisted to reduce crosstalk and electromagnetic interference
Solid cables for permanent wiring
Stranded for flexible cables
Uses RJ45 connector
Cat
Frequency
MHz
Capacit
y
Mbps
Maximum
Distance
Ethernet
Standard
5
100
100
100m
100BASE-TX Fast Ethernet
5e
100
1000
100m
1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet
6
Up to 250
1000+
100m
1000BASE-T Gigabit Ethernet
10Gbps
55m
10GBASE-T 10G Ethernet
10Gbps
100m
10GBASE-T 10G Ethernet
6a
Up to 250
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Wall plates have
IDC (Insulation
Displacement
Connector) RJ45
ports
Solid cabling
connects the ports to
a patch panel
Stranded patch
cables connect hosts
to the wall plates
and the patch panel
to hubs or switches
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Uses light
Not subject to interference or eavesdropping
 Low attenuation means
 Longer distances
 Higher bandwidth
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Glass core carries the signals
Glass or plastic cladding guides the light
Cable usually has 2 fibres in a protective jacket for
full duplex operation
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Single mode (SMF)
Smaller core
 Uses laser light
 Very long cable runs – used for WAN
 More expensive than multimode
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Multimode (MMF)
Up to 500m – used for LAN
 Cheaper
 Uses LEDs
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Standard
Speed
Maximum Length Cable type
10BASE-FL
10Mbps
2 km
MMF
1000BASE-SX
1Gbps
550 m
MMF
10GBASE-SR
10Gbps
82 m
MMF
10GBASE-ER
10Gbps
40 km
SMF
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ST straight tip
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FC ferrule connector
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simpler than FC
LC Lucent connector
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older SMF
SC subscriber
connector
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mostly for MMF
half the size of SC
MT-JR Mechanical
Transfer Registered
Jack
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small form factor for
MMF
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A PC or a mobile device
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Requests a service from the server
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A file
A web page
A printout
Authorisation
Client/server
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A specialised computer
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Server has increased reliability and availability
 More RAM and disk space
 Duplicate components – power supplies, NICs
 Hot swappable RAID disks
 Uninterruptable power supplies used
 Always on
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Optimised for providing services
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Stores data centrally
Ease of backup
 Available to any client
 Centralised permissions
 Centralised security protection
 Eliminates multiple copies
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Provides shared facilities
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Printers
Applications
Web pages
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Provides central authorisations
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User ID
Password security
Group policies
 Centrally control what can be done on the client
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Easy to add new clients
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Easy to add new servers
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A device that connects
workstations together
Allows multiple
connections between
devices at the same time
Typically 4 connections
for a home, 24 for a
business
Works on MAC
addresses
Will not work with IP
addresses
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A device that connects
networks together
Allows access to the
internet
Typically combined with
a switch and a modem for
home
Works on IP addresses
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Explain how hardware can be connected
together to make a network which can connect
to the internet (part of criteria P5)