Transcript Chapter 1 - Indiana State University

MIS 430
Business Data Communications
and Networking 8/E
Chapter 1
Introduction to
Telecommunications
MIS 430 Chapter 1
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Introduction
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We’re in the 2nd industrial revolution –
the Information Age
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Revolutionize how people work through
networks: telephone, TV/radio, cable,
cellular, Internet, satellite, private
networks, ISDN, DSL, wireless, EDI
Global scope but different rules and
standards (protocols) make this tricky!
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Brief History of Telecomm
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1837: Samuel Morse –
telegraph Morse code
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Use 0 and 1: . And e=. A=.- 1=.- - -
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1874: Alexander Graham Bell
– telephone
1879: 1st PBX switchboard
1885: AT&T started; long
distance by ’89
1910: Interstate Commerce
Commission regulates
telephone service
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1915: 1st transatlantic and
transcontinental cable
1920: dial phones (self
service!)
1951: Microwave
transmission
1965: 1st satellite calls on
Telstar
1962: fax (facsimile) begins
1963: touchtone phones
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More Telecomm History …
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1968: Carterfone decision: AT&T allows non-Bell
equipment to be attached to line
1969: Picturefone (been to WDW Spaceship Earth?)
1970: MCI can offer long distance
1984: AT&T broken up into Baby Bells (RBOCs local)
and AT&T (long distance)
1984: cellular networks appear
1996: Telecommunications Act: vastly deregulated
telecomm industry
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Cable TV can deliver data
Active long distance competition
1997: International Agreement – 68 countries lessen
regulations
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Brief History of the Internet
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1969: began as Dept of Defense ARPANET
with packets, store & forward
1983: Split into two networks: Milnet and
university research centers
1989: high speed backbone on NSFNet
1990: combined networks into Internet
1992: commercial traffic allowed on Internet
1990s: very rapid growth world-wide ~ 40M
servers and 400M people online
200s: Wireless! (cellular, LAN)
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Data Comm Networks
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Components
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Server or host (PC or mainframe)
Client (PC, terminal, PDA, cell phone)
Circuit (data cable, modem, wireless)
Hub, router, switch (depends on network)
Schematic – see Figure 1.1 p. 14
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Data Comm Networks, contd.
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Types of networks – Fig 1.2 p. 16
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Local Area Network (LAN) – small radius, usually
one building or less
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Backbone Network (BN) – large central network
that connects other LANs (ISU)
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Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) – connects
LANs in span of 3-30 miles (IU)
Wide Area Network (WAN) – connects BNs and
MANs in different areas using pubic data networks
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Other Types of Networks new
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Personal Area Network: interconnects
you with your peripherals such as PDA,
laptop, printer, iPOD, etc.
Tiny Area Network: very small LAN for
your home
Campus Area Network: a business or
college campus, collection of LANs and
a BN that is smaller than a MAN.
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Data Comm Networks, contd
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More Types of Networks
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Internet – public network of networks
using TCP/IP protocol
Intranet - LAN using Internet technology
but within an organization (no public
access)
Extranet – same as intranet but carried
over the Internet and requires
authentication to use resources
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Network Models
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Help us visualize networks and allow
layers to be optimized independently
OSI – Open Systems Interconnection
Reference Model
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7 layer model (more details later)
Standards exist for each layer so can
substitute new HW and SW for a layer and
the system continues to work
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OSI Layers
Sender
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Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
Circuit
Receiver
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Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
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OSI Layer Functions
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Physical – transmit 0,1 over a circuit
Data Link – manage error-free transmission,
retransmit if error
Network – perform routing from node to node
Transport – end to end issues, logical connections
between sender and receiver
Session – initiate and maintain logical session
between end users
Presentation – formats data for presentation, does
data compression, translates between data formats
Application – end user’s access to network; provide
set of communications applications for appl SW
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Messages Using Layers
Each layer has a language or protocol that tells its
counterpart layer how to process data-see fig 1-4
p.20
 Application HTTP [packet]
 Transport
TCP (HTTP [packet])
 Network
IP (TCP HTTP [packet])
 Data Link
Ethernet (IP TCP HTTP [packet])
 Physical
01100011100011
Analogy is the Russian nested dolls: encapsulation
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Network Standards
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Critical: vendors must work together
Types of standards
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Defacto mailto:[email protected]
Proprietary standards may become industry
standards if the vendor has enough clout
Formal: industry groups formed to evaluate
and make decisions about details (next pg)
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Network Stds Organizations
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Standards organizations
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ISO International Standards Organization
http://www.iso.ch/iso/en/ISOOnline.frontpage
ITU – International Telecommunication Union
http://www.itu.int/home/index.html
ANSI American National Standards Institute
http://www.ansi.org/
IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
http://www.ieee.org/
IETF Internet Engineering Task Force http://www.ietf.org/
The Internet Society
http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/index.shtml
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Common Standards fig 1.5
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Application layer: HTTP, HTML, MPEG, POP
Transport layer: TCP, SPX (Novell)
Network layer: IP, IPX (Novell)
Data link layer: Ethernet 802.3, PPP (dialup),
wireless 802.11g, T1 (MAN and WAN)
Physical layer: RS-232C (serial), Category 5
cable (LAN), V.90 and V.92 modem
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Trends in Networking (here!)
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Pervasive networking
Faster transmission (fig 1-6 p.28)
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Telephone (300 to 56,00 to DSL 1.5 Mbps)
Wireless (1 Mbps to 11 Mbps to 10 Gbps)
WAN (56 Kbps to 45 Mbps to 25 Tbps)
Integration: voice, video, data
ASPs and information services on web
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Keeping up with Technology
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Read! Subscribe to an online news service
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www.anchordesk.com ZDNet
news.com.com C|Net
www.infoworld.com InfoWorld
www.nwfusion.com Network World Fusion
Vendors offer useful information as well
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Microsoft Knowledge Base (www.microsoft.com)
Cisco (www.cisco.com)
Novell (www.novell.com)
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