Network Topology and Internetworking
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Transcript Network Topology and Internetworking
Network Components and
Equipment
Organizational Communications and
Technologies
Prithvi N. Rao
H. John Heinz III School of Public
Policy and Management
Carnegie Mellon University
Readings
High Speed and Wireless LANs(Stallings
and van Slyke) Chapter 10
Objectives
Identify the main components of a network
Describe the types of servers that can exist on a LAN
Discuss differences between deterministic and nondeterministic media access protocols
Describe the features of LAN media and be familiar
with LAN equipment
Network Components
Networks are constructed with 3 main components
Computers
Media
Communication equipment
Assembly of components depends on requirements of
network
Incorrect design and implementation results in
expensive re-engineering of network
Computers
Various hardware and software platforms
DOS
OS/2
Macintosh
Unix
Some platforms are pure clients others can be both
Performance
Software availability
End-user
Computers
Network server can represent any computer
providing services to other computers on network
Server can provide services to other clients, hosts, or
other servers
Servers
File Servers are centralized file system
Mechanism for storing and retrieving data for applications
Mechanism for protecting data through record locking
Provide database transaction tracking and security
Communication servers
Provide communication services
Permit other nodes to transmit data on a LAN
Provide services of a NOS
Permit access to foreign networks or wide area networks
Servers
Print servers
Permit sharing of printers
Permits multiple users to share single printer
Print jobs are spooled
Database server
Provides dedicated and centralized source for all users and
LAN to access a common database
Servers
Application servers provide a vast array of services
Modem pooling
Electronic mail distribution
Database services
Load balancing
Can be single machine or collection of machines
Novell Netware file server provides file system services, communication
services print services and application services
Client Workstations
Workstations make up majority of computers on
network
Any computer attached to LAN not dedicated to providing
services to other computers
Can be clients or peer hosts
Clients depend on communication server to process request
for data transmission services
Clients run shells, redirector or requester
Can double as non-dedicated servers
Terminate and stay resident (TSR)
Enable interaction with servers and other workstations
Client Workstations
Peer hosts are independent network node units
Possess all necessary software to communicate with other
hosts
Not dependent on communication server to provide NOS
software to communicate
Multi-user computers typically peer hosts
DOS is limited because of single tasking
Unix typically can be peer hosts
LAN Media
Including type of media following are important
Topology or physical layout of cable plant (token ring,
ethernet)
Media access technique
Encoding scheme
Media Access Technique
10 base 2, BUS, Thinnet Segment, 185 meters max, 30 nodes
10 Base 5, BUS, Thicknet Segment, 500 meters max, 100 nodes
10 Base T, Star, 1 cable per node (type 1 – 5) (STP, UTP)
10 Base F, Star, 1 cable per node, fiber
Broadcast – CSMA/CD
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
STP shielded and twisted pair
UTP unshielded twisted pair
Network Interface Card (NIC)
Responsible for
Providing access to media
Interfacing at the physical level with cabling system
Framing data for transmission
Error detection of transmission units that have been received
Concentrators / Hubs
Concentrator hubs simple multiport repeaters
Repeaters work to extend cable segments past their physical
un-repeated limit
Multiport repeaters create number of physical LAN segments
and logically combine them together
Concentrator hubs can maintain a ring or bus
internally while creating a physical star topology
Hub Benefits
Facilitate fault detection
Support for different protocols
Ethernet, token ring, FDDI can all be combined in a single
hub
Can be easily linked to backbone
Support different media using similar protocol
Thinnet, thicknet and 10-Base T Ethernet segments can be
combined in a single hub
Summary
Servers are any computer providing services to other
computers on the network
Workstations make up majority of computers on
network
LAN media has specific characteristics
Topology
Type of access scheme