Transcript Chapter 10

Chapter
The Client Side of
Networking
10
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol Suite
File and Print Clients on Private Networks
Connecting to the Internet
Internet Clients
Troubleshooting Common Network Client Problems
Learning Objectives
 Apply basic TCP/IP knowledge and skills
 Use a file and print client to connect to shares
 List methods for connecting to the Internet
 Identify and configure common Internet clients
 Troubleshoot common client connection
problems
2
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 TCP/IP is a suite of protocols that work together to
allow similar and dissimilar systems to
communicate
 The two core protocols are Transmission Control
Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP)
 TCP/IP protocol is automatically installed
in Windows when a network card is present
3
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
 Responsible for the accurate delivery of messages
 Verifies and resends pieces that fail to reach the
destination
 TCP has several sub-protocols
4
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP)
 Packages communications in chunks, called packets
 Allows a computer to be identified by a logical
address called an IP address
 Each packet is given a header that contains
information including the source address (local
host address) and the destination address
 Special routing protocols can use a destination IP
address to choose the best route for a packet to take
5
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)
 IP has several sub-protocols
 IP addresses are very important
 A computer cannot communicate on a
TCP/IP network without a valid IP address
6
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)
 IP Addressing Fundamentals



An IP address is assigned to a network adapter
When a modem and LAN adapter are present, each
connects a computer to a different network
A desktop computer usually has only a single network
device connecting it to a specific network, so that is the
only address by which the computer is known on that
network
7
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)
 IP Addressing Fundamentals (continued)
 An IP address has four parts in dotted decimal
format
 Example: 192.168.100.48
 Four sets of base-10 numbers (decimal)
 Each number is within 0 to 255
 Rules determine how these numbers are used
8
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)
 IP Addressing Fundamentals (continued)



4.3 billion possible IP addresses
Allocation methods have reduced the usable number
Current version IP Protocol 4 (IPv4)
9
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)
 Which addresses can be used?

Public Addresses




Assigned to hosts on the Internet
A host is any computer or device that has an IP address
Source address must be unique on the entire Internet
Destination address must be unique on the entire Internet
10
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)
 Which addresses can be used? (continued)

Public Addresses (continued)
 Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) allocates
numbers to Regional Internet Registries (RIRs)
 RIRs allocate numbers to ISPs
 ISPs allocate numbers to customers
11
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)
 Which addresses can be used? (continued)

Private Addresses




They are not to be used on the Internet
Used in private IP networks
No permissions required
An address from one of three ranges of IP addresses
 10.0.0.0 through 10.255.255.255
 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255
 192.168.0.0 through 192.168.255.255
12
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)
 Which addresses can be used? (continued)

Private Addresses (continued)
 To connect to the Internet, each data packet with
a private source address must be intercepted,
repackaged, and given a public IP address as its
source address before being sent out onto the Internet
 If there is a response, each packet will be repackaged
and returned to the private address
 An Internet router substitutes (or translates) a private
IP address to a unique Internet IP address
13
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)
 How Does a Host Get an IP Address?

Static Address Assignment
 Manually configured for a host
 In most organizations, static IP addressing is done
only on servers, network printers, and network devices
 Network administrator will provide on a LAN
 ISP will provide for an Internet connection (if needed)
 Enter in TCP/IP properties for the network connection
14
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)
 How Does a Host Get an IP Address? (continued)

Automatic Address Assignment (DHCP and APIPA)
 Methods by which a computer can be assigned an IP
address, and all the additional configuration settings,
automatically.
 Most organizations do Automatic IP addressing via Dynamic
Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server
 If no DHCP server responds, a DHCP client may selfassign via Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
15
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)
 IP Configuration Settings

Subnet Mask
 As critical as the address itself
 Divides IP address into two parts: Host ID and Net ID
 Example:
 IP address 192.168.100.48
 Mask of 255.255.255.0
 Host ID = 48
 Net ID = 192.168.100
16
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)
 IP Configuration Settings (continued)

How masking works in binary math





IP address of 192.168.100.2
In binary = 11000000.10101000.01100100.00000010
Mask of 255.255.255.0
In binary = 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000
Masking results in
 Net ID of 192.168.100
 Host ID of 2
17
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)

IP Configuration Settings (continued)
 Default Gateway
 IP address of the router on the LAN
 Net ID of the default gateway address should
be identical to that of the IP address
 Router directs traffic beyond the local network
 Without this, traffic will not travel beyond local network
 Example: router connects network 192.168.100 to other
networks
 Any packet for other networks is sent to default gateway
18
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)
 IP Configuration Settings

DNS Servers
 Domain Name System (DNS) is a distributed online
database
 Names mapped to IP addresses
 Thousands of name servers maintain this distributed
database
 DNS client queries a DNS server to determine the IP
address of a web site
 A query of "mcgraw-hill.com" returns 198.45.18.151
19
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)
 IP Configuration Settings (continued)

DNS Servers (continued)
 Two DNS Server addresses in Windows IP configuration
 Preferred DNS server is contacted with queries
 Alternate DNS server is contacted ONLY after
no response from Preferred server
20
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)
 IP Configuration Settings (continued)

Advanced TCP/IP Settings
 DNS
 Add more than two DNS servers
 Change the order in which the DNS servers are used
 Allows the DNS client to request a name search for a
domain name when an incomplete name is entered
 WINS
 Enter WINS servers
 WINS resolves NetBIOS names to IP addresses
21
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)
 IP Configuration Settings (continued)

Advanced TCP/IP Settings (continued)
 WINS
 NetBIOS over TCP/IP automatically installed with
TCP/IP
 NetBIOS used in Microsoft workgroups, NT domains,
and Active Directory domains with a mixture of new
and old.
22
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Understanding the TCP/IP Protocol
Suite
 Internet Protocol (IP) (continued)
 IP Configuration Settings (continued)

Viewing an IP Configuration with IPCONFIG






A command line command
Displays the IP configuration of network interfaces
Displays information on static or DHCP clients
Available in all versions of Windows but Windows 95
In Windows 95 use WINIPCFG
IPCONFIG /all displays all IP configurations for all
network interfaces
23
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
File and Print Clients on Private
Networks
 File and print client for each file sharing
protocol




Microsoft's Server Message Block (SMB)
Novell's NetWare Core Protocol (NCP)
Common Internet File System (CIFS)
Network File System (NFS)
24
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
File and Print Clients on Private
Networks
 Client for Microsoft Networks
 Automatically installed and enabled in Windows
 Can see computers with file and printer sharing
turned on
 SMB and CIFS
 View servers and shares in My Computer | My
Network Places
 Connecting to shares depends on permissions
25
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
File and Print Clients on Private
Networks
 Novell Clients
 Microsoft’s Client Service for NetWare







Not automatically installed on a Windows computer
One comes with each version of Windows
Can be installed optionally, if needed
After installation complete Select NetWare Logon dialog
box
Select a NetWare server or an NDS tree and context
Microsoft client for Novell is less capable than Novell’s
Used when just a few Novell file and printer servers
26
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
File and Print Clients on Private
Networks
Step-by-Step 10.01
Install the Client Service for NetWare
Page 489
27
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
File and Print Clients on Private
Networks
 Novell Clients
 Novell Client by Novell for Windows





Available for free from Novell
Preferred in a Novell network
Better tools for use by Novell administrators
Separate Novell clients for Windows versions and other
OSs
Download from www.novell.com
28
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
File and Print Clients on Private
Networks
 Connecting Client to Shares
 Connecting to a file share




Browse to a share using My Computer or Windows
Explorer
Use a Universal Naming Convention (UNC) name in
Internet Explorer or Windows Explorer
Search for it in an AD domain
UNC name is used on Microsoft networks
 Syntax: \\servername\sharename
 Example: \\wickenburg\data
29
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
File and Print Clients on Private
Networks
 Connecting Client to Shares (continued)
 Connecting to a file share (continued)

Mapping assigns local unused drive letter to a network
share
 Select Tools | Map Network Drive
30
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
File and Print Clients on Private
Networks
Step-by-Step 10.02
Connecting to a Share
Page 492
31
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
File and Print Clients on Private
Networks
 Connecting Client to Shares (continued)
 Connecting Clients to Shared Printers



Connecting to printers using UNC names
Connecting to printers using IPP
Adding a standard TCP/IP printer
32
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
File and Print Clients on Private
Networks
Step-by-Step 10.03
Connecting to a Shared Printer
Page 494
33
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Connecting to the Internet
 Internet Service Providers
 Provide Internet access to individuals or companies
 May offer other Internet-related services
 Examples:




Ground Control (www.groundcontrol.com) satellite Internet
service
T-Mobile (www.tmobile.com) cellular Internet service
Local telephone companies provide ISP services for
dial-up and DSL customers
Comcast (www.comcast.com) cable Internet service
34
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Connecting to the Internet
 Computer-to-Internet vs. LAN-to-Internet
 Computer may have a direct Internet connection
 Computer may connect to the Internet through a LAN
 Wired Connectivity Technologies
 Dial-up Connections





Use traditional phone system
Inexpensive WAN option
56Kbps
Need ISP service
Cannot use voice and data on same line
35
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Connecting to the Internet
 Wired Connectivity Technologies (continued)
 Dial-up Connections (continued)

Installing a Modem




Verify modem works
Connect external modem to computer and power
Internal modem is turned on with computer
Install from Phone and Modem Options applet in
Control Panel
36
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Connecting to the Internet
Step-by-Step 10.04
Installing a Modem in Windows
Page 499
37
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Connecting to the Internet
 Wired Connectivity Technologies (continued)
 Dial-up Connections (continued)

Creating a Dial-up Connection




New Connection Wizard in Windows XP
AOL or CompuServe have separate installation programs
Initiate a dial-up session using the connection applet
Internet browsers and e-mail clients can be configured
to open connection when the application is started
38
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Connecting to the Internet
Step-by-Step 10.05
Configuring a Dial-up Client
Page 502
39
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Connecting to the Internet
 Wired Connectivity Technologies (continued)
 High-Speed Connections

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN)







Digital phone service
Special modem and phone service
Up to 128Kbps
Slightly higher cost than modem dial-up
Rarely used in homes in the U.S.
Simultaneously supports data, voice and fax machine
Dropping out of favor due to better alternatives
40
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Connecting to the Internet
 Wired Connectivity Technologies (continued)
 High Speed Connections (continued)

Digital Subscriber Line (DSL)
 Uses advanced digital signal processing over telephone
network
 Requires changes in components on telephone network
 Simultaneously supports data, voice and fax machine
 Dedicated circuit from home or office to central office
 Several xDSL versions available:
 ADSL, SDSL, HDSL, VDSL
41
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Connecting to the Internet
 Wired Connectivity Technologies (continued)
 High Speed Connections (continued)

T-Carrier System
 T-1
 24 individual channels transmitting 64 Kbps each
 Combined throughput of 1.544Mbps
 Fractional T-1
 One or more individual T-1 channels
 Cheaper alternative to T-1
 T-3
 672 channels with combined throughput of 44.736Mbps
 Most expensive
42
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Connecting to the Internet
 Wired Connectivity Technologies (continued)
 High Speed Connections (continued)

Cable
 Cable modem service
 Cable television networks sell a portion of bandwidth
for data
 Faster than common telephone lines
 Simultaneously supports data, audio, and video
 Signal is shared
 Increase in number of users decreases
bandwidth
to each user
43
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Connecting to the Internet
 Wireless Connectivity Technologies
 Wireless WAN (WWAN) Connections






Covers a large geographical area
Accessible to mobile users
Fully bidirectional
Basic WWAN services offers 1 to 10Mb
Speeds over 100 Mbps with dedicated equipment
Requires antenna tuned to proper radio frequency
44
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Connecting to the Internet
 Wireless Connectivity Technologies (continued)
 Satellite





For areas without a wired network that can support
broadband
Used for a significant percentage of all worldwide ISP
links to the Internet backbone and to customers
Estimated 10% of worldwide broadband traffic in 2003
involved satellite communications
Used for mobile communications by the armed forces,
businesses, and individuals
Faster downstream than upstream
45
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Connecting to the Internet
 Wireless Connectivity Technologies (continued)
 Satellite (continued)





Requires an earth-based communications station
consisting of a Transceiver (satellite dish) and a Modemlike device
Satellite dish pointed at a data satellite
Modem connected to the dish and computer or LAN
Mobile installation more expensive than stationary
Satellite links to a land-based operations center which
routes signals to the Internet
46
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Connecting to the Internet
 Wireless Connectivity Technologies (continued)
 WLAN Connections

802.11a
 Speeds up to 54 Mb
 Most public access to WLANs do not use this
standard
 Uses the 5-GHz band

802.11b
 Speeds up to 11Mbps
 Compatible with most WLAN access points
 Uses the 2.4-GHz band
47
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Connecting to the Internet
 Wireless Connectivity Technologies (continued)
 WLAN Connections (continued)

802.11g




Speeds up to 54Mbps
Sustained throughput of 25Mbps
Uses the 2.4-GHz bank
Downward compatible with 802.11b
48
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Connecting to the Internet
 Sharing an Internet Connection
 Sharing a Dial-up Connection



Share with other computers on a LAN or WLAN
Windows 98 SE, Windows Me, Windows 2000, and
Windows XP have connection features
Sharing a Broadband Connection


Share from a single computer
Share through a broadband router
49
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Connecting to the Internet
 Using a Virtual Private Network
 Makes connections to a private network over the
Internet more secure
 Remote access VPN over dial-up connections
 Site-to-site VPN connects two networks
 Creates a “tunnel” between endpoints
 Additional security with data encrypting and
authentication of endpoints
50
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internet Clients
 Web Browsers
 Simplify navigation of the Web
 Translate plain text language into rich, colorful pages
 Netscape Navigator
 Internet Explorer
 Others


Firefox from Mozilla
Opera
51
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internet Clients
 Web Browsers (continued)
 Browser Configuration Options


In Netscape Navigator select Edit | Preferences |
Navigator
In Internet Explorer select Tools | Internet Options
General
Privacy
Connections
Advanced
Security
Content
Programs
52
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internet Clients
 E-Mail Clients
 Scope of Internet e-mail exploded in two decades
 Mail client may be specific to the mail server
 Mail client may be capable of accessing a variety
of servers
 Mail client retrieves messages and displays list of
all messages
 User selects, responds, saves, creates new, adds
attachments to outgoing, and sends messages
53
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internet Clients
 E-Mail Clients (continued)
 Outlook




Separate product or included with Microsoft Office
Client to Exchange and other mail services
Core e-mail features
Additional productivity features
54
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internet Clients
 E-Mail Clients (continued)
 Outlook Express





Bundled with Windows
E-mail client and news reader
Lacks features of Outlook
Internet e-mail accounts only
Multiple e-mail accounts
55
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internet Clients
 E-Mail Clients (continued)
 Configuring and Using an E-Mail Client

Information needed





Type of mail server (POP3, IMAP, or HTTP)
Account name and password
DNS name of incoming mail server
Name of outgoing mail server
Obtain information from:
 ISP for Internet mail service
 Network administrator for internal mail service
56
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internet Clients
Step-by-Step 10.06
Configure an E-Mail Client
Page 518
57
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internet Clients
 FTP Clients
 FTP transfers files between FTP servers and clients
 Simple and fast file transfer over TCP/IP
 Pre-WWW FTP clients character-based
 Now a variety of GUI FTP clients
 Dedicated FTP clients have more features
 Anonymous FTP
58
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internet Clients
 FTP Clients (continued)
 Anonymous FTP



User name and password not required
Users connect using Anonymous account
Users have permissions assigned to Anonymous
59
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Internet Clients
 FTP Clients (continued)
 Configuring an FTP client

Information needed




Host name of the FTP server
User ID and password (if applicable)
Account (if applicable)
Passive mode and/SSL connections (if applicable)
60
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting Common Network
Client Problems
 Testing IP Configurations and Connectivity
 Verifying IP Configuration with IPCONFIG
 Troubleshooting connection Errors with PING
61
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting Common Network
Client Problems
Step-by-Step 10.07
Testing an IP Configuration
Page 522
62
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting Common Network
Client Problems
 Troubleshooting Connection Problems with
TRACERT





Discover why a connection to a web site is slow
Traces the route taken by packets
Pings each of the intervening routers
Shows time of response from each router
Reveals bottlenecks
63
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting Common Network
Client Problems
 Troubleshooting DNS Errors by Using PING,
NETSTAT, and NSLOOKUP

“Cannot find server or DNS Error?”


Name resolution?
Connectivity problem?





PING IP address
PING domain name
Use another computer to connect to web site
Use NETSTAT to discover IP address
Troubleshoot DNS with NSLOOKUP
64
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Troubleshooting Common Network
Client Problems
 Troubleshooting Logon Problems
 60-80% of help desk calls involve forgotten
password
 Avoid problems by memorizing passwords
 After a logon failure



Ensure that Caps Lock is not on, and carefully reenter
If correct user name and password were used and failed,
treat it like a connectivity problem
If no connectivity problem, call network admin or ISP
65
McGraw-Hill/Irwin
© 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.