Transcript Metro-Scale Roaming

Tropos Product and Technology Overview
GSG Technology Ltd.
Murat SEZER
Agenda
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Introduction
Tropos MetroMesh™ Architecture
Tropos Purpose-Built MetroMesh Routers
Tropos MetroMesh OS
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Predictive Wireless Routing Protocol
Virtual Network Infrastructure
Metro-Scale Roaming
Multi-Layered Security
• Tropos Control Element Manager
• Deploying a MetroMesh Network
• Summary
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Tropos MetroMesh™ System
Tropos Control
Metro-Scale
Optimized
Architecture
MetroMesh OS
• Predictive Wireless Routing Protocol
(PWRP™)
• Metro-scale coverage and capacity
• Full metro-scale roaming
• Multiple virtual networks
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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• Only purpose-built metro-scale
Wi-Fi mesh network element
manager
• Centralized management of
distributed system
• Scales to handle true metro-scale
deployments: thousands of nodes
• Enables simplest deployments,
lowest TCO and best reliability
Open-Standard Platform
• Industry’s best outdoor radio
performance
• COTS technology: Radio +
router + power system
• Purpose-built for long-life
outdoors
• Wi-Fi  WiMAX
Tropos Architecture
Wired IP
Network
P2MP, e.g.,
Canopy,
WiMAX
T-1/E-1
DSL
Ethernet to
Fiber Ring
Backhaul
MetroMesh
Routers as
Wired Gateways
MetroMesh
Routers
Standard
Wi-Fi
Clients
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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The MetroMesh™ System
• Tropos MetroMesh™ OS
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Predictive Wireless Routing Protocol
(PWRP™) for superior performance, rapid
deployment and unfettered scalability
Multiple private and public networks on
a single wireless infrastructure
Secure roaming throughout the metro
coverage area
Multi-layer security delivered to the
edge of the wireless network
• Tropos Control Element Manager
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Metro Wi-Fi optimized, SNMP-compliant
network management
• Purpose-Built Hardware
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Carrier-grade outdoor, indoor, and mobile MetroMesh™ routers
Metro-Scale Mesh Networking Defined™
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Tropos MetroMesh™ Routers
• Tropos 5210 outdoor MetroMesh router
– High powered coverage for standard
802.11g and 802.11b clients
– Economical delivery of subscriber
capacity (reduced node density)
– Totally weather tight and hurricane resistant
– Multiple power options, simple to install
• Tropos 3210 indoor MetroMesh router
– Extends the mesh indoors
• Tropos 4210 mobile
MetroMesh router
– In-vehicle mobile mesh node
– High-powered mobile client
– High-speed roaming
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Tropos 5210 MetroMesh™ Router
The Most Efficient Metro-optimized Radio
• The best throughput, with the first metro-scale 802.11g mesh
• The best power output (36 dBm EIRP)
• The best receive sensitivity (-100 dBm at 1 Mbps)
Safely Deployable Anywhere
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-40ºC to 55ºC operating range
IP67 weathertight
165 mph wind survivability
Lightning, power surge, EMC protected
Available battery backup for non-stop
operation
Simply Deployable Everywhere
• 90-480V AC, 12-48V DC flexible power
• Built-in PoE (12,24,48VDC) to power Canopy,
cameras etc.
• 14 lbs, 13"x8"x5¼"
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Simple, Flexible 5210 Mounting
• Designed for simple installation
– One nut-driver
– Universal mounting bracket
– On-board bubble Levels
• All nodes have two Ethernet ports
– Uplink so any node can become a
gateway
– Downlink for attaching cameras,
or other wired networking devices
Wood Pole
Mount
Lamppost
Mount
Vertical
Pole
Mount
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Tropos 5210 Radio and Amplifier
802.11b
Highest Output Power
Transmit Power
Antenna Gain
EIRP
29 dBm
7 dBi
36 dBm
Legal Limit
36 dBm
+
Data Rate
Rx Sens
1 Mbps
-100dBm
2 Mbps
802.11g
Data Rate
Rx Sens
-98dBm
6 Mbps
-95dBm
5.5 Mbps
-96dBm
9 Mbps
-94dBm
11 Mbps
-94dBm
12 Mbps
-93dBm
18 Mbps
-91dBm
24 Mbps
-88dBm
36 Mbps
-83dBm
48 Mbps
-78dBm
54 Mbps
-77dBm
Best Receive
Sensitivity
• Lowest Node Density
=
– Optimal node-to-node performance
• Most Reliable Mesh
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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– Best-in-class reception for standard clients
– Alternate path routing for reliability
Tropos 3210 Indoor MetroMesh Router
• 100mw radio, user selectable antennas
• Runs Tropos PWRP routing to extend outdoor
networks indoors
• Can be used in stand-alone
networks where backhaul
wiring is expensive or
impossible
• Allows seamless roaming
between indoor and
outdoor networks for
mobile users and devices
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Tropos 4210 Mobile MetroMesh Router
• Trunk or dash-mounted with external antennas
– Built-in GPS
• Same radios, power output and
receive sensitivity as 5210 fixed
nodes
– 36dBm EIRP (~4 W) compared to
typical 100mW standard Wi-Fi card
– Each vehicle carries a high-powered
hot zone with it
• Tropos-optimized, high speed
roaming
• Reduces node density for rural and suburban applications
– 50-75% fewer nodes in an RF-friendly environment
• Has the same meshing capability as fixed nodes
– Can extend the metro mesh
– Can form a tactical ad-hoc mesh between vehicles
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Tropos MetroMesh™ OS
• Predictive Wireless Routing Protocol
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High throughput, self-configuring, selfhealing, scalable networks
• Virtual Network Infrastructure
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Multiple user groups sharing the same
infrastructure
QoS-ensured user and application
priorities
• Metro-Scale Roaming
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Full transparent roaming throughout the
coverage area
• Node to node, subnet to subnet
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Maintains TCP sessions and all
authentication connections
• Multi-Layer Security
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Supports multi-layered, high security
models
Appropriate policies for each user group
The Core of a High Performance, Reliable, Scalable
Wireless Infrastructure
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Predictive Wireless Routing Protocol
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Layer 3 implementation
Self-organizing
Self-healing
Throughput optimized
Unlimited scalability
PWRP: The Core of MetroMesh OS
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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PWRP: Self Organizing
The Wi-Fi cells automatically discover one another,
Wired backhaul
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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PWRP: Self Organizing
The Wi-Fi cells automatically discover one another, intelligently
choosing optimal paths back to the wired connection.
Wired backhaul
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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PWRP: Self Organizing
Newly added Wi-Fi cells participate in auto-discovery,
Wired backhaul
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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PWRP: Self Organizing
Newly added Wi-Fi cells participate in auto-discovery, recalculating the
optimal paths to the wired connection.
Wired backhaul
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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PWRP: Self Organizing
Capacity can be dynamically upgraded by adding backhaul lines as needed
Wired backhaul
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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PWRP: Self Organizing
Capacity can be dynamically upgraded by adding backhaul lines as needed
Wired backhaul
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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PWRP: Self Organizing
Capacity can be dynamically upgraded by adding backhaul lines as needed
Wired backhaul
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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PWRP: Self Healing
If a backhaul link fails…
Wired backhaul
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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PWRP: Self Healing
If a backhaul link fails…
Wired backhaul
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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PWRP: Self Healing
If a backhaul link fails the network automatically adapts by re-assigning
paths in real-time to maintain connectivity.
Wired backhaul
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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PWRP: Self Healing
Similarly, if interference causes a path to fail…
Wired backhaul
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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PWRP: Self Healing
Similarly, if interference causes a path to fail…
Wired backhaul
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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PWRP: Self Healing
Similarly, if interference causes a path to fail the network re-configures
to route around the obstruction.
Wired backhaul
Optimal routing paths
Alternate back-up routes
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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PWRP: Smart Routing Creates Capacity
• Retransmissions reduce subscriber capacity when shared
airlink is used more than once to transmit same data
• Two causes of retransmissions in a metro-scale mesh
– Number of hops – effect limited because subscribers typically
2-3 hops from Internet connection
– Packet errors caused by interference – effect potentially
unlimited on error-prone links
• Maximizing subscriber capacity requires minimizing total
retransmissions
– PWRP dynamically selects best end-to-end data paths
Reduces Total Retransmissions and Creates
Subscriber Capacity
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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PWRP: Smart Routing Creates Capacity
PWRP
Throughput
100%
80%
Non-throughput optimized protocols
60%
40%
20%
0%
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8
9 10
Transmissions Per Packet
• Legacy protocols do not minimize
packet errors
• Packet errors consume subscriber
capacity
• Packet errors cause more
retransmissions than hops
PWRP Creates Subscriber Capacity by Avoiding
Retransmissions
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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PWRP: Unlimited Scalability
Metro-Scale Means Big Networks
• Hundreds or thousands of
nodes are required to cover
metro areas
• Protocol overhead for legacy
mesh algorithms grows as the
network grows
– As much as 20 Mbps in a
2,000 node city-wide network
– Consumes almost all available
throughput of 802.11g
network
PWRP Overhead Remains Flat at <5%
of Network Bandwidth
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Metro-Optimized Radio
802.11g: 2.4 GHz
-20dB
-10dB
-74dBm
36dBm
EIRP
-80dB Unobstructed
-86dB Unobstructed
-87dBm
RX Sensitivity
(24 Mbps
Data Rate)
-110dBm
2.4 GHz Outdoors
 802.11g does not suffer from
5 GHz propagation issues
 Provides typically 20-40dBi better
performance outdoors
-40dB
-20dB
802.11a: 5.8 GHz
 802.11g signal gets through
5GHz Mesh Typically Requires 3–6x MetroMesh
Node Density
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Virtual Network Infrastructure
• A single wireless infrastructure
supporting
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Up to 16 ESSIDs
VLAN tags by ESSID and IP address
• Advanced industry-standard
security options for each
virtual network
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802.1x WPA support
AES encryption for all internode
traffic
• Quality of Service
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Priority and bandwidth control by user
group (IP range) and application (port)
Multiple User Groups Supported on a Single
Physical Network
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Multiple ESSID and VLAN Support
City ISP
City Hall
ESSID: City1
WEP/VPN
Priority 3
ESSID: PD1
802.1x/VPN
Priority 1
Police Dept.
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Business
SOHO
Residential
ESSID: Work1
802.1x
Unlimited
Priority 4
ESSID: SOHO1
WEP
1.0 Mbps
Priority 5
ESSID: Home1
Open
500 Kbps
Priority 6
ESSID: FD1
802.1x
Priority 2
Fire Dept.
Application Prioritization
Police Dept.
Video
Surveillance
Priority 3
1Mbps Cap
28/29
Inquiries
CAD
Priority 1
Federal
State
County
Priority 2
Application-Level QoS
 Traffic priority defined by port or
application server IP address
 CAD (dispatch) gets highest
operational priority
 28/29 Inquiries (people and vehicles)
also very important
 Video Surveillance gets high traffic
priority plus bandwidth cap to protect
other applications
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Metro-Scale Roaming
• Full transparent roaming
throughout the coverage area
– Node to node, subnet to subnet
• Maintains session persistence
– Single sign-on
– Maintains TCP sessions and all
authentication connections
Operates as a Single, Contiguous
Wi-Fi Coverage Area
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Metro-Scale Roaming
VPN
Authentication
User ID: VPN_ID
PW: XXXX
Authentication Preserved
Throughout the Network
 Sign-on required only at start of
session
 Secure connectivity continues during
re-association with nodes
 ESSID, WEP/802.1x and VPN links
maintained across entire network
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Metro-Scale Roaming
Client Connects in Cluster A
Cluster C
192.168.1.110
Gateway C
Cluster B
Cluster A
• IP address of client
(192.168.1.110) is in subnet
covering both wired and
wireless interfaces of
Gateway A and Gateway B
• Gateway A uses proxy-ARP to
answer for client’s packets
from other devices, such as
Default Router
Gateway A
Canopy
Backhaul
IP Tunnel Traffic
Gateway B
192.168.2.0/24
Internet
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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192.168.1.0/24
TCP Session
Metro-Scale Roaming
Client Roams to Cluster B
192.168.1.110
Cluster C
• IP address of client remains
constant
• Client is registered in Gateway
B’s roaming database and
deregistered in Gateway A’s
Gateway C
Cluster B
Cluster A
Gateway A
Canopy
Backhaul
Internet
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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• TCP sessions transparently
preserved
IP Tunnel Traffic
Gateway B
192.168.2.0/24
• Gateway B issues gratuitous
ARP to clear ARP caches of
other devices
• Gateway B assumes proxy-ARP
responsibility for client
192.168.1.0/24
TCP Session
Metro-Scale Roaming
192.168.1.110
Client Roams to Cluster C
Cluster C
• IP address of client remains
constant, even though its
subnet changes
• Client is registered in Gateway
C’s roaming database
Gateway C
Cluster B
Cluster A
Gateway A
Canopy
Backhaul
• Looks up home gateway (B)
from Gateway List
• Gateway C opens IP tunnel to
Gateway B
• Client traffic forwarded
through tunnel
• TCP sessions transparently
preserved
IP Tunnel Traffic
Gateway B
192.168.2.0/24
Internet
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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192.168.1.0/24
TCP Session
Tropos MetroMesh™ OS
• Supports multi-layered, high
security models
• Appropriate policies for each
user group
– Reinforces wireline security
infrastructure
• Completely customizable for
each environment
Multiple Security Policies for Multiple
User Groups
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Multi-Layer Security
VPN/
Radius
Servers
Control and Management: 128 bit AES
Client
To Client:
Internode Data:
64/128 bit WEP
TKIP
Client Options
Encryption:
64/128 bit WEP
WPA TKIP
Authentication:
WPA 802.1x with RADIUS
WPA PSK
64/128 bit WEP
128 bit AES
VPN: IPSEC
3DES/SHA1
Wireless
Node
Wired
Gateway
MAC
Address
Filtering
VPN
Traffic
Filtering
802.11b/g Wireless Network
VPN Tunnel
Tropos Control and Management
Wired Network
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Tropos MetroMesh™ OS
• Predictive Wireless Routing Protocol
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Self-organizing, self-healing, scalable
Industry best subscriber capacity
• Virtual Network Infrastructure
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Leverage of city-wide infrastructure for
the entire city enterprise
• Metro-Scale Roaming
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Single sign-on and security preserved
throughout the coverage area
• Multi-Layer Security
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Highest, industry-standard security to
the edge of the network
Independent options and policies for
each enterprise user group
The Core of a High Performance, Reliable,
Scalable Wireless Infrastructure
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
Page 41
Tropos Control Element Manager
• Wireless-optimized network management
– Metrics based on actual measured wireless performance
– Over-the-air configuration and provisioning
– Supports thousands of MetroMesh routers
• Centralized management
of the entire network
– Router configuration
– Real-time network
monitoring and control
– Sophisticated fault
monitoring and reporting
– On-air software upgrades
• SNMP-compliant
– Readily integrates into
existing NOC infrastructure
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Tropos Control Architecture
Tropos
Control
Web GUI
Tropos
Control
Server
Wired
Mesh Router
Gateways
Wireless
Mesh Router
Nodes
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Client and
Server can
reside on same
platform
Tropos Control
SNMP v2
AES Encrypted
Control Traffic
Gateway
agents act as
proxies for
wireless
Nodes
Deploy, Operate, Optimize
• System Deployment
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Profile based management
Bulk provisioning
Software loading
Task scheduling
• System Operation
– Alarm Manager
– Event Browser
– Fault correlation
• System Optimization
– Performance thresholding
– Extensive operational
reporting
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Tropos Control Element Manager
• Provides a window on the entire MetroMesh network
– Centralized real time visibility and access
– Extensive operational statistic
collection and reporting
• Reduces operational costs
– All functions centrally managed
– Allows rapid integration of new
network equipment
• Reduces capital costs
– Optimizes use of deployed
equipment
• Allows rapid network changes
– Rapidly responding to user needs
• Improves operational accuracy
– Eliminates human error
– Makes complex management processes simple
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
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Building a MetroMesh Network
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Wireless link budget calculations
Node density guidelines
Fixed wireless deployments
Using inexpensive,
wireless backhaul
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
Page 46
RF Link Budgets
40 dBm
Power
20 dBm
0 dBm
-20 dBm
-40 dBm
-60 dBm
-80 dBm
-100 dBm
TX
Output
Power
TX
EIRP
Path
Loss
RX
Antenna
Gain
Excess Noise
Thermal Noise
Received
Signal
SNR
Added
Fade
Margin
Signal to
Noise
Link Budget = TxEIRP – RxSense + RXAntenna Gain – Fade Margin
Typical Fade Margin = 10-25 dB (depending on topography)
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
Page 47
Link Budget Example
802.11g Client
• 15dBm EIRP (36mW)
• 0dBi Rx Antenna Gain
• -85dBm Rx Sens
(@ 1 Mbps)
Tropos 5210
• 36dBm EIRP (4W)
• 7.4dBi Rx Antenna Gain
• -100dBm Rx Sens
(@ 1 Mbps)
Link Budget = TxEIRP – RxSense + RXAntenna Gain – Fade Margin
Downstream Link Budget = 36dBm – (-85dBm) + 0dBi – FM
= 121dB - FM
Upstream Link Budget = 15dBm – (-100dBm) + 7.4dBi – FM
= 122.4dB - FM
5210 Superior Rx Sensitivity Compensates
for Low Powered Clients
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
Page 48
MetroMesh Router Density Guidelines
Node Densities for Standard Tropos 5210 (36dBm EIRP)
Application
Type of Client
MetroMesh Router
Density per sq. mile
Street Level Hot Zone for
Mobile users (0.5 - 1.0 Mbps)
Outdoor laptop with
internal card
30 – 40*
Fixed Wireless to the Home
(0.5 – 3.0 Mbps)
200mW indoor CPE bridge
20 – 28*
Standard 802.11g Wi-Fi
card (200mW) with
Street Level in-Vehicle Access
external antennas
for Public Safety
(0.5 – 1.0 Mbps)
In-vehicle Tropos 4210 with
external antennas
12 – 15*
4 – 8*
* Actual node density requirements will depend on site topography (buildings, hills, foliage, etc.)
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
Page 49
MetroMesh™ Residential Broadband
User-Installable, Indoors
 Subscriber places CPE
(“wireless modem”) in
window and connects to
computer
 In-home wireless from customerconnected access point, if required
 Mobile access is available outdoors, and
city-wide
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
Page 50
Low Cost, Totally Wireless Deployment
Line-of-Sight Wireless Backhaul
 5GHz (WiMAX) P2P or P2MP systems
provide a high bandwidth, cost
effective alternative to wired
backhaul
 Units can often be powered from
Tropos 5210 gateways via PoE
 Gateway sites selected with clear
LOS to PoP
Tropos 5210 with
Subscriber Unit
Point of Presence
Wired IP
Network
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
Page 51
Tropos Technology Summary
• Tropos MetroMesh OS
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–
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High subscriber capacity
Self-configuring, self-healing
Multi-use network infrastructure
Multi-layer security
Metro-scale roaming
• Tropos Control EM
– Wi-Fi optimized, SNMP-compliant
network management
• Purpose-Built Platforms
– Carrier-grade indoor, outdoor and mobile MetroMesh routers
Metro-Scale Mesh Networking Defined™
© 2005 Tropos Networks, Inc.
Page 52
Tropos Networks, Inc.
555 Del Rey Avenue
Sunnyvale, CA 94085
408.331.6800
http://www.tropos.com