Transcript 1.7 The history of Computer Networking and the Internet

The switching 60’s
Telephone
 Telephone network is the dominating communication
network
 Used circuit switching
Computer communication
 Short bursts of information
 Long inactivity periods
 Packet switching
 More suitable for this type of communication
 More robust
ARPAnet
 Advanced Research Projects Agency at MIT
 The first packet switching network
 IMP (Interface message processor) installed at
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UCLA
UC Santa Barbara
Stanford
Univ. of Utah
The 70’s
 1972:
 ARPAnet is now consistent of 15 nodes
 The first host-to-host protocol
 NCP (Network Control Protocol) enables applications
to be written
 First e-mail program
New networks emerging…
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ALOHAnet
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Telenet
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French packet switching network
IBM’s SNA
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Commercial packet switching network based on ARPAnet’s technology
Cyclades
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Enabling communication over microwaves between the Hawaiian Islands.
Parallelled ARPAnet’s work
Tymnet, GE Information Services network etc.
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Time sharing networks
Networks of networks
 DARPA (Defence ARPA) funded the connection of
networks
 Networks of networks also called inernetting
Protocols
TCP
TCP
IP
 (early version of) TCP
was used for connecting
the networks
 Forwarding functions 
IP
 UDP
More Protocols
 ALOHA Protocol
 Multiple access protocol
 Ethernet protocol
 Enabling wired based
broadcast sharing networks
 Laying the foundation for
LAN
The 80’s
More computer networks
 BITNET
 University e-mail and file sharing
 CSNET
 Linking researchers without access to the ARPAnet
 NSFNET
 Connection to supercomputing centers
 56kbps backbone, later 1,5Mbps and serving as the
linking backbone between regional networks
Standardisation
 TCP/IP replacing NCP as the standard host protocol
for ARPAnet
 The late 80’s:
 Congestion control is added to TCP
 DNS is invented
The 90’s
Commercialisation
 ARPAnet closes down
 NSFNET serving as backbone connecting the regional
networks and opening the network for commercial
purposes
 In 1995 NSFNET is decomissioned and Internet
Service Providers serves as the new backbones in its
place
Developments
 The key components of the web: HTML, HTTP, web server and a
web browser is developed in the early 90’s
 93: web browsers with GUI.
 95: Web commerce
 Killer applications:
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E-mail
The Web
IM (ICQ)
P2P file sharing (Napster)
The rest is history…