Transcript Document

• Mesh Network
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IEEE 802.15 - Task Group 5: mesh networking
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This standard is composed of two parts: lowrate WPAN mesh and high-rate WPAN mesh
networks
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Telephone exchange - Fully connected mesh network
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One way is to have enough switching
fabric to assure that the pairwise
allocation will always succeed by
building a fully connected mesh
network. This is the method usually
used in central office switches, which
have low utilization of their resources.
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Wireless networks - Wireless mesh network
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A wireless mesh network is a wireless network made
up of radio nodes organized in a mesh topology.
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Wireless networks - Wireless mesh network
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Mesh networks can self heal, automatically rerouting around a node that has lost power.
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Telecom switch - Fully connected mesh network
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One way is to have enough switching
fabric to assure that the pairwise
allocation will always succeed by
building a network topology|fully
connected mesh network. This is the
method usually used in central office
switches, which have low utilization of
their resources.
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Backhaul (telecommunications) - Mesh networks for wireless backhaul
As data rates increase, the range of
wireless network coverage is reduced,
raising investment costs for building
infrastructure with access points to cover
service areas. Mesh networking|Mesh
networks are unique enablers that can
reduce this cost due to their flexible
architecture.
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Backhaul (telecommunications) - Mesh networks for wireless backhaul
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With mesh networking, access points
are connected wirelessly and
exchange data frames with each other
to forward to/from a gateway point.
Since a mesh requires no costly cable
constructions for its backhaul
network, it reduces total investment
cost. Mesh technology’s capabilities
can boost extending coverage of
service areas easily and flexibly.
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Backhaul (telecommunications) - Mesh networks for wireless backhaul
Actual throughput is double that of
standard mesh network systems using
conventional packet forwarding
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Mesh networking
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A 'mesh network' is a network topology
in which each Node (networking)|node
(called a mesh node) relays data for the
network. All nodes cooperate in the
distribution of data in the network.
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Mesh networking
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Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) and
mesh networks are therefore closely
related, but MANET also have to deal
with the problems introduced by the
mobility of the nodes.
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Mesh networking - Wireless mesh networks
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Mesh networks are typically
wireless
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Mesh networking - Examples
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Zigbee digital radios are incorporated into
some consumer appliances, including
battery-powered appliances. Zigbee
radios spontaneously organize a mesh
network, using AODV routing;
transmission and reception are
synchronized. This means the radios can
be off much of the time, and thus conserve
power.
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Mesh networking - Examples
In early 2007, the US-based firm
Meraki launched a mini wireless
mesh router. This is an example of a
wireless mesh network (on a claimed
speed of up to 50 megabits per
second). The 802.11 radio within the
Meraki Mini has been optimized for
long-distance communication,
providing coverage over 250 metres.
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Mesh networking - Examples
This is an example of a single-radio
mesh network being used within a
community as opposed to multi-radio
long range mesh networks like BelAir
or MeshDynamics that provide
multifunctional infrastructure, typically
using tree based topologies and their
advantages in O(n) routing.
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Mesh networking - Examples
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The Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey
CA, demonstrated such wireless mesh
networks for border security. In a pilot
system, aerial cameras kept aloft by
balloons relayed real time high resolution
video to ground personnel via a mesh
network.
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Mesh networking - Examples
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An MIT Media Lab project has developed
the XO-1 (laptop)|XO-1 laptop or
OLPC(One Laptop per Child) which is
intended for disadvantaged schools in
developing nations and uses mesh
networking (based on the IEEE 802.11s
standard) to create a robust and
inexpensive infrastructure
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Mesh networking - Examples
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In Cambridge, UK, on 3 June 2006, mesh
networking was used at the “Strawberry
Fair” to run mobile live television, radio
and Internet services to an estimated
80,000 people.
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Mesh networking - Examples
The Champaign-Urbana Community
Wireless Network (CUWiN) project is
developing mesh networking software
based on open source implementations of
the Hazy-Sighted Link State Routing
Protocol and Expected Transmission
Count metric
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Mesh networking - Examples
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SMesh is an 802.11 multi-hop wireless
mesh network developed by the
Distributed System and Networks Lab at
Johns Hopkins University. A fast handoff
scheme allows mobile clients to roam in
the network without interruption in
connectivity, a feature suitable for realtime applications, such as VOIP|VoIP.
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Mesh networking - Examples
Many mesh networks operate across
multiple radio bands. For example Firetide
and Wave Relay mesh networks have the
option to communicate node to node on
5.2GHz or 5.8GHz, but communicate node
to client on 2.4GHz (802.11). This is
accomplished using SDR (Softwaredefined radio|Software-Defined radio.)
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Mesh networking - Examples
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[http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/freesrch
abstract.jsp?arnumber=4519963isnumber
=4519956punumber=65k2dockey=451996
3@ieeejrns The Need for Access Point
Power Saving in Solar Powered WLAN
Mesh Networks]
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Mesh networking - Examples
The WING project http://www.wingproject.org WING (sponsored by the Italian
Ministry of University and Research and
led by CREATE-NET and Technion)
developed a set of novel algorithms and
protocols for enabling wireless mesh
networks as the standard access
architecture for next generation Internet
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Mesh networking - Examples
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In those situations, one of the nodes has
to act as a relay and forward messages
between those nodes that cannot
communicate directly, effectively creating a
mesh network
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Optical mesh network
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'Optical mesh networks' are a
type of telecommunications
network.
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Optical mesh network
The new optical mesh networks
support the same fast recovery
previously available in ring networks
while achieving better capacity
efficiency and resulting in lower capital
cost.
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Optical mesh network
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Optical mesh networks today not only provide
trunking capacity to higher-layer networks,
such as inter-router or inter-switch
connectivity in an IP, MPLS, or Ethernetcentric infrastructure, but also support
efficient routing and fast failure recovery of
high-bandwidth services. This was made
possible by the emergence of optical network
elements that have the intelligence required
to automatically control certain network
functions, such as fault recovery.
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Optical mesh network
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Optical mesh networks enable Quality-ofService protection and a variety of
dynamic services such as bandwidth-ondemand, Just-In-Time bandwidth,
bandwidth scheduling, bandwidth
brokering, and optical virtual private
networks that open up new opportunities
for service providers and their customers
alike.
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Optical mesh network - History of transport networks
The new optical mesh networks
support the same fast recovery
previously available in ring networks
while achieving better capacity
efficiency and resulting in lower capital
cost
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Optical mesh network - Optical mesh networks
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Optical mesh networks refer to transport
networks that are built directly off the
mesh-like fiber infrastructure deployed in
metropolitan, regional, national, or
international (e.g., trans-oceanic) areas by
deploying optical transport equipment that
are capable of Circuit switching|switching
traffic (at the wavelength or subwavelength level) from an incoming fiber
to an outgoing fiber
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Optical mesh network - Optical mesh networks
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Optical switches build by companies such
as [ http://www.sycamorenet.com
Sycamore] and [ http://www.ciena.com
Ciena] (with Synchronous optical
networking|STS-1 granularity of
switching) and [ http://www.tellium.com
Zhone Technologies|Tellium] (with
Synchronous optical networking|STS-48
granularity of switching) have been
deployed in operational mesh networks. [
http://www.calient.net Calient] has built
all-optical switches based on 3D MEMS
technology.
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Optical mesh network - Optical mesh networks
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Optical mesh networks today not only
provide trunking capacity to higherlayer networks, such as inter-router or
inter-switch connectivity in an
Internet Protocol|IP, MPLS, or
Ethernet-centric packet
infrastructure, but also support
efficient routing and fast failure
recovery of high-bandwidth point-topoint Ethernet and SONET/SDH
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Optical mesh network - Recovery in optical mesh networks
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against different failure
modes are available in
mesh networks
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Optical mesh network - Recovery in optical mesh networks
Finally, multiple diverse routes can be
designed so that a connection has multiple
recovery routes and can recover even after
multiple failures (examples of mesh networks
across the Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic and Pacific
Ocean|Pacific oceans [
http://www.ciena.com/corporate/blog/Opticalmesh-network-proves-its-worth-for-Verizonduring-Japanese-earthquake.html Optical
mesh network proves its worth for Verizon
during Japanese earthquake]).
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Optical mesh network - Transparency
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ROADM-based transparent optical mesh networks
have been deployed in metropolitan and regional
networks since the mid-2000s.[
http://www.heavyreading.com/details.asp?sku_id=
765skuitem_itemid=745 ROADMs and the Future
of Metro Optical Networks, Heavy Reading report]
In the early 2010s, operational long distance
networks still tend to remain opaque, as there are
transmission limitations and impairments that
prevent the extension of transparency beyond a
certain point.[
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/freeabs_all.jsp?arnu
mber=900635 J
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Optical mesh network - Routing in optical mesh networks
Routing is a key
control and
operational aspect of
optical mesh
networks
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Optical mesh network - Applications
The deployment of optical mesh
networks is enabling new services and
applications for service providers to
offer their customers, such as
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Optical mesh network - Related network architectures
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Mesh networking in general
and wireless mesh
networking in particular.
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Anonymous P2P - Anonymous P2P in a wireless mesh network
It is possible to implement anonymous
P2P on a wireless mesh network; unlike
fixed Internet connections, users don't
need to sign up with an ISP to participate
in such a network, and are only identifiable
through their hardware.
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Anonymous P2P - Anonymous P2P in a wireless mesh network
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Protocols for wireless mesh networks are
Optimized Link State Routing Protocol
(OLSR) and the follow-up protocol
B.A.T.M.A.N., which is designed for
decentralized auto-IP assignment. See
also Netsukuku.
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Wireless mesh network
Wireless mesh networks can be
implemented with various wireless
technology including 802.11s|802.11,
802.15, 802.16, cellular technologies
or combinations of more than one
type.
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Wireless mesh network - Architecture
Sichitiu,
[http://networking.ncsu.edu/capacity
WCM.pdf The nominal capacity of
wireless mesh networks], in IEEE
Wireless Communications, vol 10, 5
pp 8-14
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Wireless mesh network - Management
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The topology of a mesh network is also reliable, as
each node is connected to several other nodes
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Wireless mesh network - Applications
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An important possible
application for wireless
mesh networks is VoIP
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Wireless mesh network - Applications
* U.S. military forces are now using
wireless mesh networking to connect their
computers, mainly ruggedized laptops, in
field operations.
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Wireless mesh network - Applications
* The laptops in the One Laptop per
Child program use wireless mesh
networking to enable students to
exchange files and get on the Internet
even though they lack wired or cell
phone or other physical connections in
their area.
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Wireless mesh network - Applications
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* The 66-satellite Iridium satellite
constellation|Iridium constellation
operates as a mesh network, with
wireless links between adjacent
satellites
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Wireless mesh network - Routing protocols
There are more than 70 competing
schemes for routing packets across mesh
networks. Some of these include:
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Wireless mesh network - Routing protocols
*Infrastructure Wireless Mesh
Protocol|IWMP (Infrastructure Wireless
Mesh Protocol) for Infrastructure Mesh
Networks by GRECO UFPB-Brazil
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Wireless mesh network - Routing protocols
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*MRP (Wireless mesh networks routing protocol)
by Jangeun Jun and Mihail L. Sichitiu
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Wireless mesh network - Routing protocols
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The IEEE is developing a set of
standards under the title IEEE
802.11s|802.11s to define an
architecture and protocol for ESS
Mesh Networking.
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Wireless mesh network - Autoconfiguration protocols
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Standard autoconfiguration protocols,
such as DHCP or IPv6#Stateless
address autoconfiguration
(SLAAC)|IPv6 stateless
autoconfiguration may be used over
mesh networks.
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Wireless mesh network - Autoconfiguration protocols
Mesh network specific
autoconfiguration protocols
include:
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Mesh topology - Wireless mesh networks
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Mesh networks are typically
wireless
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Mesh networks
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Mesh networks can be seen as one type
of ad hoc network. Mobile ad hoc networks
(MANETs) and mesh networks are
therefore closely related, but a MANET
also must deal with problems introduced
by the mobility of the nodes.
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