Transcript Explicit knowledge

Open Source tools for
Knowledge Management
Carlos Méndez
DOWNLOADS
• Powerpoint
– http://192.168.2.144/winterschool.ppt
• Federated Search Example
– http://192.168.2.144/winterschool.jar
Knowledge Management
• Knowledge Management (KM) refers to a
range of practices used by organisations to
identify, create, represent, and distribute
knowledge for reuse, awareness and learning
across the organisation.
• Knowledge Management programs are typically
tied to organisational objectives and are
intended to lead to the achievement of specific
outcomes such as shared intelligence, improved
performance, competitive advantage, or higher
levels of innovation.
Explicit Knowledge
• Explicit knowledge is knowledge that has been
or can be articulated, codified, and stored in
certain media. The most common forms of
explicit knowledge are manuals, documents,
procedures, and stories. Knowledge also can be
audio-visual. Works of art and product design
can be seen as other forms of explicit knowledge
where human skills, motives and knowledge are
externalized
Implicit Knowledge
• The knowledge that people carry in their heads.
Compared with explicit knowledge, implicit knowledge is
more difficult to articulate or write down and so it tends to
be shared between people through discussion, stories
and personal interactions. It includes skills, experiences,
insight, intuition and judgement.
• There are authors that make a difference between
Implicit Knowledge (a knowledge that through indirect
mechanisms should be made explicit) and Tacit
Knowledge (the one that resides in the head of the
humans and that cannot be made explicit in anyway).
• Example of Tacit Knowledge. A expertise in a machine is
able to locate a problem faster that a junior one even if
they use the same procedures (if they have at their
disposal the same explicit knowledge)
Knowledge Management Tools
• There are commercial tools that are announced
as Knowledge Management Systems (KMS) but
they don’t cover all the aspects of KM specially
regarding implicit knowledge.
• The objective of this session is to explain the
alternatives/extensions to this commercial tools
using Open Source that combined can create a
powerful taylor-made KMS
Knowledge Management
Explicit
Implicit
Tacit
Bookmarking
CMS
Searchers
Blogs
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Collaborative tools
Wiki
Forums
Collaborative Editors
Communication Tools
eMail
Chat
Messenger
Audioconference
Videoconference
Repositories
P2P Networks
File Servers
Best Practices
Virtual
Communities
Social Networks
Rating
Recommendation
Ontologies
Voting
Support System
Taxonomies
Tagging
Competence
Management
Knowledge Map
Folksonomies
Integration Methods
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Web Services
Syndication Systems (RSS/Atom)
Metadata Exchange Protocols
Plug-ins
HTTP Posting
Coding, coding, coding... (standard or
proprietary Languages)
Knowledge Management
Explicit
Bookmarking
CMS
Searchers
Blogs
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Collaborative tools
Wiki
Forums
Collaborative Editors
Repositories
P2P Networks
File Servers
Explicit Knowledge (Social Bookmarking)
• del.icio.us (http://del.icio.us); NO OPENSOURE
– A non-hierarchical keyword categorization system (users can tag
their bookmarks with a number of freely chosen keywords creating
folksonomies).
– Integration:
• Syndication (ex: "http://del.icio.us/tag/wiki" returns all of the most recent
links tagged "wiki“ in RSS format).
• Open Source API implementations available in several languages (Java,
Phyton, PHP...)
• Open source plugins to access by browsers or desktop applications
• del.irio.us (http://de.lirio.us)
– An open source social bookmarking clone of del.icio.us. Now part of
Simpy, a popular, and long-running, social bookmarking website.
– DEMO: LIST of Bookmarks for Tencompetence:
http://de.lirio.us/tags/TenCompetence (Login ws; Password ws)
Explicit Knowledge (CMS) 1/2
• A CMS (Content Management System) facilitates
the organization, control, and publication of a
large body of documents and other content, such
as images and multimedia resources.
• Integration: RSS/Atom in most cases
• Open Source CMS:
– Drupal http://drupal.org/
– Demo
http://demo.opensourcecms.com/e107/e107_admin/admin.php
– User: admin; Password: demo
Explicit Knowledge (CMS) 2/2
• Alfresco (http://dev.alfresco.com): an Open Source ECM
(Enterprise Content Management). It uses Java: Spring,
Hibernate, Lucene and JSF
• Knowledgetree (http://www.ktdms.com/): a powerful
document management system made in Java and PHP
• Exponent http://www.exponentcms.org/
• Typo3 http://typo3.com
• Joomla http://www.joomla.org/
• Nucleus http://www.nucleuscms.org/
• List of CMS
http://www.opensourcescripts.com/dir/Content_management_,040CMS,041/
Explicit Knowledge (Blogs)
• Generates standards-compliant XML, XHTML, and CSS
• Integrated link management
• Search engine-friendly permalink structure
• Extensible plugin support
• Nested categories and multiple categories for articles
• TrackBack and Pingback
• Typographic filters for proper formatting and styling of
text
• A blog is a user-generated website where
entries are made in journal style and displayed
in a reverse chronological order.
•Smarty based templates and plugins
•Threaded comments for enhanced discussion
• WordPress http://wordpress.org/:
•Threaded Trackback support
•Advanced typographic filters enable display of
properly formatted and styled text.
•Integrated blogroll
•Advanced search
– Written in PHP and backed by a MySQL database:
– Feeded by eMail, RSS, etc.
– Access through: RSS/Atom
• bBlog http://www.bblog.com/
– Supports ATOM 0.3 and RSS 2.0 Syndication formats
– Display RSS feeds on your blog
Explicit Knowledge (Collaborative Tools) 1/3
• Wikis: a website that allows visitors to easily
add, remove, edit and change available content,
and typically without the need for registration.
This ease of interaction and operation makes a
wiki an effective tool for mass collaborative
authoring.
– MediaWiki (http://www.mediawiki.org/)
http://www.mediawiki.org/
• Wikipedia http://wikipedia.org/
• WikiQuote http://wikiquote.org/
• WikiBooks http://wikibooks.org/
– List of Wiki Engines
http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiEngines
Explicit Knowledge (Collaborative Tools) 2/3
• Forum: a facility for holding discussions and
posting user generated content. A forum is
essentially a website composed of a number of
member-written threads that entails a discussion
or conversation in the form of a series of
member-written posts.
• PHBB http://www.phpbb.com/
– A popular internet forum package written in the PHP
programming language.
• Comparison of Internet Forum Storage
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Internet_forum_software
Explicit Knowledge (Collaborative Tools) 3/3
• Collaborative Real-Time Editors: a software
application that allows several people to edit a
computer file using different computers:
– Google Docs (Not OpenSource)
http://docs.google.com/
– Gobby http://darcs.0x539.de/trac/obby/cgi-bin/trac.cgi
– OpenEffort http://www.openeffort.com/
– List of Real Time Editors
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collaborative_real-time_editor
Explicit Knowledge (Repositories)
• A repository is a central place where data
is stored and maintained by an
organisation
• Access to information is possible though
several mechanisms as:
– Metadata Exchange Protocols (OAI, Z93.50)
– Query Languages (SQI)
– Web Services
– Syndication (RSS/Atom)
Explicit Knowledge (Federated Search) 1/3
• Several Repostories can be linked
together in a federation making possible
to launch searches in all of them
(federated searches)
• In a federation the repositories must
follow certain specifications regarding
query language, results format, session
management, etc.
Explicit Knowledge (Federated Search) 2/3
GUI
Keywords
Federated Search
lom
lom
vsql
vsql
SQI Implementation for
Youtube
SQI Implementation for
Flickr
xml
rest
Youtube
Flickr
EXAMPLE OF FEDERATED
SEARCH
• Federated search of images and videos in
Flickr and YouTube using vSQL (users
queries), SQI (repositories query), LOM
(result format)
Explicit Knowledge (Federated Search) 3/3
• SQI: Simple Query Interface adopted by
ARIADNE among others with the final aim of
extending its repositories to create a global
Learning Network of learning object repositories:
– SILO implements the ARIADNE’s federated search
http://ariadne.cs.kuleuven.be/silo2006/NewFederatedQuery.do
– SQI Repositories
http://ariadne.cs.kuleuven.be/SqiInterop/free/SQIImplementation
sRegistry.jsp
Explicit Knowledge (Searchers)
– Open source search engines
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DataparkSearch
Egothor
Gonzui
Ht://dig
Lucene
mnoGoSearch
Namazu
Nutch
OpenFTS
Swish-e
Wikiasari
Xapian
YaCy
Zettair
Explicit Knowledge (P2P Networks) 1/2
• A Peer-To-Peer computer network relies
primarily on the computing power and bandwidth
of the participants in the network rather than
concentrating it in a relatively low number of
servers.
• P2P networks are typically used for connecting
nodes via largely ad hoc connections. Such
networks are commonly used for sharing
contents but can be also used for transmit
realtime data, such as telephony traffic
Explicit Knowledge (P2P Networks) 2/2
Network or
Protocol
Applications
BitTorrent
AllPeers, ABC [Yet Another BitTorrent Client], Azureus, BitComet, BitSpirit, BitTornado, BitLord,
BitTorrent, BitTorrent.Net, Burst!, G3 Torrent, KTorrent, Limewire, mlMac, MLDonkey, QTorrent,
Shareaza, Transmission, Tribler, µTorrent, Opera
eDonkey
aMule, eDonkey2000 (discontinued), eMule, eMule Plus, Hydranode, Jubster, lMule, Lphant, MLDonkey,
mlMac, Morpheus, Pruna, Shareaza, xMule, iMesh
GNUnet
GNUnet, (GNUnet-gtk)
Gnutella
Acquisition, BearShare, Cabos, Gnucleus, Grokster, iMesh, gtk-gnutella, Kiwi Alpha, LimeWire,
FrostWire, MLDonkey, mlMac, Morpheus, Phex, Poisoned, Swapper, Shareaza, XoloX
Gnutella2
Adagio, Caribou, Gnucleus, iMesh, Kiwi Alpha, MLDonkey, mlMac, Morpheus, Shareaza, TrustyFiles
Kad Network
aMule, eMule, MLDonkey
Knowledge Management
Implicit
Best Practices
Virtual
Communities
Social Networks
Rating
Recommendation
Ontologies
Voting
Support System
Taxonomies
Tagging
Competence
Management
Knowledge Map
Folksonomies
Implicit Knowledge (Virtual Communities)
• Virtual communities form "when people carry on public discussions
long enough, with sufficient human feeling, to form webs of personal
relationships"
• A virtual community or online community can be used loosely for a
variety of social groups interacting via the Internet. It does not
necessarily mean that there is a strong bond among the members
• It is supported by a variety set of communication tools as forums,
chats or CMS
• Interactions within the communities allows organisations to make
explicit some implicit knowledge as:
– Discover experts as the people that becames a reference in the
community
– Qualify contents through Rating/Voting processes
– Define Ontologies through the tagging of contents by the members of
the community (folksonomies)
Implicit Knowledge (Tagging/Voting)
•
Digg http://www.digg.com is a community-based popularity website with
an emphasis on technology and science articles. It combines social
bookmarking, blogging, and syndication with a form of non-hierarchical,
democratic editorial control. News stories and websites are submitted by
users, and then promoted to the front page through a user-based ranking
system. This differs from the hierarchical editorial system that many other
news sites employ.
•
Meneame http://meneame.net
– Open Source Clone of Digg
http://svn.meneame.net/index.cgi/branches/version2/
– DEMO: http://meneame.net/?category=1
Implicit Knowledge (Social Networks)
A social network is a social
structure made of nodes
which are generally
individuals or
organizations. It indicates
the ways in which they
are connected through
Social Networks
various social familiarities
make explicit the
ranging from casual
acquaintance to close
implicit relations
among the people. familial bonds.
Implicit Knowledge (Social Networks)
Name
Flickr
Description/Focus
User count
Registration
Photo sharing
4,000,000
Open
Music
Unknown
Open
MySpace
General
130,000,000
Open
TagWorld
General (tagging)
1,850,692
Open
WAYN
Travel & Lifestyle
7,000,000
Open to people 18 and older
Windows Live Spaces
Blogging (formerly MSN
Spaces)
30,000,000
Open - Uses Windows Live ID
Xanga
Blogs and "metro" areas
40,000,000
Open
Linked to Yahoo! IDs
4,700,000
Open to people 18 and older
Last.fm
Yahoo! 360°
List of social networks
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_social_networking_websites
Implicit Knowledge (Knowledge Map)
• Taxonomy: the practice and science of classification.
• Folksonomy: An Internet-based information retrieval methodology
consisting of collaboratively generated, open-ended labels that
categorize content such as Web pages, online photographs, and
Web links. A folksonomy is most notably contrasted from a
taxonomy in that the authors of the labeling system are often the
main users (and sometimes originators) of the content to which the
labels are applied. The labels are commonly known as tags and the
labeling process is called tagging.
• Ontology: It seeks to describe or posit the basic categories and
relationships of being or existence to define entities and types of
entities within its framework.
• KNOWLEDGE MAP: Taxonomy where the knowledge of a
certain community are clasiffied .
Implicit Knowledge (LSA/LSI)
• LSA is an algorithm that makes automatic the process of
creating ontologies from specific contents to, for example,
allow them to be classified in a taxonomy (or in the knowledge
map of an organisation).
• Latent Semantic Analysis http://lsa.colorado.edu/ : LSA uses a
term-document matrix which describes the occurrences of terms in
documents. Your original matrix gives the relationship between
terms and documents. Latent semantic analysis transforms this into
a relationship between the terms and concepts, and a relation
between the documents and the same concepts. The terms and
documents are now indirectly related through the concepts.
•
The Semantic Indexing Project http://knowledgesearch.org/
– Open source program for latent semantic indexing
Implicit Knowledge (Best Practices)
• Best Practice is a management idea
which asserts that there is a technique,
method, process, activity, incentive or
reward that is more effective at delivering
a particular outcome than any other
technique, method, process, etc. The idea
is that with proper processes, checks, and
testing, a project can be rolled out and
completed with fewer problems and
unforeseen complications.
Knowledge Management
Communication Tools
eMail
Chat
Instant Messaging
Audioconference
Videoconference
...
•
COMMUNICATION TOOLS
Asynchronous
– eMail
– Annotation (Warichu) http://www.warichu.com/
• Warichu (formerly diginote.info) is a communication tool that sits on top of the
web and allows everyone to discuss the webs content.
• Open API
• Extensions for IE and Firefox
•
Synchronous
– Instant Messaging
• Jabber (XMPP) Jabber is an open system primarily built to provide instant messaging
service and presence information (aka buddy lists). The protocol is built to be extensible
and other features such as Voice over IP and file transfers have been added.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_instant_messaging_clients
– AudioConference
• Asterisk http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterisk_PBX
• OpenWengo http://dev.openwengo.com/trac/openwengo/trac.cgi/
– Chat
• IRC http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_Internet_Relay_Chat_clients
– VideoConference
• Egika/GnomeMeeting http://www.ekiga.org/
Knowledge Management Suites
• Egroupware www.egroupware.org
– Demo for Winter School
http://192.168.2.144/egroupware
– User: ws; Password: ws;
• Moodle www.moodle.org
eGroupware
•
eGroupWare (www.egroupware.org) is a free enterprise ready
groupware software for your network. It enables you to manage
contacts, appointments, todos and many more for your whole
business.
eGroupWare is a groupware server. It comes with a native webinterface which allowes to access your data from any platform all over
the planet. Moreover you also have the choice to access the
eGroupWare server with your favorite groupware client (Kontact,
Evolution, Outlook) and also with your mobile or PDA via SyncML.
eGroupWare is international. At the time, it supports more than 25
languages including rtl support.
eGroupWare is platform independent. The server runs on Linux, Mac,
Windows and many more other operating systems. On the client side,
all you need is a internetbrowser such as Firefox, Konqueror, Internet
Explorer and many more.
– http://demo.egroupware.org/currentversion/login.php
MOODLE
Moodle (www.moodle.org) is a free
software/open source e-learning platform
(also known as a Course Management
System (CMS) or Virtual Learning
Environment (VLE). Moodle is designed to
help educators create online courses with
opportunities for rich interaction. Its open
source license and modular design means
that many people can develop additional
functionality, and development is undertaken
by a globally diffuse network of commercial
and non-commercial users.
Open Source Tools for
Knowledge Management