Transcript Mobile networks

Internet and Mobile Networks
It’s about the people and a little bit about the technologies
Timo Ali-Vehmas
[email protected]
TKK/TIK 109.4300/TAV 2006
Introduction
Intuition
Flow
Case1
Example1
Case2
Example2
Observations
Introduction
Intuition
Case1
Case2
Example1
Example2
Observations
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Introduction
What is Really New ?
Intuition
Case1
Case2
Example1
Example2
Observations
There have been only very few major discontinuities in the history of information
processing and distribution
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Genetic information process
Non Voice process
Voice based process
Speech based process
Process based on Writing
Process based on Printing
Process based on p2p TeleCommunications
Process based on MassCommunications
Process based on Unlimited Connectivity less than
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2000 000 000 ..4000 000 000 years ago
500 000 000…1000 000 000 years ago
300 000 000 years ago
1 000 000 years ago
10 000 years ago
500 years ago
150 years ago
100 years ago
10 years ago
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Introduction
Observations….
Intuition
Case1
Example1
Case2
Example2
Observations
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Social interactions of the people are the driving the use of information
processing and communications
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For the first time in the history, we have a platform, which can extend
the face to face social interactions over the globe, in practice
uncompromised, Supporting the power law distribution of links between
people.
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Separation of technology (connectivity) and social interaction
(functional)
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Mobility is one of the main elements of post-modern society
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Introduction
Long Waves of History
Intuition
Case1
Example1
Case2
Example2
Observations
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Centralized and Distributed
Double Helix
Centrex
Nortel
Siemens
National PTTs
AT&T
Local Telephone
Companies
A Bell
PBX
AT&T
Nortel
Google Talk
Mobile VoIP
Internet
VoiP, Skype
IP PBX, Cisco, Lucent, Siemens,NEC...
Standardize
Differentiate
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Ref.
Mark Gaynor
Jarkko Vesa
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Introduction
Intuition
What is What ?
Case1
Example1
Case2
Example2
Observations
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Innovation and Differentiation
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Utility, Value
Applications
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Standardization
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Value
Social networks
Reed
Applications
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Interconnection
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More the same
Business networks
Metcalfe
System model
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Centralized, on System component
level, System design of devices
Performance and cost
Utilization of standard components
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
Social Compatibility
Application, Technology Service
Diffusion
Dominant design
Interconnection
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Value Capture, Cost
Inter business system compatibility
Global compatibility of services
System model
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Centralized on system level
Intra System Compatibility
Multi vendor
Performance cost
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Introduction
How to define a System ?
Intuition
Case1
Example1
Case2
Example2
Observations
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System (= Dependencies)
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Input/Processing/Output
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Complex System
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MIMO
Pan-Causality
Perception is Reality
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SISO model
Clock Cycle based System
identification
Standardization, a system
between regulation and
commercial operations
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Ref
Heikki Hyötyniemi
Kybernetiikan Alkeet
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Some Characteristics of the Internet and
Mobile Systems
Introduction
Intuition
Case1
Example1
Case2
Example2
Observations
Internet
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Applications
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Interconnection
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Flat horizontal “dumb” network
Low value, Low cost
Simple but efficient transport
Mainly best effort (Good enough)
Regulative requirements
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Common protocol set
Peering, Volume based
System model
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End to End between peers
Individual innovation
Low
Standardization
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Strong de Facto models (IETF, W3C,
IEEE,..)
Approved directly or indirectly later by
some SDO’s (ANSI, ITU.....)
Applications and Protocols stand-alone
or as part of products and components
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Mobile networks
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Applications
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Interconnection
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Vertical, application sensitive network
High value of guaranteed service
High complexity and cost
Guaranteed level of Service
Regulative requirements
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Dedicated interconnection protocols
Clearing house, Value based
System model
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Centralized (Core Network) control
Centralized standardized innovation
Quite strong
Standardization
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National and regional SDO’s (ETSI, ANSI,
ARIB, ETRI, ITU) delegating power to
International projects, (3GPP, 3GPP2,
OMA,..)
Interworking Systems, Systems and
Compatible products and services
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Introduction
Focus on Mobile Standardization
Intuition
Case1
Example1
Case2
Example2
Observations
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Applications based exiting non-mobile applications
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Mobile specific applications technologies
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WAP Forum, Wireless Village, Liberty Alliance,..
OMA consolidating and further developing application related technologies for Mobile domain
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Mobile operators’ proprietary Innovation
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I-Mode, Vodafone Live,...
Interconnection standardization has a long history
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Device Management, Browsing, Push Over Cellular, Location...
ITU recommendations, SS7, E164,...
Mobile system specific Interconnection based on the experience of GSM MAP/CAMEL
3GPP and 3GPP2 maintain and develop further mobile domain specific protocols
System modules, Vertically optimized Radio and Network technologies for 100%
Compatibility
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3GPP
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Core network evolution, Circuit core, GPRS, IMS
GSM, GERAN (EDGE) evolution, almost completed
WCDMA, UTRAN evolution, gaining strength, HSDPA, HSUPA, HSPA+
OFDMA Packet only technology emerging, LTE
3GPP2
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Core network evolution, Circuit core, PDSN/PDGN, IMS
CDMA2000 evolution based on the narrow band CDMA (originally IS-95)
CDMA2000 DO packet optimized radio
CDMA2000 Long term evolution just emerging
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Introduction
Focus on Internet Standardization
Intuition
Case1
Case2
Example1
Example2
Observations
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Applications based on open technologies but a lot of proprietary extensions
 Basic application technologies
 W3C, Web 2.0, XML, HTML,
 IETF, POP, IMAP,
 Utilized by Individual innovation, Proprietary specifications
 Skype, Microsoft, Cisco, ...
 Open source implementation challenge
 IBM, RedHat, MontaVista, ...Mozilla, Apache,...
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Interconnection based on the open IETF protocols with semi-open extension
 TCP/IP is the corner stone
 IPv4 and IPv6, Mobile IP
 Tunneling, Low Intelligence in the Network
 Routing, MPLS
 Security
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System modules, Transparent Radio technologies from IEEE with semi-open
extensions
 IEEE802
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.11
.15
.16
.21
Industry Forums
WLAN, WiFi
UWB
WiMax
Interworking
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Introduction
Stories of technology leveraging, IMS
Intuition
Case1
Case2
Example1
Example2
Observations
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IMS, Internet Multimedia Subsystem
 3GPP initiative to allow significant net services to evolve in the mobile operators’
networks
 Collaboration of IETF and 3GPP (Technology leveraging of SIP technologies)
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Transport and Access independent service system
 Interworking with the legacy
 Control functions of all the IMS services
 VoIP.. CoIP
 Online services, Games
 Group services, Chat, presence
 Access independence
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WCDMA
CDMA2000
WLAN
WIMAX
DSL
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Introduction
IMS Adoption status
Intuition
Case1
Case2
Example1
Example2
Observations
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IMS idea is adopted broadly
IMS has many names
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IMS business is now emerging
IMS maintains the mobile operators’ value chain model
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Introduction
Stories of technology leveraging, UMA
Intuition
Case1
Case2
Example1
Example2
Observations
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Unlicensed Mobile Access
 Initiative in 3GPP to support Mobile operators’ customers where the cellular
network is not competitive
 Collaboration of 3GPP and IEEE
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Tunneling though WLAN and BT access
 Improved coverage
 Service continuation
 Cost savings for the operator !
 Cost savings for the end user ?
 Single terminal
 Application portability
 Terminal services
 Operator services
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UMA Follows and Mobile
operators’ value system model
Access to Internet ?
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Stories of technology leveraging,
Skype
Introduction
Intuition
Case1
Example1
Case2
Example2
Observations
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Skype to work in the 3G networks of 3 and ePlus
 Standard 3G GPRS Packet bearer
 Flat rate charging model ?
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Community Compatibility
 Transparent 3G network
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Skype on Mobile networks follow the Internet model
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Introduction
Intuition
Convergence start with Technology
Case1
Example1
Case2
Example2
Observations
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Technology itself is neutral
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Competition
Competition
Competition
Competition
Competition
Competition
based
based
based
based
based
based
on
on
on
on
on
on
the
the
the
the
the
the
laws of physics
regulative acceptance (spectrum..)
adoption by standardization bodies
adoption by value systems
adoption of operators within value systems
adoption of the end users
 Competition based on the inter-working
 Competition based on the price ( cost ) of the primary service
 Competition based on the innovation and re-use
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Good Ideas and Technologies will be re-used
Ref Rogers
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Introduction
Consolidating, Converging, Diverging
Intuition
Case1
Example1
Case2
Example2
Observations
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Technology is neutral
 Technologies may be developed further forever
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Value systems converge and merge and emerge, based on the factors that
are much broader and deeper than just technologies
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Regulation should be neutral for between value systems
 Between value systems there is little need for compatibility anyway
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Regulation should not be neutral inside each value system
 Harmonization of technologies for each purpose is needed
 Competition between technologies in the same value system does not provide
added value for the end user but increases costs of the vendors and operators
 Competition between operators and technologies (vendors) may increase
innovation
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Standardization is value system sensitive
 Driven by people
 Driven by companies
 Driven by value system players
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Richness of the End User Experience
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Success of Innovation –
Failure of Standardization or Regulation ?
Radio Convergence
Introduction
Intuition
Case1
Example1
Case2
Example2
Observations
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First it was only GSM 900
Then it became GSM900/1800 and later 1900
IMT2000 family was launched but it included
 UMTS (WCDMA, GERAN, TDSCDMA), UWC136, DECT, CDMA2000,..
 All evolution
 ITU Stamp
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Internet radio’s
 WLAN
 WIMAX
 .20
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Cable replacement
 Bluetooth
 UWB
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Broadcast
 DVBH
 MBMS
 Media FLO
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Introduction
Some Observations
Intuition
Case1
Example1
Case2
Example2
Observations
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Traditional Internet and Mobile service will be available through many
Value Systems, isolated “pipes”
Each value system includes internal and external competitive elements
Compatibility is crucial within each value system
Value systems gain and loose when merging together
Do not look at the symptoms only, Look at the deep structures
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Value is created by Innovation but innovation leads to fragmentation
Value can be made better usable, utility is increased, by standardization
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Harmonized solutions (technologies) add value only when directly visible to
the end users
Unharmonized solutions (technologies) reduce value when applied within
one value system
Unharmonized solutions (technologies) are natural in different value
systems due to different regulative and end user requirements
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"Whoever in debate quotes authority uses not intellect,
but memory." (Leonardo Da Vinci)
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References
Nadvi/Wältring

http://inef.uni-due.de/page/documents/report58.pdf
Kauffman et al
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http://misrc.umn.edu/workshops/2003/fall/Angsana_102403.pdf
Park
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http://web.si.umich.edu/tprc/papers/2004/295/SIM_tprc.pdf
Allen
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http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/abs_free.jsp?arNumber=968564
Vesa
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http://www.irma-international.org/irmpress/details.asp?id=4583
Gaynor
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http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0471214752/qid=1042595511/sr=8-1/ref=sr_8_1/104-11467505826346?n=507846&s=books&v=glance
Hyötyniemi
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http://www.control.hut.fi/Kurssit/AS-74.4192/
Rogers

http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0029266718/102-1430326-1391347?v=glance&n=283155
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