Transcript SPC 3750 High-Tech Communication Spring 1998 Internet History

SPC 2030
High-Tech Communication
Internet History and Structure
Orientation
• Growth
• History
• Structure
3 dimensional map of internet as of 1995
How many on line?
World Total
Africa
Asia/Pacific
Europe
Middle East
North America
June 1999
179 M
1.14 M
26.97 M
42.69 M
880,000
102.3 M
United States 94.3 m
Canada 8 m
South America
5.29 M
May 2002
580.79 M
6.13 M
167.86 M
185.83 M
5.12 M
182.59 M
165.75 m
16.84 m
32.99 M
The Internet World in 1991
The Internet World in 1997
Net growth in real time
http://www.netsizer.com/
Internet Timeline
• 1957 Sputnik Launched, ARPA formed as a
response (Advanced Research Projects
Agency)
1962 Rand Study
• How to create a computer system that
would survive a nuclear war
– No central authority
– designed from the beginning to operate in
tatters
– assume network is unreliable
– inefficient but rugged
• Develop packet switching networks with no
single outage point
1969 -- APRA Research
• Commissioned by DOD to research
networking
• Original purpose to share long distance
computer time
• Four nodes (UCLA, Stanford, UCSB, Utah)
• by 1971 15 nodes (UCLA, SRI, UCSB, Utah, BBN,
MIT, RAND, SDC, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, Stanford,
UIUC, CWRU, CMU, NASA/Ames)
The 1970’s
• 1969 Compuserve Started
• 1971 -- Email program developed (Ray
Tomlinson of BBN)
• 1973 -- Ethernet concept outlined (Bob
Metcalfe’s Dissertation)
• 1974 TCP Proposed
• 1976 Queen Elizabeth II send an E-mail
• 1979 First MUD
The 1980’s
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1981 -- Bitnet “Because it’s Time Network”
1983 -- Military forms MILNET
1983 -- Change from NCP to TCP/IP
1984 -- Prodigy Formed by IBM/Sears
1984 -- Domain Name Server introduced
1985 -- America on Line Started
1986 -- First freenet, Cleveland
1988 -- IRC developed
1989 -- ARPANET ends (Internet born)
The Early 1990’s
• 1990 -- ARPANET ceases to exist
• 1990 -- Electronic Frontier Foundation
founded
• 1990 -- Archie released
• 1991 -- NSF lifts commercial restrictions
on use of Internet
• 1991 -- Gopher released
• 1991 -- WWW released by CERN
The mid-1990’s
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1993 -- Internet radio starts
1993 -- White House goes on line
1993 -- Mosaic takes the net by storm
1994 -- Internet shopping malls
1994 -- First spam (Canter and Siegel law firm,
green card lottery services)
• 1994 First Virtual on-line banking
The later 1990’s
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1996 -- Internet Phones
1996 -- Communication Decency Act
1996 -- Browser wars
1997 -- Push Technology, multicasting, and
streaming media
Current Internet Domains
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edu (Education)
com (Commercial)
org (Organization)
us (United States)
gov (Government)
mil (Military)
net (Net)
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ws (Western Samoa)
biz (Business)
bz (Belize)
info (Information)
tv (Tuvalu)
cc (Cocos or Keeling
Islands)
• name (personal
names)
Future Internet Domains
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aero (airline industry)
museum (Museums)
pro (Professional sites)
coop (Business Cooperatives)
Addresses
[email protected]
Personal
Account
Machine
Domain
System
Country
Network Protocol
• NCP -- Network Control Protocol
• TCP/IP
– Transmission Control Protocol -- Message
conversion to packet streams
– Internet Protocol -- Addressing
123.123.123.123
How the Internet works
Message
Message divided
into packets
Message
reassembled
Sending E-mail and serving Web Pages