Transcript Connectivity

We are in an information age
C1- Computers:
Tools for an Information Age
CORNERSTONES OF OUR ECONOMY
HAS CHANGED!
Land
Labor
Capital
Information
•Bank withdrawal
•Supermarket
•Drive the car
•From physical to mental
•From muscle-power to
brain-power
Forging a Computer-Based Society:
Do I need a Personal Computer?
 Will I use a computer in my future career?
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Computer Literacy
Awareness
Importance
Versatility
Pervasiveness in our society
Knowledge What are computers
How do computers work
Terminology
Interaction
Use some simple computer applications
THE NATURE OF COMPUTERS
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Characteristics
Speed
Reliability
Storage capability
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Results
Productivity
Decision making
Cost reduction
WHERE COMPUTERS ARE USED
Graphics
Education
•Graphs and charts
•Animated graphics
•Visual walk-through
•Teaching and testing aid
•Learning by doing
•Computer-based instruction
Energy
Retailing
•Bar codes for pricing and inventory
•Shipping
•Locate oil, coal, natural gas, and uranium
•Monitor the power network
•Meter reading
Transportation
Law Enforcement
•National fingerprint files
•National files on criminal
•Computer modeling of DNA
•Cars
•Run rapid transit systems
•Load containerships
•Track railroad cars
•Monitor air traffic
WHERE COMPUTERS ARE USED
Money
Agriculture
•Record keeping
•Banking by phone
•Credit cards
•Billing
•Crop information
•Feed combinations
•Livestock breeding and performance
Government
Home
•Forecast weather
•Manage parks
•Process immigrants
•Social Security benefits
•Taxes
•Educational tool
•Record keeping
•Letter writing
•Budgeting
•Drawing and editing pictures
•Newsletters
•Connecting with others
Health and Medicine
•Monitor patients
•Electronic imaging
•Diagnose illnesses
Robotics
•Perform jobs that are dangerous for humans
•Factory work
WHERE COMPUTERS ARE USED
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The Sciences
Research
Simulation
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Training
Airline pilots
Railroad engineers
Paperwork
Connectivity
• Communication
• Telecommuting
• Junk mail
• Term paper
• Record keeping
Computers are all around!
Grocery store
 School
 Library
 Bank
 Mail
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We interact with computers everyday!
Computer System
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People
 Computer
programmer – person who writes
programs
 Users or End-users – make use of the computer’s
capabilities
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Software/Programs
 Set
of instructions that directs the hardware to do a
required task and produce the desired results
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Hardware
Hardware
Basic Components of a Computer
Computer
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A machine that can be programmed to accept
data (input), process it into useful information
(output), and store it away (in secondary
storage device) for safekeeping or later reuse
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Process is directed by software but performed
by the hardware
Function of Computer System
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Data handling
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I
P
O
S
Input
Process
Output
Storage
Input devices
Accept data or commands and convert them to
electronic form
 Getting data into the computer
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 Typing
on a keyboard
 Pointing with a mouse
 Scanning with a wand reader or bar-code reader
 Terminal
OUTPUT DEVICES
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Monitor or screen
Text
Numbers
Symbols
Art
Photographs
Video
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Printer
Black and white
Color
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Convert from electronic form to some
other form
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May display the processed results
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Usable information
The Processor
Central Processing Unit (CPU)
 Converts data to useful information
 Interpret and execute instructions
 Communicate with input, output and storage
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Two Types of Storage
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Secondary storage
 long-term
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storage
Primary storage or memory
 temporary
storage
STORAGE
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Memory / Primary
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Temporary storage
Holds input to be
processed
Holds results of
processing
Contains the programs to
control the computer and
manipulate input into
output
Volatile
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Secondary Storage
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Long-term storage
Non-volatile
Secondary Storage Examples
Magnetic disks – read and written by magnetic
disk drive
• Hard disk
• Diskette
Optical disks – read and written by optical disk
drives
• CD-ROM
• DVD-ROM
Magnetic tape – read and written by magnetic
tape drives
• Primarily used for back-up
Computer System
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Computer
 CPU
 Memory
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Peripheral equipment
 Connected
to the computer by a cable
 Input, output, storage
Network
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Definition
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A system that uses communications equipment to
connect computers and their resources.
Types
Local area network (LAN) – connects computers in
close proximity
 Metropolitan are network (MAN) – connect computers
between buildings in the same geographic area
 Wide are network (WAN) – connects computers over
great distances
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Home Connectivity
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Connect home PC to other computers
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Use modem to convert signals between
electronic (computer) and analog (voice)
formats
Internet
Collection of networks
 No ownership
 No central source for services available
 No comprehensive index of what information is
available
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Connects Everyone!
Individuals
Businesses
Organizations
Libraries
Research labs
Government
Getting Connected
User’s computer must connect to a server
 Server must communicate using TCP/IP
 The user can purchase access to a server from
an ISP (Internet Service Provider)
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Internet – What Can You Do?
WWW – World Wide Web
 FTP – File Transfer Protocol
 E-mail
 UseNet
 IRC – Internet Relay Chat
 Bulletin Boards
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World Wide Web
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Browser – program that allows the user to
move around and explore the Internet
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Use the mouse to point and click on text and
graphics
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Web page
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Web site
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Home page
Classifications of Computers
Use the computer that fits your needs
 Based upon
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 Size
 Speed
 Cost
 Portability
 Number
of simultaneous users supported
 Available software
 Typical use
Personal Computers
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Other names
PC
 Microcomputer
 Home computer
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Categories
Low-end functional
 Fully powered
 Workstations
 Net computer or net box (Web TV)
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Desktop Models
Notebook Computers
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Portable
Lightweight
 Fits in a briefcase
 Battery operated
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Laptop
Larger
 Heavier
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More expensive that desktop models
Handheld Computers
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Personal Digital Assistant (PDA)
 Scheduling
 Addresses
 Handwritten
input
 May offer wireless e-mail and fax
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Pocket
 More
power than PDA
 Runs basic productivity software
Other Types of Computers
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Mainframes
High speed
 More expensive
 Used to process large amounts of data quickly
 Support multiple users
 Does server tasks
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Supercomputers
Fastest speed
 Most expensive
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IOA
Objectives
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Describe the three fundamental characteristics of
computers
Describe at least four areas of society in which
computers are used
Identify the basic components of a computer system:
input, processing, output, and storage
List some common input, output, and storage media
Distinguish data from information
Describe the significance of networking
Explain the significance of the Internet
Explain the various classifications of computers
Contents
Information Age
 Computer Literacy
 Where Computers Are Used
 Computer System
 Network
 Classifications of Computers
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