Transcript Lecture1 - IITK - Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur

CS102
COMPUTER SYSTEM
MANAGEMENT
Navpreet Singh
Computer Centre
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Kanpur INDIA
(Ph : 2597371, Email : [email protected])
About Myself
About Myself
I am Principal Computer Engineer at IIT Kanpur and I manage
the Campus Network and Internet Services of IITK.
IIT Kanpur has one of the largest networks in the country.
IITK Campus Network now has more than 12000 nodes providing
connectivity to more than 6000 users in Academic Departments,
Student Hostels and Residences.
IITK has 110 Mbps Internet Connectivity.
All application servers (Mail, DNS, Proxy Caching, Web etc.) are
maintained in-house.
B.Tech
(1990)
and
M.Tech
(1996)
from
Working in IIT Kanpur for more than 16 years
IIT
Kanpur
Course Objective
Course Objective
The course will cover:
Introduction to Computer Hardware & Software,
Operating Systems, Computer Networks and
Internet.
Develop a conceptual understanding of PC
internals, Computing Environment, Computer
Networks and Internet.
Enable the students to diagnose and troubleshoot
Computer Hardware and Software problems.
Course Outline
Course Outline
There will be thirteen Lectures and associated Lab
Assignments.
The lecture slides, assignments and references are
available
on
the
course
website:
http://home.iitk.ac.in/~navi/iiitdcourse
All the Lectures will be 1.5 hours and will be in the
form of recorded presentations.
The Assignments will be take home to be
completed and submitted in the next lecture class.
Course Content
Lecture Topics
Lecture 1 & 2: Basic components of a Computer
System:
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CPU; Memory; Disk Storage
Input/Output units (Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor; CD/DVD Drives,
Speaker/Microphone etc)
Motherboard; Power Supply; Network Interface
Peripherals:- function of each component
Assembly/Disassembly; Troubleshooting
Lecture 3 & 4: Operating System and Application
Software:
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Hardware and Software
Systems Software and Application Software
Features of a widely used operating environment such as MS
WINDOWS, UNIX or LINUX
Comparison of operating environments; Various File Systems
Application Software and APIs
Troubleshooting
Course Content
Lecture Topics
Lecture 5 & 6: UNIX/LINUX:
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Introduction to UNIX Architecture
UNIX File System and Access Control
UNIX Commands
Troubleshooting
Lecture 7 & 8: Computer Networking:
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Introduction to Computer Networks and Network Applications
Components of a Network (Physical Media, Switch, Router etc.)
IP addressing; Introduction to TCP/IP
Wireless Networks
Network Architecture (Campus, Residential and Corporate Networks)
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Troubleshooting
Course Content
Lecture Topics
Lecture 9: Computing Environment:
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Client Server Architecture
Desktops, Works Stations, Servers & Clusters
Diskless Clients
Storage and Backup
Data Center Setup
Lecture 10 & 11: Internet and Internet Applications:
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Internet Architecture
How the Web works
Google Architecture
Working of DNS, Email, WWW, Proxy
Troubleshooting
Course Content
Lecture Topics
Lecture 12 & 13: Computer and Network Security
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Security Threats (Hacking, DoS attacks, Mail Spam, Malware, Phishing
etc.)
Firewall
Unified Threat Management
Wireless security
Course Content
Assignment Topics
There will be thirteen take home assignments
All the assignments have been designed to give
you hands on experience on the topics being
covered in the lectures.
You are expected to use your personal laptop to
do the assignments
References which will be helpful in the
assignments will be provided in the course
website.
Grading
Grading Guidelines
Two Exam: 20% each
Lab Assignment: 60% (5% each, best of 12)
Course References
References
The course slides, assignments and references
will be available at
http://home.iitk.ac.in/~navi/iiitdcourse
Online on the Web
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page
QUESTIONS?
Components
Computing Infrastructure
Components
Servers
Clients
LAN
Internet Connectivity
Software
Storage
Backup
Security
Computation
Integration is the Key !
Network
Data
Management
Computer
Today’s Computer
Computer
Computer Model
Input: keyboard, mouse, scanner, punch cards
Processing: CPU executes the computer program
Output: monitor, printer, fax machine
Storage: hard drive, optical media, diskettes,
magnetic tape
Components
Computer Components
Components
Computer Components
CPU
Memory
Hard Disk
Mother Board
CD/DVD Drives
Adaptors
Power Supply
Display
Keyboard
Mouse
Network Interface
I/O ports
CPU
CPU
CPU – Central Processing Unit (Microprocessor)
consists of three parts:
Control Unit
• Execute programs/instructions: the machine language
• Move data from one memory location to another
• Communicate between other parts of a PC
Arithmetic Logic Unit
• Arithmetic operations: add, subtract, multiply, divide
• Logic operations: and, or, xor
• Floating point operations: real number manipulation
Registers
CPU
Processor Architecture
CPU
CPU
CPU speed is influenced by several factors:
Clock speed: Megahertz, Gigahertz
Word size : 32-bit or 64-bit word sizes
Cache: Level 1, Level 2 caches
Instruction set size
Single Core/Multi Core
CPU
Multi-Core Processor Architecture
CPU
CPU
Desktop Processor: Intel (Pentium) Core 2
Duo/Quad, AMD Athelon (Dual/Quad Core)
Mobile Processor: Intel (Centrino 2) Core 2 Duo,
AMD Turion (Dual Core)
Server Processor: Intel Xeon Quad Core, AMD
Optron Quad Core, RISC (Reduced Instruction Set
Computer): IBM Power PC, SUN SPARC ..
Atom Processor
QUESTIONS?
Memory
MEMORY
ROM: For BIOS (Basic Input Output System)
CMOS RAM: Battery-backed memory used to store
system specific parameters required by the system
BIOS to boot. It also stores the system clock
information.
RAM: Dynamic RAM and used for storing Data and
programs which disappear after task
completed or power turned off
Size: ex. 512MB, 2 GB ..
Speed: ex. 533MHz, 667 MHz ..
Type: ex. DDR2/3 SDRAM (Double Data Rate Synchronous RAM)
Packaging: DIMM, SIMM…
Cache: Static RAM attached to the CPU and used for
storing current data. L1, L2, L3 Cache
Hard Disk
HARD DISK
Magnetic storage device. It
stores data by magnetizing
particles on a disk.
Used to store operating
system,
application
software, utilities and data.
Metal, plastic, or glass
platter(s)
2 magnetic surfaces/platter
1 or more platters per
spindle
3,600 – 15,000 rpm
1 head/platter
Head(s) move in and out
Hard Disk
HOW DATA IS ORGANIZED ON DISK
TracksCircular areas of the disk
Length of a track one
circumference of disk
Over 1000 on a hard disk
Data first written to outer
most track
SectorsDivides tracks sections
CylindersLogical groupings of the
same track on each disk
surface in a disk unit
ClustersGroups of sectors used by
operating system
64 sectors in one cluster
Data
stored
in
blocks
(pages) of .5 to 8 KB
Hard Disk
HARD DISK
IDE: Obsolete, also called PATA (Parallel Advanced
Technology Attachment ), I/O Rate: 16 MB/s originally
later 33, 66, 100 and 133 MB/s ,
SATA (Serial ATA): Used in Desktops/Laptops, I/O Rate:
1.5/3 Gbps, 5400/7200 RPM
SCSI (Small Computer System Interface ): Used in Servers,
10/15K RPM, I/O Rate: 160/320 MB/s
SAS (Serial Attached SCSI ): Used in Servers, 10/15K RPM,
I/O Rate: 3 Gbps
FC (Fiber Channel): I/O Rate 4 Gbps, Expensive and used in
Storage
iSCSI: I/O Rate 4 Gbps, Expensive and used in Storage
Solid State Drive: non-volatile flash memory
Hard Disk
HARD DISK
Low-level format- organizes both sides of each
platter into tracks and sectors to define where items
will be stored on the disk.
Partitioning: divide hard disk into separate areas
called partitions; each partition functions as if it were
a separate hard disk drive.
High-level format: defines the file allocation table
(FAT) for each partition, which is a table of
information used to locate files on the disk.
QUESTIONS?