Transcript File - techlav

Dynamic Wireless
Communication
between Peer-to-Peer
UAVs
Simon Khan
AFRL Information Directorate
Integrity  Service  Excellence
Objectives
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Immediate Goals is to find:
A wireless solution that could surpass the current
wireless capability for UAV
Ultimate Goal in the future is to :
Have an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) network that
guarantees a rapid deployment of a force to any
location in the world
Instantly communicate with the force using high data
rates
Provide live feeds of audio and video from individual
teams executing engagements
Today’s collection of Tactical Data Links not Net-Ready
What does a Mesh Network do?
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Cognitive Bridging
Nodes can automatically discover themselves
Automatic Discovery allows dynamic routing
Perform as a relay to other nodes
Mesh points sense their environment
automatically, establish a network and compute
optimized routes and manage themselves
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Prominent Wireless Mesh Routing Protocols
in the market
• Babel Routing Protocol
• Better Approach To Mesh Area Network
B.A.T.M.A.N- Adv
• Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR)
• Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP)
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BABEL
Advantages and features:
-Loop free distance vector protocol
-Quick Convergence
-Hybrid routing protocol (IPv4 and IPv6 Layer 3)
-More efficient route selection
Disadvantages:
- Periodic routing table updates creates more traffic
-Unsuitable for automatic prefix aggregation for hold time
-Smallest support communities to drive the development
Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR)
Advantages and features:
-One of the oldest routing protocols
-Bigger mesh networking communities to help promote its
development
-Less node needed to forward information
-Route to a particular destination is immediately available
Disadvantages:
-Unnecessary routing traffic generated
-It was once the leading candidate routing protocol
-Relay all the broadcast messages noting nothing is duplicate
creates congestion
B.A.T.M.A.N-Adv
Advantages and features:
-B.A.T.M.A.N-Adv is a layer 2 protocol, self assembling using MAC
addresses
-Distributed knowledge of topology makes efficient and scalable
-Active open source community to promote its development and
support
-Nodes can participate in a mesh without having an IP
-Each node only maintains the record of the next link
Disadvantages
-Routing cost metric based on number of hops.
-Does not check the quality of each link
Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol
(HWMP)
Advantages and features:
-802.11-2012 supersedes 802.11s (Wireless LAN)
-Compiled into most versions of Linux Kernel
-Perform link connection in Layer 2 level
-Calculates routes using data rate and packet loss rate
-Radio Aware protocol
Disadvantages:
-Open source implementation that provides a relatively weak
supporting community
- Less secured. However, ongoing researches are conducted to
make it more secured such as SHWMP/PA-SHWMP
NASA’s Test On Heterogeneous Wireless Mesh
Network Technology for Space Proximity
Choosing the right protocol for experiment
-BATMAN-Adv and HWMP were available for many of the target
platforms
-HWMP is included in the Linux Kernel by default
NASA’s Selection for the Test
Mesh Implementations (Firmware)
DD-WRT- Most popular firmware but minimal involvement on Wireless
Mesh Technology
Open-WRT- Linux based
Windows – Windows 7
Android and IPhone- Another development is Smart phone Adhoc
Networks (SPAN)
Rasberry pi- Airmesh has been successful in integrating BATMAN adv
into Rasbain. Open WRT has been ported to the Rasberry Pi Platform.
Mesh packages- Quick mesh project, Airmesh, Byzantium, commotion
etc. Wireless Nodes Database (WiND) is being used for open source
software.
PLATFORMS
Antenna Range
Througput
Hand off time B.A.T.M.A.N and
HWMP
Test Results
Scenario of a Simulation Performed by the University
of South Florida Students for the Air Force Using
HWMP
Class A: High altitude, high speed UAVs are taking
reconnaissance data at the altitude of 40000 feet at a
speed of 800 km/h
Class B: Medium altitude, medium speed UAVs are
patrolling certain areas at the altitude of 20000 feet
at a speed of 200-300 km/h
Class C: Low altitude, low speed UAVs which are
hovering or moving at the altitude 0-1000 feet at a
speed of 0-100 km/h
Routing path of a Scenario using
HWMP
PREP
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PREQ
PREQ
PREQ
PREP
PREP
Reactive routing down
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Proactive Routing
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Proactive Routing
Delivery Ratio Vs Nodes
Latency vs Nodes
Result of the Simulation
• The excessive nodes and mobility create latency due to
large scalability
• Packet delivery successful 90%
• Most metrics of the test reveal positive nature of the
protocol
Long Term Evolution (LTE)
• Based on 3GPP standard
• Provides uplink connection of 50 mbps and downlink
connection of 150 mbps
• Based on Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM) similar to HWMP, Wi-Fi etc
• LTE in UAV requires eNode for transmission and EPC
(Evolved Packet Core) for routing
• Connectivity is based on second layer of OSI model which
resembles with 802.11s
LTE in US Military Networks
• LTE has been used by different branches of the military using
Commercial-Of-The-Shelf (COTS) products.
• A company like Radisys has been working with the US military to
implement LTE networks
4Gmetry’s Solution
4Gmetry™ is a turnkey
companion computer,
based on XU4
supercomputer and
Samsung Exynos™ 5422
octa-core Cortex™
processor. Specifically
designed to be the
perfect companion of
Pixhawk thus enhancing
your drone/vehicle’s
capabilities.
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Capabilities of 4Gmetry
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It can fall back to Wi-Fi, 3G, HSDPA and GPRS
It can do LTE connection peer to peer
HWMP protocol usage is under development
Successfully established a mesh network over a
mountain with a 10 Mbps throughput
• It can also be controlled centrally
Specification of 4Gmetry
Parallel Wireless
LTE Direct by Qualcomm
• LTE Direct is a new and innovative device-to-device that enables
discovering thousands of devices within 500m of radius (5 and half
football stadium)
• LTE Direct is privacy sensitive, battery efficient and autonomous.
Future Work
• Perform in house research in HWMP algorithm along with
LTE communication
• Use complete COTS products such as Radisys, 4Gmetry or
Parallel Wireless
• Find out what Navy has done with their autonomous
drone and see if we could implement them
• Open to any helpful suggestion or recommendation
QUESTIONS
http://www.onr.navy.mil/Media-Center/PressReleases/2015/LOCUST-low-cost-UAV-swarm-ONR.aspx