Transcript INTERNET APPLICATIONS

INTERNET APPLICATIONS
WORL WIDE WEB (W3 OR WWW)
 The world internet means network of network.
 The World wide web is mostly used in the internet.
 In 1980 first network started now its expanding all over the world as www.
 The www is an exciting area for discovery and innovation.
 It is built around the concept of hypertext.
 You can find your information at a click and search your word without a
dictionary.
 You can get songs and video on a click of the icon or hyperlink.
 A home page is the first page or a screen at a word wide web site.
 In late 1990 Tim Berners Lee a computer scientist invented WWW in
Europe.
 In 1990 a Nextcube machine was used by Berner Lee as the first web
server .
 First web server outside of the Europe was created at SLAC in 1991.
 In 1993 first free web announced by CERN.
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First graphical web browser Mosaic developed by Marc Andreeessen.
This software ran in the X windows system environment.
By 1993 there are 500 known servers .
Mosaics the world wide web consortium (W3C) was founded by Tim
Berners Lee after he left CERN in 1994.
 The WWW contains pages from around the world , users can use browsers
to browse the data electronically .
 There are variety of world wide web browsers available NCSA mosaic,
Netscape and Mac web .
 All browsers have same goal accessing and displaying WWW documents to
the users and have common capabilities.
 The location and look interface may differ but the goal of information
sharing is same for all.
Web Site & WebPages
A Web site is a collection of files stored on one or more computers. These files
are displayed as web pages . Each website has its own Uniform resource
locator .
A set of WebPages that are inter connected by hyperlink to produce a single
company or group for a purpose is called website.
The first webpage was created by Tim Berners-Lee.
Web Address:
 A Web address is the address where a particular website is located on a
computer.
 A web address starts with the letters http for ex: http:// www.dheorissa.in
 http:// www. Dheorissa.edu:80/about/lib_infotech.html
http is the type of protocol, :// it is separator it separates the protocol form
address.
www.dheorissa.edu:80 it is the site and port number where the web server is
located
about is the specify directory or folder at that site
Lib_infotech.html is the document that serves
A web site is a collection of web pages , images, videos or digital assets that is
hosted on one or more web servers usually accessible via the internet, cell
phone or LAN.
A webpage is a document typically written in HTML that is almost always
accessible via HTTP , a protocol that transfers information from the web
server to display in the users web browser.
The pages of website can usually be accessed from a common root of URL
called the homepage.
Some websites require a subscription to access some or all of their content.
Example of subscription sites include many business sites, many news sites,
academic sites, gaming sites
Types of Websites:
There are many varieties of Web sites , each specializing in particular type of
content.
Corporate website: These sites are used to provide background information
about a business, organization and services.
Commercial Site: Through these sites we purchase goods , books etc like
Amazon.com, ebay.com, paytm.com, shopclues.com, snapdeal.com
Community sites: It is a site where persons with similar interest communicate
with each other via message . Ex. Facebook, twiter, myspace
Download site: These sites are strictly used for downloading electronc
content such as software, game, music, video like, gana.com,
amaderforum.com, sofwareblogs.com
Employment site or job search site: It allows employs to post job requirement
for positions and for searching job or post job for a company. Like
naukri.com, timesjob.com, monster.com
Game site: It is a site that itself a game or play game online with many people or
alone. Ex: pogo.com, miniclip.com, zapac.com, popcap
Information sites: It contains content that is intended to inform visitors but not
necessarily for commercial purpose. Such as rate my professors.com,
encyclopedia, Wikipedia
News site: it is similar to an information site but dedicated to news and
commentary.
School site: This is a collection on which teachers or student can post
information and online books and school information are available.
Web Page:
Web page is a resource of information that is suitable for the www and can be
accessed via a browser.
This information is usually in html or xhtml and provide navigation to other
pages via hypertext.
Web pages are requested and served from web servers using http.
Web Browsers
A web browser is a software application which enables a user to display and
interact with text , images, videos , music and other information typically
located on a webpage at a website on the www or Lan .
Web browsers allow user to quickly and easily access information provided on
many WebPages at many websites by surfing.
The appearance of WebPages may differ between browsers.
Some of the Web browsers available for personal computer include internet
explorer, Mozilla, Firefox, safari, opera and flock.
A web browser have graphical user interface. User can disable the download
and viewing of image and other media to save time.
User may prefer not to use the fonts , font sizes styles and color scheme
selected by the web page designer and may apply their own styling to their
viewed version.
Internet Explorer:
Windows internet explorer abbreviated as IE is a series of graphical web
browsers developed by MS.
It has been the most widely used web browser since 1999.
The most recently release is version 8.0 which is available as free update for
windows 7 with service pack 2.
Mozilla Firefox:
Mozilla Firefox is a web browser descend from the Mozilla application suite,
managed by Mozilla corporation.
It has been named as the best web browser annually since 2005.
Firefox uses the open-source layout engine, which implements some current
web standards plus a few features.
It includes browsing, spell checker , incremental find , live book marking,
download manager and integrated search system.
It runs on various versions of operating system.
Safari:
Safari is a web browser developed by Apple Incand include in Mac OS X.
It was first released on january 7 2003 and is the default web browser for
MAC.
A beta version of it launch on june 11 2007 for windows xp, vista.
Opera:
It is a web browser and internet suite developed by the Norwegian opera
software company.
It is free for personal computer and mobile phone but for other device it must
be paid.
Features of opera include high performance, tabbed browsing, page zooming,
mouse gestures and an integrated download manager.
It security features include built-in phishing protection, strong encryption,
when browsing secure websites and the ability to delete private data such
as cookies and browsing history by clicking bottom.
It is currently fourth most widely used web browser in Widows xp, mac. Linux.
Google Chrome:
The main user interface of this browser include back, forward, refresh,
bookmark, go, and cancel options.
It show option which takes the user to nine website preview see on new tab.
Like the other browser it has full screen mode that hide the windows tab bar.
It include gear which added feature for web development.
The omnibox is the URL box at the top of the each tab, which combines the
functionalities of both URL box and search box.
Tabs are primary component of chromes user interface.
Each tab has its own set of controls including the omnibox.
Chrome allows user to make local desktop shortcuts that open web
application in the browser.
Name of the
Browser
Developed by
Year of initial
release
Written in
OS
compatibility
Mozilla Fire
Fox
Mozilla
Corporation
2004
Java script,
C++
Cross Platform
Internet
Explorer
Microsoft Inc
1995
Visual Basic
MS Windows
Safari
Apple Inc
2003
Mac OS,
Windows ,
Iphone OS
Opera
Opera
software ASA
1997
Cross platform
Google
Chrome
Google Inc
2008
Java Script
MS Windows
Xp
Search Engine
A web search engine designed to search for information on the world wide
web. Information my consist of web pages, image and other type of files.
Google is the most successful engine currently available.
The very first tool used for searching on the internet was Archie in 1990 by alan
Emtage. The rise of Gopher created in 1991 by Mark McCahil.
The first web search engine was Wandex by Matthew Gray in 1993.
Around 2000 the Google search engine came, also yahoo was providing search
services.
A search engine operates in the following order:
1. Web Crawling
2. Indexing
3. Searching
A crawler is a program that visits Web sites and reads their pages and other
information in order to create entries for a search engine index.
Web search engines work by storing information about many web pages ,
which they retrieve from WWW itself. These pages are retrieved by web
Crawler.
Data about web pages are stored in an index database for use in later quires.
Some search engine such as Google store all part of the source page as well
as information about the web pages.
This cached page always holds the actual search text since it is the one that
was actually indexed.
Increased search relevance makes these cached pages very useful.
When a user enters a query into a search engine , the engine examines its
index and provides a listing of matching web pages.
The usefulness of a search engine depends upon the relevance of the result
set it gives back.
Most web search engines are commercial venture supported by advertising
revenue and as a result search engine have set priority more which
provide more revenue.
The vast majority of search engine are run by private companies using
proprietary algorithms closed database, though some are open source .
Some of the search engine are Alta Vista, Excite, Infoseek, Lycos, WebCrawler,
Yahoo, Yahooligans, Magellan, Go To, Google , Dejanews, Quick Reference
Alta Vista:It is from digital equipment corporation is the latest spider search tool.
You have to access to all the words found in millions of web pages. It does not
maintain a systematical index or catalogue. It also offers full text search of
most news groups.
All lowercase letters in a word indicate a case insensitive match.
Excite:Excite is your guide to the internet and more. It contains lots of information for
you to search web pages, two week of Usenet news and classified adds.
It is the best way to find exactly the information you are sure you want.
Search Field: Contents, Usenet News and News Group, Classified,
Advertisement
Search Option: Substring/Word/Phrase, Multiple keywords, Case insensitive.
Lycos:It uses a spider to extract information from web site regularly.
The results are merged weekly into its systematic catalogue. Lycos indexes nontext internet resources including graphics , sounds, full-motion video and
executable programs.
Search Field: URLs/Links, Gopher limited, FTP limited, Titles, Headings,
Contents
Search option: Substring/Word, Multiple keywords, match mode and or ,
Number or type of keywords, Case in-sensitive, Limit number of matches
Display option : Standard , Summery, Detailed.
Web Crawler:
The web crawler (now operated by America online) gathers indexes of the
total contents of documents. The contents of documents are indexed,
including their titles and URLs.
Search Field: Titles, URLs/Links, Content No meta-tags( Keywords, description,
classification, author)
Search Option: Substring/Word, Multiple Keywords (AND/OR)
Yahoo:
Started in 1994 by David Fillo and Jerry yang, Yahoo.com was originally a
directory of websites that later became its own crawler-based engine in
2002. It features an hierarchically organized subject oriented tree.
This search engine doest not rely on spider ,it is reviewed by human.
Search field: Subjects, Titles, URLs, Comments
Search option: Substring/Word/Phrase, Multiple keyword (AND/OR) , Case
sensitive, Limit Number of matches.
Google:
Launched in 1998 by Larry page and Sergey Brin, is the most popular search
engine globally.
Google searches over 1.3 million sites more quickly, to bring you the most
relevant results.
The heart of the Google search engine is page rank, a system for ranking web
pages developed by founder member Larry page and Sergey Brin.
To enter a query into Google just type in a few descriptive words and hit the
enter key or search bottom.
A list of other search engine is given below.
Bing:-Launched in 2009 by Microsoft, first it provide search to yahoo now it
provides search tool for MSN and Microsoft live search.
Ask:- Formally known as Ask Jeeves or Askjeeves.com, It was funded in 1996
with the idea of following users to get answers to questions posted in
everyday, natural language as well as traditional keyword searching tool.
It also include support for math, dictionary, and conversion questions.
Teoma:- Founded in 2000 by a professor and his colleagues at Rutgers
University , It was acquired by Ask Jeeves in 2001.In may 2010 it was
relaunched .
Duck Duck Go:- Founded in sept 2008 by Gabriel Weinberg, DuckDuckGo.com
(DDG) prides itself on respecting user privacy. It compiles its search result by
crawling many sources including DuckDuckBot, crowd source sites .
Entireweb:- Originally launched in 2000, It launched their international search
engine entire web 3.0 on april 2010 to compete with the current market.
Blekko:- It launched on nov 2010, is quickly becoming known as the “slashtag”
search engine. It allow you to quickly to create custom search engines and
searches. It also offers some of the best free search engine optimization and
webmaster analysis tools.
Srub The Web:- A search engine that has been around since 1996, It claims to rank
all indexed pages individually with all pages getting an equal caance to ranking
high.
Gigablast:- Launched in 2000, it aims to index up to 200 billion pages with the
least hardware possible.
Popular search engine : Raftar.in, Guruji.in, Khoj.in , Baidu.in , Sogou.in, Yado.in,
Yandex.in
File Downloading & Uploading
Download:Downloading is the process of getting web pages, images and files from a web
server. When users are copying this file to their computer, they
are downloading it. Website that offers streaming media such as YouTube
cannot have down load permission to your computer directly.
Download is used to mean receive and save instead of simply receive.
Upload:- Uploading is the process of putting web pages, images and files onto a
web server. To make a file visible to everyone on the internet, you will need
to upload it.
Chatting:Chat is a text-based communication that is live or in real-time. For example,
when talking to someone in chat any typed text is received by other
participants immediately. It is also a very cost effective way to communicate
with your friends and relative.
A chat can also be conducted using sound or sound and video, assuming you
have the bandwidth access and the appropriate programming.
A client is an application that runs on a personal computer and relies on
server to perform some operations for ex: an email client is an application
that enables you to send and receive email.
Some system use for chat AOL instant messenger, MSN messenger, Gtalk,
Yahoo messenger, We chart, Skype.
Web Chat:- There are many web chat system on the internet to access chat
services. AOL instant messenger lets you
 See when your friends are online,
 Exchange instant message with them
 Participate in group chat
 Share files such as pictures, invitation or documents
 Find new friends
Following thing you do not do during chat:
 Do not participate in off-topic discussion.
 Do not use explicit/vulgar language
 Do not exploit a minor
 Do not discuss or incite illegal activity.
 Do not offer sale product or services.
 Do not infringe on anyone else's intellectual property rights.
 Do not harvest screen names.
 Do not impersonate or represent any ISP , ISP staff or community leaders.
Screen Names:Screen names are used to uniquely identify participant in the chatting community.
You can pick any name following names are available
Jack121, Pakipower, Stupid, Softone47, Mjwhale7916, Prben1229, I am cool
Emotions:Emotions are symbols used to express your emotions while writting chat or mail.
: ) = smile
: -) = smile
(-: = left handed smile
:-/ = perplexed or confused
:-D = really big grin
: - ( = sad
; -( = crying
:-o = surprised or shocked
:-O = really surprised or shocked
;-) = wink
8-) = big eyes smile or smile with glasses
Acronym used in chat or email
BK = back
BAK = back at keyboard
BBL = be back later
BBS = be back soon
BBFN = bye bye for now
BFN = bye for now
BRB = be right back
BRBGGP = be right back gotta go potty
BTW = by the way
CRAFT = can't remember a fricking thing
CRS = can't remember stuff (or use your imagination for S)
CU = see you
CUL8R = see you later
CYA = see ya
Internet Relay Chat (IRC):IRC is a vast network of clients and servers and can be thought of as a mass
text based teleconferencing system. The clients are connected to the
servers which are connected to each other in a kind of expanding tree.
When you sent text to a channel on IRC the message is sent to each server
that has clients on the particular channel, and each server relay message
to its clients.
Internet Relay Chat is a multi user multi channel chat system that is run on
the internet. It gives people all over the world the ability to talk to one
another in real time.
Email and Its Features:E-mail shortly for Electronic mail and often abbreviated as e-mail . It based on
the simple mail transfer protocol SMTP and to intranet systems allowing
users within one organization to e-mail each other. Email is often used to
deliver bulk unsolicited message or spam but filter programs exist which
can automatically delete some. When the sender sends the message the
email server receives it and then it directs the message to the recipient
computer.
Features of Email:Email is a push technology: It is delivered to the recipient so they do not have
to work to get it.
Pull: These technologies require the user to actively go and retrieve the
information. A library , the web and user net are pull technologies.
Push: These technology deliver information to the user so all they have to do
is receive it. Radio, TV and email are push.
Email Waits for you:- It waits for you and fits into your schedule instead of
demanding that you structure your activity. Email waits until you login and
check your inbox.
Email is one to many:- You an send a mail to several recipient at a time.
Emails the most successful one to many technology with respect to both
sending and receiving.
Mailing list and news group mailing list:A mailing list is a collection of email address grouped together under one
name. Instead of sending mail to a list of individual , you can mail to the
name of address group.
Joining mailing list is an excellent way to connect with others on the internet.
If a mailing list is too burden , you should unsubscribe.
Type of mailing list:
i.
Moderate or unmoderate list
ii. Open or Owner –approved subscription list.
iii. Open or closed list
On a moderate list all messages posted to the list are received first by the
editor who then has the discretion to forward the message to the other
members of the list.
On an unmoderated list every message posted to the list is automatically
distributed to every member of the list.
Open and owner approved subscriptions refer to how you subscribe to a list .
Open subscriptions are anyone who want to join the list send a message to
the listserv program at the host machine and automatically subscribed.
On an owner approved subscription list requests to join are forwarded to a
list of owner who approves or disapproves the subscription.
News Groups:Contrary to the name there is actually very little news in the news groups.
News group are basically an electronic bulletin board.
A newsgroup is a discussion about a particular subject consisting of notes
written to a central Internet site and redistributed through Usenet, a
worldwide network of news discussion groups. Usenet uses the Network
News Transfer Protocol (NNTP).
Newsgroups are organized into subject hierarchies, with the first few letters
of the newsgroup name indicating the major subject category and subcategories represented by a subtopic name.
Many subjects have multiple levels of subtopics. Some major subject
categories are: news, rec (recreation), soc (society), sci (science), comp
(computers), and so forth (there are many more).
Internet telephony system
IP telephony or VOIP voice over internet protocol is the transmission of
telephone calls over a data network.
This is accomplished by packetization of the voice stream. VOIP enables users
to make telephone calls over a data network like the internet.
VOIP converts the voice signal from the telephone into digital signals that can
be transmitted across the data network.
At the receiving end the signals converted into voice.
Benefits:
IP telephony may use a single infrastructure for providing both internet access
data and internet telephony voice. Only data oriented switches need to be
deployed fro moving data as well as packetized voice.
IP telephony solutions provides immediate cost reduction in both
maintenance of HW and SW.
It provides facility of multimedia conferencing , collaborative contact centers,
and interactive multi media response system.
Components:
i.
End devices : These may be IP phones traditional telephones or audio
equipped personal computers.
ii.
Gateways: Handle signal translations between traditional telephone
equipment and IP network devices.
iii. Gatekeepers/Proxies: The gatekeepers provide centralized call
management functions such as user location , authentication ,
bandwidth management, address translation.
Bluetooth:Bluetooth is an open wireless technology standard for exchanging
information over short distance now avail be in all mobile phone and
laptop and palmtop. This technology creates a secure wireless personal
area network called PAN. It uses short wavelength radio waves of
frequency 2500mhz.
Application:
i. Wireless control and communication between a mobile phone and
handsfree head set.
ii.
iii.
iv.
v.
Wireless communication between the CPU and different peripheral
devices of PC.
Wireless bridge between two industrial Ethernets .
Dial up internet access on personal computers.
Personal security application on mobile phones prevention of theft and
loss of valuable items.