Transcript Beyond 3G LONG TERM EVOLUTION LTE

Beyond 3G
LTE/EPC (SAE )
LTE: Long Term Evolution
SAE: System Architecture Evolution
(Now EPC: Enhanced Packed Core)
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Agenda
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Quick overview 3GPP / 3G Technologies
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Overview 4G Technologies
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LTE/SAE Architecture
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LTE/SAE Interfaces
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LTE/SAE Protocols
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What is 3GPP?
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3GPP stands for 3rd Generation Partnership Project
It is a partnership of 6 regional SDOs (Standards Development Organizations)
Japan
USA
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These SDOs take 3GPP specifications and transpose them to regional
standards
ITU references the regional standards
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3G Technologies Overview
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3GPP : UMTS
 Phase 1 (3GPP release 5) : HSDPA service, upto 10 Mbps
 Phase 2 : Uplink high-speed data, high-speed access for TDD
 Phase 3 : Capacity Improvements in UL and DL, above 10 Mbps
3GPP2 : cdma2000
 CDMA2000 1x : upto 144 Kbps
 CDMA2000 1xEV-DO
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high rate packet data (HRPD) service, separate carrier for data only
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upto 2.4 Mbps on the downlink, 153 Kbps on the uplink
 CDMA2000 1xEV-DV
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All-IP architecture for radio access and core network, upto 3 Mbps
Next-Generation Cellular System (in about 2010)
 100 Mbps full-mobility wide area coverage
 1 Gbps low-mobility local area coverage
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Introduction To 4G
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4G is term of Fourth-Generation Communications System.
End-to-end IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia
can be served to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis at higher
data rates than previous generations.
Support interactive multimedia, voice, video, wireless internet and
other broadband services.
Limitation to meet expectations of applications like multimedia, full
motion video, wireless teleconferencing
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- cont’d
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High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.
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Global mobility, service portability, scalable mobile networks.
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Seamless switching, variety of services based on Quality of Service
(QoS) requirements
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Better scheduling and call admission control techniques.
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Ad hoc networks and multi-hop networks.
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Why Move Towards 4G?
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Wider Bandwidth
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Difficult to move and interoperate due to different standards
hampering global mobility and service portability
Primarily Cellular (WAN) with distinct LANs’; need a new
integrated network
Limitations in applying recent advances in spectrally more
efficient modulation schemes
Need all all digital network to fully utilize IP and converged video
and data
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Where Do We Want to Go?
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Seamless Roaming
Integrated “standard” Networks
Mobile Intelligent Internet
Onwards to (Ultra) Wideband Wireless IP
Networks
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-cont’d
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HSPA is the first progressive step toward delivering ‘triple
play’ (telephony, broadband and TV) in a mobile broadband
environment
Likely acceptance of mobile broadband and mobile triple play
will raise the need for evolved UMTS; therefore it is vital that
operators ensure the long term evolution of 3G infrastructure
The 3GPP RAN Long Term Evolution (LTE) task force was
created at end 2004, notably considering the ‘Super 3G’
proposal of NTT DoCoMo
The proposed RAN architecture, placing increasing
functionality within the NodeB, will be based on IP routing
with existing 3G spectrum, providing speeds up to 100 Mbps
by using channel – transmission bandwidth between
1.25MHz and 20MHz
3GPP Evolved UMTS specifications should target availability
of commercial products around 2008-2010
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4G Networks Advances
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Seamless mobility (roaming)
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100 Mb/se full mobility (wide area); 1 Gbit/s low mobility (local area)
IP-based communications systems for integrated voice, data, and video
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IP RAN
Open unified standards
Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)
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Roam freely from one standard to another
Integrate different modes of wireless communications – indoor networks
(e.g., wireless LANs and Bluetooth); cellular signals; radio and TV; satellite
communications
Successor to “SS7”; replacement for TCP
Maintain several data streams within a single connection
Service Location Protocol (SLP)
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Automatic resource discovery
Make all networked resources dynamically configurable through IP-based
service and directory agents
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3G To 4G Transition
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3.5 G
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Evolved radio Interface
IP based core network
4G
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New Air Interface
Very high bit rate services
Convergence of Wireline, Wireless, and IP worlds
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4G Vision
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3G Evolution and Vision
Evolution
All-IP
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Network
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3G Evolution
Long Term Vision
Long Term Vision
Time
3G
Beyond 3G
Evolution Phase
AN first evolution path
Present
Network
IP based
MM network
All-IP
Network
Phase 2
Phase 3
CN first evolution path
Phase 0
Phase 1
Time
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4G Vision
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4G Vision
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4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system of
systems and network of networks wired and
wireless networks (e.g.: computer, consumer
electronics, communication technology…)
Providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s, respectively, in
outdoor and indoor environments
End-to-end quality of service
High security
Offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere
Affordable cost and one billing
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Wireless Access Evolution
Subscribers
 Broadband
 Broadband
 New Services
 Efficiency
 Network
Simplification
 Cost of
Ownership
 Voice Quality
 Portability
 Coverage
 Capacity
 Mobility
Voice
Broadband
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1x
HRPDA
CDMA EVDO
3GPP2
2000-1X 1x EVDV 1x EVDV
Rel. C Rel. D
Metro Area
Nomadic
GSM
GPRS
EDGE
UMTS
HSPA
4G Air Interfaces
MOBILE
BROADBAND
LTE
3GPP
802.16e
(Mobile WIMAX)
Mobile Industry
802.16a/d
(Fixed NLOS)
Fixed Wireless Industry
Local Area
Fixed
Coverage/Mobility
Wide Area
Mobile
Two Key technologies are evolving to meet the Wireless
Broadband Requirements
Dial Up
DSL Experience
Data Rates (kbps)
802.16
(Fixed LOS)
802.11n
(smart antennas)
802.11
Mesh extns.
802.11b/a/g
100,000 +
Higher Data Rate / Lower Cost per Bit
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Intro To LTE
studied and developed in 3GPP is an evolution of 3G into an evolved radio
access referred to as the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and an evolved packet
access core network in the System Architecture Evolution (SAE).
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4G Technology
Broadband Wireless
Triple Play (Voice, Video & Data)
All IP-Network
Integrated Technology
True high-speed mobile data
Full-motion HD video anywhere
Stream any content
Mobile peer2peer & Web 2.0
Common core for all access technology
Centralized IMS services Common applications across access technology
Spectrum flexibility 1.25 to 20MHz for re-use in existing spectrum
End-2-End QoS Allow prioritization of different class of service
All-IP vision: base stations become an access router
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3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)
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3GPP (LTE) is Adopting:
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OFDMA in DL with 64QAM
All IP e2e Network
Channel BWs up to 20 MHz
Both TDD and FDD profiles
Flexible Access Network
Advanced Antenna Technologies
UL: Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), (64QAM optional)
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4 x Increased Spectral Efficiency, 10 x Users Per Cell
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LTE (Long Term Evaluation)
Supply Bandwidths from 1.25-20 MHz
Subcarriers spacing 15kHz.
Bit rate up to 100Mbps, and by using MIMO the
speed should reach 350Mbps !
SC-FDMA for U.L. & OFDM for D.L.
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3G Evolution LTE / SAE
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Radio Side (LTE – Long Term Evolution)
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Improvements in spectral efficiency, user throughput, latency
Simplification of the radio network
Efficient support of packet based services: MBMS, IMS, etc.
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Evolved-UTRA
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The air interface, Evolved-UTRA (E-UTRA) is used by UMTS
operators in deploying their own wireless networks. The E-UTRA
system uses OFDMA for the downlink and Single Carrier FDMA
for the uplink. It uses MIMO with a maximum of four antennas
per station.
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Network Side (SAE – System Architecture Evolution)
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Improvement in latency, capacity, throughput
Simplification of the core network
Optimization for IP traffic and services
Simplified support and handover to non-3GPP access technologies
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Faster
40-100Mbps
Fiber like speed on mobile
+ True high-speed mobile data
+ Full-motion HD video anywhere
+ Stream any content
+ Mobile peer2peer & Web 2.0
EDGE
ADSL
+ Quadruple play
EVDO-A
HSDPA
ADSL-2+
+ Faster email access
+ Instantaneous web pages
LTE
Fiber
Mbps
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Lower Cost
+ Spectral efficiency
Better utilization of spectrum available
+ Low frequency, Advanced
Receivers and Smart Antenna
For improved coverage and reduced
cost of ownership
+ Increased Capacity
Much higher user and sector throughput
for lower individual cost service delivery
$
UMTS rel.99 voice call cost
10%
LTE VoIP cost*
Predicted LTE VoIP voice call cost* - Sound Partners Limited Research
+ Simpler RAN, IP Core &
Centralized service delivery
Fewer nodes & interfaces (NodeB/RNC/Gateway)
One Network & IMS for all access
technologies
+ Connect to legacy cores
Existing network asset investment protection
+ 3GPP/2 Market traction
3GPP subscribers
85% market share
Economy of scale
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More Responsive
10-5msec
latency
Highly Responsive Multimedia
+ Improved user experience
+ Fast VoIP call set-up
+ Instantaneous web pages
+ Streaming fast buffering
EDGE
ADSL
+ Online mobile gaming
EVDO-A
HSDPA
ADSL-2+
LTE
Fiber
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LTE Key agreements
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2 main issues have been investigated:
 The physical layer
 The access network internal architecture
Physical layer
 Downlink based on OFDMA
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Uplink based on SC-FDMA
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SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited for uplink
from hand-held devices
(battery power considerations)
For both FDD and TDD modes
(User Equipment to support both)
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OFDMA offers improved spectral efficiency, capacity etc
With Similar framing + an option for TD SCDMA
framing also
Access Network consideration
 For the access network it was agreed to get rid of the RNC which
minimized the number of nodes
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Expectations for 3GPP Evolution
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End User
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Network Operators
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Ubiquitous mobile access
Easy access to applications & services
Appropriate quality at reasonable cost
Long battery life
Enhanced security
QoS and security management
Flexibility in network configuration
Reduced cost of equipment
Maximized usage and sharing capabilities
Single authentication
Manufacturer/Application Developer
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Reduced cost of equipment
Access to global market
Programmable platforms
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3G Long Term Evolution
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RAN
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Long term target peak data rates
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Up to 100 Mbps in full mobility, wide area deployments
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Up to 1 Gbps in low mobility, local area deployments
Long term spectral efficiency target:
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In a single (isolated) cell, up to 5-10 bps/Hz
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In a multi-cellular case, up to 2-3 bps/Hz
Reaching the peak data rate targets
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by gradual evolution of existing 3GPP (UTRAN) and alternate access
means
(e.g. WLAN)
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by new access techniques
CN
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Seamless integrated network
Broadband and multiple bearer service capability
Interworking between 3GPP mobile network and other networks
Ad-hoc networking approach
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3GPP LTE and SAE
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Goal of LTE
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Significantly increased peak data rates, scaled linearly
according to spectrum allocation
Targets:
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Instantaneous downlink peak data rate of 100Mbit/s in a
20MHz downlink spectrum (i.e. 5 bit/s/Hz)
Instantaneous uplink peak data rate of 50Mbit/s in a 20MHz
uplink spectrum (i.e. 2.5 bit/s/Hz)
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3GPP LTE and SAE
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In the Core network:
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The LTE effort to meet the technical and performance
requirements requires a reduction in the number of network
nodes involved in data processing and transport. This has
resulted in new System Architecture Evolution (SAE) which
becomes the core network architecture of 3GPP's future LTE
wireless communication standard.
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Services are provided by IMS core
One node to provide the SGSN and GGSN functionality
Mobility Management Entity and User Plan Entity might be
collocated in the Access Gateway entity but this is still an open
point
Full architecture provided with two nodes IMS
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3GPP LTE and SAE
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SAE focus is on:
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enhancement of Packet Switched technology to
cope with rapid growth in IP traffic
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higher data rates
lower latency
packet optimised system
through
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fully IP network
simplified network architecture
distributed control
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LTE Architecture
MME/UPE
MME/UPE
S1
Evolved
Packet
EPC
Core
E-UTRAN
X2
eNB
eNB
X2
X2
eNB
MME/UPE = Mobility Management Entity/User Plane Entity
eNB = eNodeB
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eUTRAN (LTE) interfaces
Logical view
MME/GW
S1-C
S1-C
Evolved
Packet
Core
S1-C
Evolved
UTRAN
X2
eNode B
X2
eNode B
eNode B
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Key LTE radio access features
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LTE radio access
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Downlink: OFDM
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Uplink: SC-FDMA
SC-FDMA
Advanced antenna solutions
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OFDMA
Diversity
Beam-forming
Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)
Spectrum flexibility
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Flexible bandwidth
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New and existing bands
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Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD
TX
TX
1.4 MHz
20 MHz
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3GPP LTE and SAE
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System Architecture Evolution
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Looking at the implications for the overall
architecture resulting from:
3GPP’s (Radio Access Network) LTE work
3GPP All-IP Network specification (TS22.978)
the need to support mobility between
heterogeneous access networks
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3GPP LTE and SAE
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SAE architecture
GERAN
Gb
Iu
GPRS Core
PCRF
UTRAN
Rx+
S7
S3
S4
HSS
S6
Evolved RAN
S1
MME
UPE
S5
Inter AS
Anchor
Evolved Packet Core
S2
non 3GPP
IP Access
Gi
Op.
IP
Serv.
(IMS,
PSS,
etc…)
S2
WLAN
3GPP IP Access
* Color coding:
red indicates new functional element / interface
MME – Mobility Management
Entity
UPE – User Plane Entity
AS – Access System
Red indicates new functional element / interface
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SAE Componenets
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Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) - to provide connections
for GERAN and UTRAN Networks
Serving Gateway - to terminate the interface toward the 3GPP
radio-access networks
PDN Gateway - to control IP data services like routing,
addressing, policy enforcing and providing access to non-3GPP
access networks
Mobility Management Entity (MME) - to manage control plane
context, authentication and authorization
User Plane Entity (UPE) - to manage user contexts, ciphering,
packet routing and forwarding, and mobility
3GPP anchor - to manage mobility for 2G/3G and LTE systems
SAE anchor - to manage mobility for non 3GPP RATs
Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) - to
manage Quality of Service (QoS) aspects
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Interfaces
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S1-MME: The S1-MME interface provides the control plane protocol
between the LTE RAN and MME.
S1-U: The S1-U interface provides a per bearer user plane tunneling
between the LTE RAN and Serving GW. It contains support for path
switching during handover between eNodeBs. S1-U is based on the GTPU protocol that is also used for Iu user plane in the Rel-7 architecture.
S3: The S3 interface enables user and bearer information exchange for
inter 3GPP access network mobility in idle and/or active state. It is based
on the GTP protocol and the Gn interface as defined between SGSNs.
S4: The S4 interface provides the user plane with related control and
mobility support between GPRS Core and the 3GPP Anchor function of
Serving GW and is based on the GTP protocol and the Gn reference point
as defined between SGSN and GGSN.
S5: The S5 interface provides user plane tunneling and tunnel
management between Serving GW and PDN GW. It is used for Serving
GW relocation due to UE mobility, and if the Serving GW needs to connect
to a non-collocated PDN GW for the required PDN connectivity. There are
two variants of the S5 interface, one based on the GTP protocol and one
IETF variant based on Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIP).
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Interfaces contd.
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S6a: The S6a interface enables transfer of subscription and authentication
data for authenticating/authorizing user access to the evolved system
(AAA interface) between MME and HSS.
S7: The S7 interface provides transfer of (QoS) policy and charging rules
from PCRF to Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) in the
PDN GW. The interface is based on the Gx interface.
S8a: The S8a interface is the roaming interface in case of roaming with
home routed traffic. It provides user plane with related control between the
Serving GW in the VPLMN and the PDN GW in the HPLMN. It is based on
the GTP protocol and the Gp interface as defined between SGSN and
GGSN. S8a is a variant of S5 for the roaming (inter-PLMN) case. There is
also an IETF variant of called S8b that is based on Proxy Mobile IPv6
(PMIP).
S10: The S10 interface between MMEs provides MME relocation and
MME to MME information transfer.
S11: The S11 interface is the interface between MME and Serving GW.
SGi: The SGi interface is the interface between the PDN GW and the
packet data network. Packet data network may be an operator external
public or private packet data network or an intra operator packet data
network, e.g. for provision of IMS services. This interface corresponds to
Gi and Wi interfaces and support any 3GPP or non-3GPP access.
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OFDM Characteristics
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High peak-to-average power levels
Preservation of orthogonally in severe multi-path
Efficient FFT based receiver structures
Enables efficient TX and RX diversity
Adaptive antenna arrays without joint equalization
Support for adaptive modulation by sub-carrier
Frequency diversity
Robust against narrow-band interference
Efficient for simulcasting
Variable/dynamic bandwidth
Used for highest speed applications
Supports dynamic packet access
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Traditional FDM Signal and OFDM
Ch.1
Ch.2
Ch.3
Ch.4
Ch.5
Ch.6
Ch.7
Ch.8
Ch.9
Ch.10
A
Conventional multicarrier techniques
Ch.2
Ch.1
Ch.4
Ch.3
Ch.6
Ch.5
Ch.8
Ch.7
frequency
Ch.10
Ch.9
B
50% bandwidth saving
Orthogonal multicarrier techniques OFDM
frequency
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OFDMA Symbol Structure
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The OFDMA symbol structure consists of three types of subcarriers as shown in Figure.
Data sub-carriers for data transmission
Pilot sub-carriers for estimation and synchronization purposes
Null sub-carriers for no transmission: DC carriers
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All Sub carrier need to Orthogonal
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Duplexing Technique
FDD/TDD
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Multiple Access Method
TDMA/OFDMA
OFDM Symbols allocated by TDMA
Sub-Carriers within an OFDM Symbol allocated by OFDMA
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Diversity
Frequency, Time, Code (CPE and BS), Space
Time Coding, Antenna Array
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Duplexing - Principles
FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing ) Uses One
Frequency for the DownLink, and a Second
Frequency for the UpLink.
TDD (time Division Duplexing) Uses the same
frequency for the Downlink and the Uplink.
In any configuration the access method is
OFDMA/TDMA .
DownLink
UpLink
FDD
F1 - Frequency band
DownLink
F2 - Frequency band
UpLink
TDD
F1 - Frequency band
F1 - Frequency band
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LTE Time Line
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LTE/SAE Technology Life Cycle
• LTE (Long Term Evolution), a 3GPP concept, defines a long-term evolution for radio
access technology.
• SAE (System Architecture Evolution), a 3GPP concept, defines a long-term evolution for
core network.
• LTE and SAE have been approached independently, however by enhancing each
other, they are no more separable today.
Mass deployment
Standard aimed
to be finalized
Initial study
completed
2006
2007
Commercial
deployment start
Trial start
Standard aimed
to be developed
2008
2009
Year
2010
2015
Source: 3GPP &UMTS-Forum
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Mobile broadband speed evolution
Reported Subscriptions
(million)
7 000
6 000
5 000
4 000
3 000
LTE Evolution
2 000
1 000
0
2006
Other
LTE
2007
CDMA
2008
Mobile WiMAX
2009
2010
GSM/GPRS/EDGE
2011
2012
WCDMA
2013
HSPA
LTE
HSPA Evolution
HSPA
3G- R’99
Peak rate
384 kbps
2002
3.6 Mbps
2005
7/14 Mbps
2007
21/28/42 Mbps
~150 Mbps
Target
1 Gbps
2008/2009
2009
2013
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Wireless Broadband
Main vendor strategies
Vendor
HSPA
LTE
EVDO
Mobil
e
UMB
WiMA
X
Cooperation
with Huawei
Sold to ALU 2006
Support
Focus
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Thank You For Your Passion
Q&A
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