Transcript Document

• MPLS
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Metro Ethernet - MPLS-based Ethernet MANs
1
An MPLS based Metro Ethernet network
uses MPLS in the service provider's
network. The subscriber will get an
Ethernet interface on copper (for
example, 100BASE-TX) or fiber (such as
100BASE-FX). The customer's Ethernet
packet is transported over MPLS and the
service provider network uses Ethernet
again as the underlying technology to
transport MPLS. So, it is Ethernet over
MPLS over Ethernet.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Metro Ethernet - MPLS-based Ethernet MANs
1
One restoration mechanism used in an MPLS
based Metro Ethernet Networks is Fast
ReRoute (FRR) to achieve sub-50ms
convergence of MPLS local protection. For
each deployment situation the benefit versus
cost of MPLS must be weighed carefully, so if
not implemented on a carrier's distribution
network there might be more benefit for
MPLS the core network. In some situations
the cost may not warrant the benefits,
particularly if sub 50ms convergence time is
already being achieved with pure Ethernet.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Metro Ethernet - MPLS-based Ethernet MANs
1
A comparison of MPLS-based
Metro Ethernet against a pure
Ethernet MAN:
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Metro Ethernet - MPLS-based Ethernet MANs
1
When using MPLS, Ethernet VLANs have local
meaning only (like Frame Relay PVC)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Metro Ethernet - MPLS-based Ethernet MANs
Resiliency: pure Ethernet network
resiliency relies on Spanning Tree
Protocols STP, IEEE 802.1w RSTP or
IEEE 802.1s MSTP (30 to sub 50 ms
convergence depending on network
design) while MPLS-based MANs use
mechanisms such as MPLS Fast
Reroute to achieve SDH-like (50 ms)
convergence times
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Metro Ethernet - MPLS-based Ethernet MANs
Multiprotocol convergence: with the
maturity on pseudowires standards
(ATM Virtual Leased Line VLL, FR VLL,
etc.) an MPLS-based Metro Ethernet can
backhaul IP/Ethernet traffic together
with virtually any type of traffic coming
from customer or other access networks
(i.e. ATM aggregation for UMTS or TDM
aggregation for GSM), while this could
be more challenging in a pure Ethernet
scenario.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Metro Ethernet - MPLS-based Ethernet MANs
1
End to End OAM: MPLS-based MAN
offers a wide set of troubleshooting and
OAM MPLS-based tools which enrich
Service Providers ability to effectively
troubleshoot and diagnose network
problems
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Multiprotocol Label Switching - MPLS operation
1
MPLS works by prefixing packets with an
MPLS header, containing one or more
labels. This is called a label stack. Each
label stack entry contains four fields:
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Multiprotocol Label Switching - MPLS operation
1
These MPLS-labeled packets are switched
after a label lookup/switch instead of a
lookup into the IP table. As mentioned
above, when MPLS was conceived, label
lookup and label switching were faster
than a routing table or RIB (Routing
Information Base) lookup because they
could take place directly within the
switched fabric and not the CPU.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Multiprotocol Label Switching - MPLS operation
1
Routers that perform routing based only on
the label are called label switch routers
(LSRs). The entry and exit points of an MPLS
network are called label edge routers (LERs),
which, respectively, push an MPLS label onto
an incoming packet[note 1] and pop it off the
outgoing packet. Alternatively, under
penultimate hop popping this function may
instead be performed by the LSR directly
connected to the LER.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Multiprotocol Label Switching - MPLS operation
LSRs in an MPLS network regularly
exchange label and reachability
information with each other using
standardized procedures in order to
build a complete picture of the network
they can then use to forward packets
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Multiprotocol Label Switching - MPLS operation
1
In the specific context of an MPLS-based
virtual private network (VPN), LERs that
function as ingress and/or egress routers
to the VPN are often called PE (Provider
Edge) routers. Devices that function only
as transit routers are similarly called P
(Provider) routers. The job of a P router is
significantly easier than that of a PE
router, so they can be less complex and
may be more dependable because of this.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Multiprotocol Label Switching - MPLS operation
1
When an unlabeled packet enters the
ingress router and needs to be passed
on to an MPLS tunnel, the router first
determines the forwarding
equivalence class (FEC) the packet
should be in, and then inserts one or
more labels in the packet's newly
created MPLS header. The packet is
then passed on to the next hop router
for this tunnel.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Multiprotocol Label Switching - MPLS operation
1
When a labeled packet is received by
an MPLS router, the topmost label is
examined. Based on the contents of
the label a swap, push (impose) or pop
(dispose) operation can be performed
on the packet's label stack. Routers
can have prebuilt lookup tables that
tell them which kind of operation to do
based on the topmost label of the
incoming packet so they can process
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Multiprotocol Label Switching - MPLS operation
In a push operation a new label is
pushed on top of the existing label,
effectively "encapsulating" the packet
in another layer of MPLS. This allows
hierarchical routing of MPLS packets.
Notably, this is used by MPLS VPNs.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Multiprotocol Label Switching - MPLS operation
In a pop operation the label is
removed from the packet, which may
reveal an inner label below. This
process is called "decapsulation". If
the popped label was the last on the
label stack, the packet "leaves" the
MPLS tunnel. This is usually done by
the egress router, but see Penultimate
Hop Popping (PHP) below.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Multiprotocol Label Switching - MPLS operation
1
During these operations, the contents of the
packet below the MPLS Label stack are not
examined. Indeed transit routers typically
need only to examine the topmost label on
the stack. The forwarding of the packet is
done based on the contents of the labels,
which allows "protocol-independent packet
forwarding" that does not need to look at a
protocol-dependent routing table and avoids
the expensive IP longest prefix match at each
hop.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Multiprotocol Label Switching - MPLS operation
1
At the egress router, when the last label
has been popped, only the payload
remains. This can be an IP packet, or any
of a number of other kinds of payload
packet. The egress router must therefore
have routing information for the packet's
payload, since it must forward it without
the help of label lookup tables. An MPLS
transit router has no such requirement.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Multiprotocol Label Switching - MPLS operation
1
In some special cases, the last label can also
be popped off at the penultimate hop (the hop
before the egress router). This is called
penultimate hop popping (PHP). This may be
interesting in cases where the egress router
has lots of packets leaving MPLS tunnels,
and thus spends inordinate amounts of CPU
time on this. By using PHP, transit routers
connected directly to this egress router
effectively offload it, by popping the last label
themselves.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Multiprotocol Label Switching - MPLS operation
MPLS can make use of existing ATM
network or Frame Relay infrastructure, as
its labeled flows can be mapped to ATM or
Frame Relay virtual-circuit identifiers, and
vice versa.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Multiprotocol Label Switching - MPLS and IP
MPLS-capable
devices are referred
to as LSRs
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Multiprotocol Label Switching - MPLS and IP
1
MPLS Traffic Engineering relies upon
the use of TE extensions to Open
Shortest Path First (OSPF) or
Intermediate System To Intermediate
System (IS-IS) and RSVP
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Multiprotocol Label Switching - MPLS and IP
For end-users the use of MPLS is not
visible directly, but can be assumed when
doing a traceroute: only nodes that do full
ip routing are shown as hops in the path,
thus not the MPLS nodes used in
between, therefore when you see that a
packet hops between two very distant
nodes and hardly any other 'hop' is seen in
that providers network (or AS) it is very
likely that network uses MPLS.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Multiprotocol Label Switching - MPLS local protection (fast reroute)
In the event of a network element
failure when recovery mechanisms are
employed at the IP layer, restoration
may take several seconds which may
be unacceptable for real-time
applications such as VoIP. In contrast,
MPLS local protection meets the
requirements of real-time applications
with recovery times comparable to
those of SONET rings of less than 50
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
T-MPLS
It was intended specifically as a
connection-oriented packet-switched (cops) application offering a simpler
implementation by removing MPLS
features that are not relevant to co-ps
applications and adding mechanisms that
provide support of critical transport
functionality
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
T-MPLS
ITU-T ceased work on 'T-MPLS' in
December 2008, in favour of MPLS-TP
standardization.[ http://www.itu.int/ITUT/newslog/Clarifications+On+MPLS+For+
Transport+Network.aspx Clarifications on
MPLS for transport network] - ITU-T
newslog, 10 March 2009
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
T-MPLS
T-MPLS uses the same architectural
principles of layered networking that are
used in other technologies like
Synchronous Digital Hierarchy|SDH and
Optical Transport Network|OTN. Service
providers have already developed
management processes and work
procedures based on these principles for
use in networks that use those other
technologies.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
T-MPLS
In this way 'T-MPLS' was intended to
provide a reliable packet-based
technology that is familiar and also aligned
with circuit-based transport networking; it
supports current organizational processes
and large-scale work procedures.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
T-MPLS
'T-MPLS' is a low cost Layer 2
technology that provides Quality of
service|QoS, end-to-end OAM and
protection switching.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
T-MPLS
1
The following ITU-T Recommendations
exist for 'T-MPLS'. These
Recommendations will be superseded
(i.e., replaced) by new revisions that
apply to MPLS-TP and reference the
joint work being understaken by the
ITU-T and IETF.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
T-MPLS
1
A further set of ITU-T Recommendations
were at a draft stage when work on 'TMPLS' was halted. These may be
resumed at a later stage to reference the
material developed as part of the MPLSTP effort.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
T-MPLS
1
After IETF raised concerns over 'T-MPLS'
technology, mainly about incompatibility
with the already established IP/MPLS, the
ITU-T and the IETF started a joint activity
to solve potential issues. The decision was
to transfer control to IETF to develop a
new 'MPLS' profile specialized for
transport (MPLS-TP) with input from ITU
recommendations
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
T-MPLS
1
A new activity was added to the
charter of the MPLS working
group of IETF.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS-TP
It will offer a dedicated MPLS
implementation by removing features that
are not relevant to CO-PS applications
and adding mechanisms that provide
support of critical transport functionality.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS-TP
1
'MPLS-TP' is to be based on the same
architectural principles of layered
networking that are used in
longstanding transport network
technologies like Synchronous Digital
Hierarchy|SDH, Synchronous Optical
NETwork|SONET and Optical
Transport Network|OTN. Service
providers have already developed
management processes and work
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS-TP
1
'MPLS-TP' will provide service providers
with a reliable packet-based technology
that is based upon circuit-based transport
networking, and thus is expected to align
with current organizational processes and
large-scale work procedures similar to
other packet transport technologies.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS-TP
1
'MPLS-TP' is expected to be a low cost
L2 technology (if the limited profile to
be specified is implemented in
isolation) that will provide Quality of
service|QoS, end-to-end OAM and
protection switching.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS-TP
1
on the design of 'MPLS-TP'. Based on this
agreement IETF and ITU-T experts will
jointly work out the requirements and
solutions. ITU-T in turn will update the
existing T-MPLS standards
http://www.itu.int/oth/T0906000001/en
based on the 'MPLS-TP' related 'RFC's
listed below.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS-TP - Solutions
The solutions for the above
requirements and framework are as
mentioned below and is under
development:
http://wiki.tools.ietf.org/misc/mpls-tp/
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS-TP - Solutions
1
* RFC 5718 An In-Band Data Communication
Network For the MPLS Transport Profile
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS-TP - Solutions
1
* [ http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-boutros-mpls-tploopback Loopback] (Individual Draft)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS-TP - Solutions
1
* [ http://tools.ietf.org/html/draftfhbs-mpls-tp-cv-proactive Proactive
continuity and connectivity
verification] (Individual Draft)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS-TP - Solutions
1
* [ http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-bhhmpls-tp-oam-y1731 MPLS-TP OAM
based on Y.1731] (Individual Draft)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS-TP - Solutions
1
* MPLS-TP Performance
monitoring (Individual
Draft)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS-TP - Solutions
1
* [ http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-zulr-mplstp-linear-protection-switching Linear
Protection Switching in MPLS-TP]
(Individual Draft)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS-TP - Solutions
1
* MPLS-TP P2MP
traffic protection
(Individual Draft)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS-TP - Solutions
* MPLS-TP OAM Alarm
suppression (Individual Draft)
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS-TP - Solutions
* MPLS-TP IP/MPLS
Interworking (Individual
Draft)
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS-TP - Solutions
1
* [ http://tools.ietf.org/html/draftumansky-mpls-tp-ring-protectionswitching MPLS-TP Ring Protection]
(Individual Draft)
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Carrier Ethernet - Ethernet over MPLS
Ethernet links are transported as
“pseudowires” using MPLS label switched
paths (LSPs) inside an outer MPLS
“tunnel”
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
GMPLS
The 'Generalized Multi-Protocol
Label Switching (GMPLS)'E. Mannie,
Generalized Multi-Protocol Label
Switching (GMPLS) architecture, RFC
3945, Oct. 2004, IETF. is a protocol
suite extending MPLS to manage
further classes of interfaces and
switching technologies
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
GMPLS - Differences between MPLS and GMPLS
1
http://www.macrothink.org/journal/i
ndex.php/npa/article/view/819/704
The support for the additional types of
switching has driven GMPLS to extend
certain base functions of traditional
MPLS and, in some cases, to add
functionality.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
GMPLS - How GMPLS works
1
GMPLS is based on Generalized Labels.
The Generalized Label is a label that can
represent either (a) a single fiber in a
bundle, (b) a single waveband within fiber,
(c) a single wavelength within a waveband
(or fiber), or (d) a set of time-slots within a
wavelength (or fiber). The Generalized
Label can also carry a label that
represents a generic MPLS label, a Frame
Relay label, or an ATM label.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
GMPLS - How GMPLS works
* Resource Reservation Protocol with
Traffic Engineering extensions (RSVP-TE)
signaling protocol.D. Awduche, L. Berger,
D. Gan, T. Li, V. Srinivasan, and G.
Swallow, RSVP-TE: Extensions to RSVP
for LSP tunnels, RFC 3209, Dic. 2001,
IETF.L. Berger, Generalized Multi-Protocol
Label Switching (GMPLS) Signaling
Resource Reservation Protocol-Traffic
Engineering (RSVP-TE) Extensions, RFC
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
GMPLS - How GMPLS works
* Open Shortest Path First with Traffic
Engineering extensions (OSPF-TE)
routing protocol.D. Katz, K. Kompella, and
D. Yeung, Traffic Engineering (TE)
Extensions to OSPF Version 2
Architecture, RFC 3630, Sep. 2003,
IETF.K. Kompella and Y. Rekhter, OSPF
Extensions in Support of Generalized
Multi-Protocol Label Switching (GMPLS),
RFC 4203, Oct. 2005, IETF.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS
MPLS supports a range of access
technologies, including Digital Signal
1|T1/E-carrier|E1, Asynchronous
Transfer Mode|ATM, Frame Relay, and
Digital subscriber line|DSL.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS - Label switch router
A MPLS router that performs routing
based only on the label is called a 'label
switch router' ('LSR') or 'transit router'.
This is a type of router located in the
middle of a MPLS network. It is
responsible for switching the labels used
to route packets.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS - Label edge router
1
LERs respectively, push an MPLS label
onto an incoming packetIn some
applications, the packet presented to the
LER already may have a label, so that the
new LER pushes a second label onto the
packet
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS - Label edge router
When forwarding Internet Protocol|IP
datagrams into the MPLS domain, an LER
uses routing information to determine
appropriate labels to be affixed, labels the
packet accordingly, and then forwards the
labelled packets into the MPLS domain.
Likewise, upon receiving a labelled packet
which is destined to exit the MPLS
domain, the LER strips off the label and
forwards the resulting IP packet using
normal IP forwarding rules.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS - Routing
1
When a labeled packet is received by an
MPLS router, the topmost label is
examined. Based on the contents of the
label a swap, push (impose) or pop
(dispose) operation is performed on the
packet's label stack. Routers can have
prebuilt lookup tables that tell them which
kind of operation to do based on the
topmost label of the incoming packet so
they can process the packet very quickly.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS - Routing
1
*In a push operation a new label is pushed
on top of the existing label, effectively
encapsulating the packet in another layer
of MPLS. This allows hierarchical routing
of MPLS packets. Notably, this is used by
MPLS VPNs.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS - Routing
1
*In a pop operation the label is removed
from the packet, which may reveal an
inner label below. This process is called
decapsulation. If the popped label was the
last on the label stack, the packet leaves
the MPLS tunnel. This is usually done by
the egress router, but see Penultimate
Hop Popping (PHP) below.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS - Evolution
1
MPLS has been originally proposed to
allow high performance traffic
forwarding and Traffic engineering
(telecommunications)|traffic
engineering in IP networks. However
it evolved in Generalized MultiProtocol Label Switching|Generalized
MPLS (GMPLS) to allow the creation of
label-switched paths (LSPs) also in not
native IP networks, such as
SONET|SONET/SDH networks and
wavelength switched optical
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS local protection
In MPLS local protection each label
switched path (LSP) passing through a
facilityThe term facility is usually
referred to a link or node
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS local protection
1
In contrast, MPLS local protection meets
the requirements of real-time applications
with recovery times comparable to those
of Synchronous optical networking|SONET
rings ( 50 ms).
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS VPN
1
'MPLS VPN' is a family of methods for
harnessing the power of multiprotocol
label switching (MPLS) to create
virtual private networks (VPNs). MPLS
VPN gives network engineers the
flexibility to transport and route
several types of network traffic using
the technologies of a MPLS backbone.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS VPN - Point-to-point (pseudowire)
1
Point-to-point MPLS VPNs employ
VLLs (virtual leased lines) for
providing Layer2 point-to-point
connectivity between two sites.
Ethernet, Time-division
multiplexing|TDM, and
Asynchronous Transfer Mode|ATM
frames can be encapsulated within
these VLLs.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
MPLS VPN - Layer 2 VPN (VPLS)
Layer 2 MPLS VPNs, or VPLS (virtual
private LAN service), offers a “switch in
the cloud” style VPLS service. VPLS
provides the ability to span VLANs
between sites. L2 VPNs are typically used
to route voice, video, and AMI traffic
between substation and data center
locations.
1
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
Measuring network throughput - MPLS
1
This generates more overhead that has to
be taken into account that a single MPLS
label attached to a packet which is then
sent 'natively', with no underlying protocol
to a receiving system.
https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html
For More Information, Visit:
• https://store.theartofservice.co
m/itil-2011-foundationcomplete-certification-kitfourth-edition-study-guideebook-and-online-course.html
The Art of Service
https://store.theartofservice.com