Transcript Requirements and Mechanism

Pritee Parwekar
Pritee Parwekar
Pritee Parwekar
Pritee Parwekar
Requirements and Standards
• Some requirements for WSN deployment
include:
– Fault tolerance
– Lifetime
– Scalability
– Real-time data collection
– Security
– Production Cost
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Fault Tolerant Mechanism
• Mechanisms can be incorporated in any
routing protocols for WSN to make it fault
tolerant
• It consists of four parts:
–Failure detection
–Failure information propagation
–New parent detection
–New parent selection
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Shubhalaxmi Kher, Arkansas State University
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Lifetime
• Battery powered nodes calls for optimized
code and network topology.
• These factors must be considered with the
design and implementation of WSN platforms,
protocols, and applications.
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Shubhalaxmi Kher, Arkansas State University
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WSN requirements: Scalability
• Wireless Sensor Networks may call for a
large number of nodes.
• Scalability will depend on the environment
in which sensing is needed.
• Range considerations will also need to be
made for network topology and
transmission power.
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Shubhalaxmi Kher, Arkansas State University
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IEEE 1451 Standard
• The objective of this project is to develop a
family of smart transducer interface standard
IEEE 1451.
• This set of standards is to make it easier for
transducer manufacturers to develop smart
devices.
• Also to interface those devices to networks,
systems, and instruments by incorporating
existing and emerging sensor- and
networking technologies.
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IEEE 1451 (contd.)
• IEEE 1451.1 – Specifies collecting and
distributing information over a conventional IP
network.
• IEEE 1451.2 – Wired transducer interface – 12
wire bus working on a revision which will put
IEEE 1451 on RS-232, RS-485 and USB.
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IEEE 1451 (contd.)
• IEEE 1451.4 – This portion of the standard
specifies the requirements for TEDS
(Transducer Electronic Data Sheets). ***This is
software only.
• The IEEE is currently working on three different
standards; 802.11, Bluetooth, and Zigbee.
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IEEE 802.15.4 Standard
• This standard specifies the PHY (physical) and
MAC (Medium Access Control) layers for lowrate wireless personal area networks (LRWPANs).
• Defines the channel access mechanism,
acknowledged frame delivery, network
association and disassociation.
• Supports two Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
(DSSS) PHY layers operating in Industrial,
Scientific, and Medicine (ISM) frequency bands.
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IEEE 802.15.4 (continued)
IEEE 802.15.4 Frequency Bands and data rates
Band
868 MHz
915 MHz
2.4 GHz
Region
EU, Japan US
Worldwide
Channels
1
10
16
Data Rate
20 kbps
40 kbps
250 kbps
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IEEE 802.11 Standard
• Set of standards for implementing Wireless
Local Area Network (WLAN) communication in
the 2.4, 3.6, and 5 GHz frequency bands.
• This standard defines the channels that
subdivide different bands, minimizing local
interference when deploying several networks
in close proximity.
• The latest protocol (802.11n) operates at a
maximum data rate of 150 Mb/s.
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IEEE 802.11 (contd..)
• 802.11n supports 4 MIMO (multiple-input,
multiple output) streams, where previous
protocols only allowed 1, increasing
performance.
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Variation of Standards
• Wibree –a light-weight Bluetooth platform.
– Announced by the Nokia Corporation in Oct.
2006.
– Wibree operates at the 2.4 GHz frequency
band and supports a star network topology
with one master and seven slave nodes.
– Wibree uses lower transmission power and
lower symbol rate in order to reduce energy
usage to one-tenth that of Bluetooth.
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Variation of Standards (contd..)
• Z-Wave – a lighter version of Zigbee
platform.
– Operates at 868 MHz and 915 MHz frequency
bands.
– Targeted for the control of building automation
and entertainment electronics.
– Maximum number of nodes in a network is
232.
– Supported topologies are star and mesh.
– Developed by Zensys, Intel, and Cisco, as well
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as other companies.
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Variation of Standards (contd..)
• MiWi
– Simpler version of Zigbee developed by
Microchip
– Suitable for smaller networks with less than
1024 nodes
– Supports star and mesh topologies
– Simplified Zigbee stack reduces the MCU cost
by 40 to 60%
– Protocol stack is free and does not require a
certification
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IEEE802.11
• IEEE802.11 is a standard that is meant for local
area networking for relatively high bandwidth
data
transfer between computers or other devices.
The data transfer rate ranges from as low as 1
Mbps to
over 50 Mbps. Typical transmission range is 300
feet with a standard antenna; the range can be
greatly
improved with use of a directional high gain
antenna.
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Bluetooth (IEEE802.15.1 and .2)
• Bluetooth is a personal area network (PAN)
standard that is lower power than 802.11. It was
originally
specifi ed to serve applications such as data
transfer from personal computers to peripheral
devices such
as cell phones or personal digital assistants.
Bluetooth uses a star network topology that
supports up to
seven remote nodes communicating with a
single basestation. While some companies have
built wireless
sensors based on Bluetooth, they have not been
met with wide acceptance due to limitations of
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the Bluetooth protocol.
ZigBee
• The ZigBee™ Alliance is an association of
companies working together to enable reliable,
cost-effective,
low-power, wirelessly networked monitoring and
control products based on an open global
standard. The ZigBee alliance specifi es
the IEEE 802.15.4 as the physical and
MAC layer and is seeking to standardize
higher level applications such as
lighting control and HVAC monitoring.
It also serves as the compliance arm to
IEEE802.15.4 much as the Wi-Fi alliance
served the IEEE802.11 specification.
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Some points
•
•
•
•
1-4 protocols done
0.5 yet to be
0.4 (802.15.4) is Zigbee
0.1 (802.15.1) is Bluetooth
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