Transcript Local industrial networks

Introduction to local industrial networks
H
Quiz
 Be able to compare and position
the main local industrial networks
on the market
F
 Be familiar with and understand
Schneider Electric's Networks
policy for "Industry"
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D
C
B
A
Duration: 45 min.
TOLED
Networks policy for "Industry"
Positioning of the main networks
Interconnection products
Main standards and concepts used
Communication criteria
Local industrial networks - Why use them?
Expert, Training: Philippe WARIN
Created by: AMEG
Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004
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WHY USE THEM?
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Networks policy for "Industry"
Positioning of the main networks
Interconnection products
Main standards and concepts used
Communication criteria
Local industrial networks - Why use them?
Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004
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- what is a local industrial network?
Digital
data
1
Serial link
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0
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- lower installation costs
Not networked
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Networked
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- less sensitivity to electromagnetic
interference
Analogue speed
command 0-10 V
Digital speed
command 0 - 32767
In the event of interference,
the message can be
repeated
Interference on
the value received
Not networked
TOLED
No interference on
the value received
Networked
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- possibility of intelligence distribution
Addition
of an optional card
for remote automation
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Configuration
of local
reflex actions
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- accurate diagnostics in the event of a fault
Generic
fault
Not networked
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Motor
overload fault
Networked
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- easier replacement of defective equipment
OOS module
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COMMUNICATION CRITERIA
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Quiz
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Networks policy for "Industry"
Positioning of the main networks
Interconnection products
Main standards and concepts used
Communication criteria
Local industrial networks - Why use them?
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- to communicate...
Who am I speaking to?
When can I speak?
Do I have to send
information at regular
intervals?
Number of correspondents?
One or more speakers?
Can I be replaced?
OSI Model:
classification and organisation
What distance?
What facility should I use?
Maximum message size?
Have you understood?
Which language?
TOLED
Is it urgent?
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- the OSI model from ISO
 OSI model: Open System Interconnection
Seven-layer architecture
 ISO:
International Standards Organization
 Division into homogeneous and ordered subsets
TOLED
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- description of the OSI model
Standardisation of functions for interchangeability purposes
PROFILE
APPLICATION
LAYER
7
PRESENTATION
6
LAYER
SESSION LAYER
Format conversion
5
Organisation and synchronisation of exchanges
TRANSPORT
LAYER
4
End-to-end routing control
NETWORK
LAYER
3
Data routing
2
Link control
Medium access control
1
Hardware
LINK LAYER
PHYSICAL
LAYER
TOLED
Grammar - Semantics
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- local industrial network criteria
Interchangeability: EDS, GSD files?
PROFILE
APPLICATION
Language: Modbus, FMS?
Process data: Client-server, producer-consumer
LAYER
7
content, periodicity?
Service data: Accessible variables, max. size?
2
Medium access: master-slave, token ring, random access?
Addressing: address 1, 5, general distribution?
Transmission control: parity check, CRC, delimiters?
Flow control: NACK, XON-XOFF, inhibit time?
LINK
LAYER
PHYSICAL
LAYER
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1
Medium: twisted pair, coaxial cable, optical fibre?
Topology: bus, star, tree, grid?
Max. no. of devices: 2, 31, 64, 128?
Max. distance between devices: 100 m, 1 km, 15 km?
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MAIN STANDARDS AND CONCEPTS USED
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TOLED
Networks policy for "Industry"
Positioning of the main networks
Interconnection products
Main standards and concepts used
Communication criteria
Local industrial networks - Why use them?
Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004
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LAYER 1: PHYSICAL
The main media used
Standard twisted pairs: RS232, RS422, RS485
The various topologies
TOLED
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Physical
layer 1
- the main media used
 The choice of MEDIA affects the:
 speed
 distance
 electromagnetic immunity
 Most commonly used media:
Low
 pair(s) of shielded twisted
wires
Cost
 coaxial cables
 optical fibre:
High
TOLED
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Physical
layer 1
- standard twisted pairs
 RS232:
 Point-to-point link via 25-pin or 9-pin SUB-D connector.
 Distance < 15 m, speed < 20 Kbps
 RS422:
 Full-duplex (simultaneous bidirectional) multi-drop bus on 4 wires.
 Good immunity to interference, maximum distance 1000 m at
100 Kbps.
 2 transmission wires, 2 reception wires
 RS485:
 Half-duplex (alternate bidirectional) multi-drop bus on 2 wires.
 Same electrical characteristics as RS422A but on 2 wires.
TOLED
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Physical
layer 1
- the various topologies
POINT-TO-POINT
RING
Example: Used by
Interbus
Example: PC - PLC
console connector link
STAR
GRID
Example:
Internet network
via routers
Example: PCs connected
over Ethernet via a HUB
Bypass
Chaining
BUS
Line
termination
resistors
TOLED
TREE
Example:
Intranet network
via hubs and switches
Example: CANopen,
DeviceNet, Profibus-DP,
FIPIO, Modbus RS485
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LAYER 2: LINK
Main medium access methods
Master - Slave
Token Ring
Random access
Addressing
Transmission quality control
Character level parity check
Message validity check using a control word
Message format check using delimiters
Flow control
Transparent for the user,
with the exception of
addressing
TOLED
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Link
layer 2
- medium access
When can I speak?
When the master
invites me to speak
Master - Slave
Token Ring
When it’s my
turn
When no-one else
is speaking
TOLED
Random access
Destructive collision: CSMA-CD
Non-destructive collision: CSMA-CA
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Link
layer 2
- the Master-Slave system
 The master grants access to the medium
 The slave can access the medium after being polled by
the master
Polling
Do you have anything to say?
Nothing to declare!
Master
Slave
Response
Used by Asi, FIPIO, Modbus, Profibus-DP and Uni-Telway
Can be used on CANopen and DeviceNet (by configuration)
TOLED
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Link
layer 2
- Token Ring
 Ring: the members of a ring are authorised to send data upon
receipt of the token.
 Token: a group of bits passed from one node to another in
ascending order of address.
Address 2
Address 1
Address 3
Address 4
Used by Modbus Plus
TOLED
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Link
layer 2
- random access
 Data can be transmitted as soon as a silence is
detected.
 Each device "listens" whilst it transmits
 If the data received is different from the data sent, a collision
occurs
 2 types of collision:
destructive
non-destructive
TOLED
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Link
layer 2
- random access with destructive collisions
Step-by-step operation in the event of a collision:
 any messages in the course of transmission are stopped
 a scrambling frame is sent: the frame is lost
 a random wait time is observed
 the message is resent
Sto
p
Principle used by Ethernet and known as CSMA-CD
CSMA-CD = Carrier Sense Multiple Access - Collision Detection
TOLED
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Link
layer 2
- random access with non-destructive
collisions
The message remains valid, due to a system of dominant and recessive bits
• the device with the lower priority stops its transmission (recessive bit)
• the device with the higher priority completes its transmission
• the device with the lower priority tries to send its message again as soon as the
medium is free
Dominant
Sto
p
Recessive
Principle used by CANopen and DeviceNet and known as CSMA-CA
CSMA-CA = Carrier Sense Multiple Access - Collision Avoidance
TOLED
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Link
layer 2
- addressing
Who am I speaking to?
Advantys FTB interface
x10
x1
Lucy
Fred
Address 77
A group
TOLED
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Link
layer 2
- example of addressing
Example using a Modbus frame
SOF Address Function
Data
Checksum EOF
Address = 77
If a message is intended for all the devices: General distribution or
Broadcasting
Use of reserved address values: 0, 255.
Cannot be configured on the devices
TOLED
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Link
layer 2
- transmission quality control
Have you understood?
Welding station
Got it!
I didn't hear
the end of the
sentence
TOLED
Character level parity check
Message validity check
using a control word
Message format check using delimiters
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Link
layer 2
- character level parity check
Example using a Modbus frame
SOF Address Function
Data
Control word
EOF
Address
Start Bit 7 Bit 6 Bit 5 Bit 4 Bit 3 Bit 2 Bit 1 Bit 0 Parity Start
Address = 77 includes 4 bits at 1
Even
Odd parity
1
0
1
0
0
1
1
0
1
Parity
1
0
1
Oddnumber
numberofofbits
bitsatat1 1
Even
TOLED
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Link
layer 2
- message validity check using a control word
Example using a Modbus frame
SOF Address Function
Data
Control word
EOF
Field containing a value calculated from a block of bits and
used to check the validity of the whole message.
Examples : Checksum
CRC = Cyclic Redundancy Check
LRC = Longitudinal Redundancy Check
TOLED
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Link
layer 2
- message format check using delimiters
Example using a Modbus frame
SOF Address Function
Data
Checksum EOF
Standard information inserted in each message to delimit
different fields: start, end, etc.
Additional transmission
quality checks
TOLED
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Link
layer 2
- flow control
NACK = Not acknowledged
Wait,
let me finish!!!
TOLED
XON-XOFF
Inhibit Time
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LAYER 7: APPLICATION
Application
layer 7
Messaging
Client-Server system
Producer-Consumer system
Data Types
Process data
Service data
Traffic types
Cyclic exchanges
Acyclic exchanges
TOLED
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Application
layer 7
- messaging
Which language shall we use?
Messaging systems:
French?
Modbus
Messaging:
Client - Server
English?
UNI-TE
FMS
Italian?
TOLED
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Application
layer 7
- Client-Server system
The CLIENT is an entity requesting a service
The SERVER is the entity that responds to a request from a client
Request
Request
Can
youisput
What
theit
Would you bring
the bill
please?
into
reverse?
engine speed?
Straight away, Madame
rpm
It’s1000
in reverse
Client
Response
Response
Server
Used by Modbus, UNI-TE, FMS, etc.
TOLED
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Application
layer 7
- Producer-Consumer system
The PRODUCER is a single entity that produces information
The CONSUMER is an entity that uses it (several entities can use the same
information).
Speed
1200 rpm
It's=13:51
Producer
Producer
Maybe I'll go
to the cinema
I am changing my speed
to 1200 rpm
It's
time
I display
forthe
myspeed
match
Consumer 1
Consumer 1
Consumer 22
Consumer
Used by CANopen and DeviceNet
TOLED
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Application
layer 7
- data types
Process data
Monitoring - Control
Service data
Configuration - Settings - Diagnostics
Low volume of data
Large volume of data
Quickly refreshed at regular intervals
or on change of state
Sent at startup
or in the event of a problem
No time constraint
TOLED
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Application
layer 7
- traffic types
Cyclic exchanges
Acyclic exchanges
Used for process data
Used for service data
Refreshed automatically
At startup, the configuration and
settings data is automatically
transmitted
2 word tables: inputs and outputs
TOLED
If required, activation via
programming, in the case of settings
or diagnostics data
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PROFILE
Profile
Open system
Profile
EDS files
TOLED
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Profile
- open system
An open system = interoperable and interchangeable components
Interoperability = ability of devices to communicate intelligibly with one another
Achieved through strict adherence to protocol specifications.
Interchangeability = ability to replace one device with another
Achieved through strict adherence to profile specifications.
TOLED
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Profile
- device profile
Can you take my place?
Dark hair, brown eyes,
25 years old 5' 6"
9 stone 4 lb
Blond hair, blue eyes,
15 years old 5' 3"
8 stone
Profile = is a standardised way of
describing the functions of a device
Brown hair, green eyes
8 years old 4' 3"
5 stone
TOLED
An EDS file is an example
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Profile
- EDS file
Configuration Data
Applications
Objects
Network
Configuration Tool
Device
Device
information
Electronic Data
Sheet
EDS = Electronic Data Sheet ---> Strict syntax
On floppy disk or CD-ROM - Downloadable
Used by network configuration software
For Profibus-DP: EDS = GSD
TOLED
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INTERCONNECTION PRODUCTS
H
Quiz
F
E
D
C
B
A
TOLED
Networks policy for "Industry"
Positioning of the main networks
Interconnection products
Main standards and concepts used
Communication criteria
Local industrial networks - Why use them?
Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004
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- improvement or adaptation of network
specifications
Physical
layer 1
Link
layer 2
Network
layer 3
Application
layer 7
TOLED
Repeater
Hub
Transceiver
Length - Number of devices
Physical medium adaptation
Switch
Bridge
Length - Number of devices - Collisions
Router
Connection between networks
of the same type
Gateway
Connection between networks
of different types
Lower layer adaptation
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- repeater
Repeater
1
1
Can be used to increase the length and the number of
devices that can be connected by adding a new segment
Signal amplifier
Segment 1
Segment 2
Example:
ASi repeater
Reference: XZMA1
Connected to a flat cable by means of a vampire
connector
TOLED
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- hub
Hub
1
1
Can be used to increase the length and the number of
devices by adding several segments. 1 device per segment.
1
1
Star topology.
It amplifies a signal received on a port and sends it to all the
other ports
Example:
4-port 10 Mbps Ethernet hub RJ45
Reference: 499NEH10410
4 x 10baseT
TOLED
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- transceiver
Transceiver
1
Can be used to adapt different types of physical
media.
1
Signal converter.
Segment 1
Segment 2
Example:
Ethernet twisted pair - fibre optic transceiver 100 Mbps
Reference: 499NTR10100
Conversion 100baseTX (RJ45) - 100baseFX (SC)
TOLED
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- switch
Switch
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
Can be used to increase the length and the number of devices by
adding several segments.
Star topology.
When a message is received, the receiver's address is analysed
and sent to the corresponding port.
Example:
8-port 10/100 Mbps Ethernet switch
Reference: 499NES18100
8 x 10baseT / 100baseTX (RJ45)
TOLED
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- bridge
Bridge
Network 1
2
2
1
1
Can be used to connect two networks using the same
application layer but different lower layers
Network 2
Example:
Modbus Ethernet TCP-IP / Modbus serial link bridge
Reference: 174CEV30010
Ethernet interface: 1 x 10baseT = RJ45
Modbus interface: RS232 or RS485 on RJ45 or screw terminals
TOLED
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- router
Router
Network 1
3
3
2
2
1
1
Can be used to route information between networks
using the same application layer
Mainly used by the Internet via IP addresses
Network 2
Example:
Allied Data Ethernet router
TOLED
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- gateway
Gateway
Network 1
7
7
2
2
1
1
Can be used to connect two networks of completely
different types
Requires software configuration
Network 2
Example:
Profibus-DP - Modbus serial link gateway
Reference: LUFP7
Profibus-DP interface (slave): 9-pin SUB-D
Modbus interface (master): RS485 on RJ45
TOLED
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POSITIONING OF THE MAIN NETWORKS
H
Quiz
F
E
D
C
B
A
TOLED
Networks policy for "Industry"
Positioning of the main networks
Interconnection products
Main standards and concepts used
Communication criteria
Local industrial networks - Why use them?
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- networks available on the market
Classification of local networks
Positioning of the main networks on the market
Comparison of the main characteristics
TOLED
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- classification of local networks
1 Mbps
1
minute
Files in N x seconds
1 Kbps
1s
AMOUNT
N xBE
10 words in N x 100 ms
OF DATA TO
TRANSMITTED
RESPONSE
TIME
REQUIRED
N x words in N x 10 ms
1 bit
1 ms
N x bits in N x ms
TOLED
Level 3
Company
Information System
Data bus
PC - Servers
Level 2
Workshop
Production management
Supervision
Field bus
PLCs - GUI
Level 1
Machines
Monitoring and control
Device bus
Variable speed drives
Automation islands
Level 0
Components
Reaction detection
Sensor bus
Digital actuators sensors
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- positioning of the main networks
Ethernet
Modbus Plus
Profibus-DP
FIPIO
CANopen
Interbus
Modbus LS
Seriplex
ASi
Device bus
DeviceNet
Field bus
Profibus-FMS
FIPWAY
Data bus
Sensor bus
TOLED
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- comparison of physical layer characteristics
ASi
Medium
CANopen
Yellow flat ribbon
cable
Round unshielded Shielded twisted
cable
pair
Round shielded
cable
DeviceNet
Ethernet
TCP/IP
Modbus
Profibus-DP
Double shielded
twisted pairs
Coaxial cable :
10 base2 - 10 base5
Shielded twisted pair
10 baseT-10 baseTX
Optical fibre
10 baseF-10 baseFX
Shielded twisted
pair
Optical fibre
Interbus
Modbus
Shielded twisted
Double shielded Shielded twisted
pair
twisted pairs
pairs
Optical fibre
1000 m twisted
pair
3000 m optical
fibre
400m
1300m
400 to 4800m
acc. to speed
15km
12.8km
Depends on the
type of repeater
10/100Mbps
9.6 Kbps to
1 Mbps
1 Mbps
500 Kbps
up to 19200 bps
64
I/O scanning and
Modbus
Mono or
Multi-masters
122 devices
max
1 manager +
126 devices
512
32
1 master and
31 slaves
Max. distance
without
repeaters
100m
Acc. to speed:
25m to 1 Mbps
1km to 10 Kbps
Max. distance
with repeaters
300m
Depends on the
type of repeater
Depends on the
type of repeater
10km optical fibre
Speed
166 Kbps
9 possible speeds
from 10 Kbps to
1 Mbps
125, 250 or 500
Kbps
Max. number
of devices
ASi V1: 1 master
+ 31 slaves
ASi V2: 1 master
+ 62 slaves
127
devices
included master
64
1 master and
63 slaves
TOLED
FIPIO
Acc. to speed:
Acc. to speed:
Twisted pair 100m
100m to 500Kbps
100m to 12Mbps
Optical fibre 2000m
500m to 125Kbps
1.2km to 10Kbps
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- comparison of link and application layer
characteristics
Medium
access
method
Type and
size of data
exchanged
TOLED
ASi
CANopen
DeviceNet
Ethernet
TCP/IP
Modbus
Profibus-DP
FIPIO
Interbus
Modbus
Master
Slaves
CSMA/CA
CSMA/CA
CSMA/CD
Token ring
and
master/slaves
Bus manager
Master
Slaves
Single frame
Master
Slaves
Cyclic I/O:
I/O messages
8 IN bytes
8 OUT bytes
or >8 if fragmentation
Cyclic I/O:
I/O scanning
125 IN words
125 OUT words
ASi V1:
Cyclic: 4 IN bits
4 OUT bits
Acyclic: 4 P bits
ASi V2:
Cyclic: 4 IN bits
3 OUT bits
Acyclic: 3 P bits
Cyclic I/O: PDO
8 IN bytes
8 OUT bytes
Acyclic: SDO
Param./adjust.
>8 bytes due to
fractioning of
information
Acyclic:
Explicit messages
Param./adjust.
>8 bytes due to
fractioning of
information
Cyclic I/O:
PZD
244 IN words
244 OUT words
Acyclic:
Param./adjust.
PKW = 1 word at
via asynchronous
once
messaging 507
words
Cyclic I/O:
32 IN words
32 OUT words
Acyclic:
Param.= 30
words
Adust. = 30
words
Cyclic I/O:
256 I/O words
Acyclic:
256 words via
fragmentation
Acyclic variables
1920 bits
120 words
Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004
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Networks policy for "Industry"
H
Quiz
F
E
D
C
B
A
TOLED
Networks policy for "Industry"
Positioning of the main networks
Interconnection products
Main standards and concepts used
Communication criteria
Local industrial networks - Why use them?
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- Schneider Electric's Networks policy for
" Industry " market
Definitions
Basic principles of the strategy
Schneider's Core Networks
Legacy and Connectivity Networks
TOLED
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- definitions
CORE NETWORKS
Networks targeted and preferred by Schneider Electric
LEGACY NETWORKS
Networks "inherited" and subject to historical constraints
CONNECTIVITY NETWORKS
Networks used to meet market requirements
TOLED
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- basic principles of the strategy
Main principles:
 Policy of openness
Use of non-proprietary international standards for the core networks
 Commitment to Internet technologies
Our network strategy must reinforce our leadership in the field of Web automation
 Commitment to support Legacy networks
Gradual migration from old to new networks
 Ability to meet specific market needs
Use of third-party solutions for Connectivity networks
TOLED
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- Schneider Electric's Core networks
Data bus
Field bus
Ethernet TCP-IP
Modbus
Device bus
CANopen
Modbus RS485
Automation island
internal bus
ASi
Sensor bus
TOLED
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- Legacy and Connectivity Networks
LEGACY NETWORKS
FIPIO, Modbus Plus, Seriplex
As long as they provide technical advantages
CONNECTIVITY NETWORKS
DeviceNet, Profibus-DP, Interbus...
Pragmatic approach via a third-party solution to meet the
market needs of different countries
TOLED
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QUIZ
H
Quiz
F
E
D
C
B
A
TOLED
Networks policy for "Industry"
Positioning of the main networks
Interconnection products
Main standards and concepts used
Communication criteria
Local industrial networks - Why use them?
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A local industrial network is a system which
allows to exchange data between industrial
equipments



Over a parallel link
Over a digital serial link
Over analog values exchanges
Submit
TOLED
Clear
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Which type of topology is used on CANopen,
DeviceNet, Profibus-DP and FIPIO ?





Ring
Tree
Bus
Star
Grid
Submit
TOLED
Clear
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What is the OSI model ?



A standardization system which allows to evaluate the
network quality
A coding standard for alphanumeric characters
A 7 layers model dedicated to communication networks
Submit
TOLED
Clear
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Medium access control - Link control - Which
layer ?



Physical layer
Link layer
Application layer
Submit
TOLED
Clear
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What is the good description of a RS485 link ?



Point to point link - 15 meters
Multi-drop bus - Full-Duplex - 1000 meters
Multi-drop bus - Half-Duplex - 1000 meters
Submit
TOLED
Clear
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ASi : which definition ?



1 manager - 127 slaves
1 master - 62 slaves
Multi-masters - 122 devices maximum
Submit
TOLED
Clear
Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004
70
Which networks can run on 1 Mbits/s
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ASi
CANopen
Interbus
Profibus-DP
FIPIO
Modbus
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Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004
71
A gateway allows
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To extend the network length
To connect 2 network segments usind 2 different mediums
To connect 2 networks of different types
To reduce the collision numbers
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Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004
72
What is a core network in the Schneider
environment ?
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A network using coaxial cable
A targeted network in the Schneider automation architectures
A network meeting a bus topology
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Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004
73
What are the Schneider core networks ?
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ASi - CANopen (STB internal bus) - FIPWAY
ASi - FIPIO - Ethernet TCP-IP Modbus
ASi - CANopen (STB internal bus) - Ethernet TCP-IP Modbus
ASi - Modbus Plus - Ethernet TCP-IP Modbus
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Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004
74
Quiz Results
You scored {score} out of {total-score}
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Introduction to local industrial networks - September 2004
75