Transcript Structure And Features of The Internet

Slide 1
Joseph R. Dominick
University of Georgia-Athens
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 2
Part II
Media
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 3
Chapter 11
Chapter Outline
The Internet and the
World Wide Web
A Brief History of the Computer
The Internet
Structure And Features of The Internet
The Evolving Internet
Economics
Feedback
Social Implications
The Future: The Evernet
The Internet and the Web
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 4
A Brief History of the Computer
 Pascal’s arithmatique (17th C)
 Leibniz invents binary system
 Charles Babbage and Ada Bryon design
“analytical engine”
 Herman Hollerith
Develops punch card machine for 1880 census
Starts IBM
 Aiken’s Mark I relay-based computer (1940)
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 5
A Brief History of the Computer
 ENIAC built at Univ. Penn (late 1940s)
First electronic computer
Far faster than the Mark I
Huge
 Transistors and integrated circuits (1950s)
Smaller, lighter computers that use less power
Microprocessors lead to hardware/software
differentiation
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 6
A Brief History of the Computer
 1970s-1980s: first PCs
 Modems allow PC-PC communication over
telephone lines
 Nearby PCs form local area networks (LANs)
 Maturation of LANs and The Internet (1990s+)
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 7
The Internet
 The Internet – a network of networks
 Each Internet computer run by
Government agencies
Libraries
Business
Universities
Individuals
 The Internet – constantly changing,
voluntarily linked network systems
 No one owns, runs, or otherwise regulates
the Internet
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 8
The Internet
 History
ARPANET designed to insure survival of
computer links in wartime (early 1970s)
National Science Foundation connects five
supercomputers using Internet Protocol to
form The Internet (1980)
WWW development of hypertext (1990)
Development of browsers – Mosaic (1993)
Maturation of search engines (late 1990s+)
Google
Excite
Alta Vista
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 9
Structure And Features of The
Internet
[Insert Figure 11-1 here]
Figure 11-1 Structure of the Internet
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 10
Structure And Features of The
Internet
 Internet computers talk using Transmission
Control Protocol / Internet Protocol, or TCP/IP
Addresses of computers
Timing
Retransmission
Breakup and reassembly of messages
 Users gain access to the Internet via
Internet Service Provider (AT&T)
Commercial network (AOL, MSN)
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 11
Structure And Features of The
Internet
 EMail
Fast, cheap, and reliable
# 1 form of U.S. written communication
6 trillion messages annually
Can contain attachments
Not technically or legally private
 Drawbacks
Spam
Virus exposure
Time loss
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 12
Structure And Features of The
Internet
 Newsgroups
Theme-related bulletin boards
Thousands of newsgroups
Specialized topics
Normal (health news)
Arcane (ancient Mayan ruins)
Categories identified by prefixes
alt (alternative) sci (science) bus (business)
Message and responses called message thread
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 13
Structure And Features of The
Internet
 The World Wide Web
Website: set of interconnected web pages housed
on a computer server
Hypertext links: words or graphics that, when
clicked, will take you to other web sites
Home page: the “first” page of a web site
URL: uniform resource locator - an individual
web address
http://www.mhhe.com/catalogs/hss/comm
Portal: first page of a major site
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 14
Structure And Features of The
Internet
 Online Service Providers
America Online (AOL)
27 million subscribers
Expensive
Churn
Microsoft Network (MSN)
7 million subscribers and 
SBC Yahoo
3 million subscribers
Exclusive communication, information,
and entertainment services
A gateway to the Internet
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 15
The Evolving Internet
 Broadband
Any internet connection faster than average
phone line
Available in three technologies:
Satellite
Cable modem
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
PC always connected to the Internet
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 16
The Evolving Internet
 The Wireless Web
15M laptops and 22M phone/PDAs with
wireless Internet access in 2003
Uses WiFi
WiFi hotspots spreading
 Streaming Video
Download and watch Internet-based video
while it is still downloading
Requires broadband Internet access
RealNetworks
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 17
The Evolving Internet
 Microcasting
Broadcasting: video content to large,
heterogeneous audience (example: TV show)
Narrowcasting: special-interest video content to
subgroups (example: ESPN)
Microcasting: highly specific video content to a
very select group of invited people (example:
wedding)
Few-to-few communications is a significant force
in Internet development
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 18
Economics
 Internet-related businesses
Boom 1998 to mid-2000
Huge loss by 2001 ($1.4 trillion)
40% of Internet companies still viable by
2002 (examples: eBay, Expedia)
 E-commerce
Selling goods and services online
$110 billion retail spending online (2002)
B2B spending online $500 billion (2002)
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 19
Economics
 Three ways people are currently making
money on web:
Pay-for-content
Site subscriptions (CNN streaming video)
Pornography
Product and service sales and enablement
Amazon.com
eBay
Selling advertising space
High-traffic sites
Mixtures of techniques
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 20
Feedback
 Two independent companies provide
Internet audience data using software
Metrix – 60,000 people
Nielsen/Net Ratings – 68,000 people
 Audience general population profile
 150 million access the Internet regularly
 Typical user spends 10-15 hours online
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 21
Social Implications
 Lack of gatekeepers
Tendency towards overload of trivia
No verification of information
No censorship
 Information overload
 Privacy concerns
Easy to obtain detailed information
Total Information Awareness
Databases can be out-of-date and inaccurate
Identity theft
 Escapism, isolation, addiction
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 22
The Future: The Evernet
 Also called “Supranet” and “Internet II”
 Convergence of many devices
 Access buried in everyday objects
 Merging of physical and virtual world
 Smart houses, clothing, medical devices
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Slide 23
The Internet and the Web
 Online advertising, journalism
 Web developer 
Webmaster
© 2005 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.