Transcript connect - Kittiphan Techakittiroj

Connections:
Middleware and Network
Kittiphan Techakittiroj
[email protected]
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (10/04/59 22:38
Introduction
• Clients: need services
• Servers: serve the need
• Middleware: Connection between Clients &
Servers
– software: standard, protocol, commercial
software
– hardware: physical connection, router, gateway
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (10/04/59 22:38
Configuration of Client/Server
• tiny shops or individual
• small shops or departments
• intergalactic enterprises
• post scarcity world
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (10/04/59 22:38
Configuration of Client/Server
Tiny Shops or Individual
• Both client and server are on the same machine
• Powerful machine: usually the case of current
available machine
• Robust Operating System
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (10/04/59 22:38
Configuration of Client/Server
Small Shops or Deparments
• one server/many clients: all clients access one server
• Popular architecture of local area networks
• Easy for administration
– Known clients -> customized for specific needs
– Administrator has full control over server
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Configuration of Client/Server
Intergalactic Enterprises
• many servers/one client: client designed to access
many servers
• Current of Internet/Intranet Application
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Configuration of Client/Server
Intergalactic Enterprises (cont.)
• Expandable, Flexible, Fault Tolerance
• Require a good middleware: e.g. security,
bandwidth
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (10/04/59 22:38
Configuration of Client/Server
Post-Scarcity World
• Distributed systems: each individual machine acts
as both client and server
• Require powerful resources
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Configuration of Client/Server
Real World
• Combination of all
– LAN with Internet
• Need to consider the advantage, disadvantage
• Other arrangement is possible: depends on
definition
– number of clients or servers
– geographical boundary
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Inside Middleware
• Client Building Block
• Server Building Block
• Middleware Building Block
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (10/04/59 22:38
Inside the Middleware
Client Building Block
• Usually built-in OS
• Graphical User Interface (GUI)
• Object Oriented User Interface (OOUI)
• Web Browser
• Distributed System Management (DSM)
• etc.
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (10/04/59 22:38
Inside the Middleware
Server Building Block
• SQL Database Servers
• TP Monitors
• Groupware Servers
• Object Servers
• Web Server
• DSM Component
• etc.
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Inside the Middleware
Middleware Building Block
• Transport Stack
• Network Operating Systems (NOS)
• DSM
• Service Specific
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Server-to-Server Middleware
• For n-tier system
• Might be future trend of network
application
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Network Connection
• Size of Network
– Local Area Network (LAN)
– Wide Area Network (WAN)
• Standard Protocol: TCP/IP, NetBIOS, IPX/SPX,
AppleTalk
• Layer Concept: ISO Layer, Internet Protocol Suite
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Network Topology
• The way of connect computers together
• WAN will be irregular (f)
Computer Networks by Andrew S. Tanenbaum
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Network Connection
Layer Concept
• Split to small functionality connect to each other
• Easy to implement, maintenance
Internet & Intranet Engineering by Daniel Minoli
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (10/04/59 22:38
Network Connection: Layer Concept
Internet Suite (TCP/IP protocol)
• Link Layer: interconnection (hardware &
software)
• Network Layer: networking computers
• Transport Layer: delivery service
• Application Layer: Telnet, FTP, SMTP
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (10/04/59 22:38
Network Connection: Layer Concept
Connection Type
• Connection-Oriented Service: connection need to
be established first
• Connectionless Service
Computer Networks by Andrew S. Tanenbaum
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (10/04/59 22:38
Network Connection: Layer Concept
Specification & Header
• Each difference layer contains specification
• Physical Layer: signal specification
• Other Layers: header containing information
Computer Networks by Andrew S. Tanenbaum
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Network Connection
Interconnecting Devices
• Hubs
• Bridges
• IP Switches
• Routers
• Gateways
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (10/04/59 22:38
Network Connection: Interconnecting Devices
Hubs, Switches, Birdges, Routers
• Definition changing with time
• Intelligence …: make difference disappered
Internet & Intranet Engineering by Daniel Minoli
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (10/04/59 22:38
Transport Stacks Middleware
• Logical Network
Driver
• Stack Sandwich
• Protocol
Matchmakers
(optional)
• TransportIndependent APIs
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Bandwidth
• Cover: Signal, Medium, Data
• Absolute Bandwidth: the width of the
frequency spectrum of the signal
• Effective Bandwidth: less than 3dB power drop
• Commonly used as the amount of bits that
can be transferred within one unit time (bitrate)
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Bandwidth
How much bandwidth is enough?
• Depend on Application and Taste
Bandwidth
Audio
CD Quality
Digital Phone Quality
Video
Minimum Quality
TV Quality (uncompressed)
TV Quality (compression)
Data Requirements
Remark
706 kbit/s 16 bit, 44.1 ks/s
64 kbit/s 8 bit, 8 ks/s
566 kbit/s 1024x768, 30 fps, 24 bits
96 Mbit/s
6 Mbit/s
depends
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (10/04/59 22:38
Bandwidth
Bandwidth Available
• Depend on Location & Media & Cost
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (10/04/59 22:38
Bandwidth: Bandwidth Available
Bandwidth for LAN
• Depend on Location & Media & Cost
Speed
Deployment
Ethernet
10 Mbit/s Widespread
Token Ring
4/16 Mbit/s Flat market
Fast Ethernet
100 Mbit/s Growing very rapidly
FDDI
100 Mbit/s Declining marketshare
Gigabit Ethernet
1 Gbit/s Growing rapidly
ATM
25 Mbit/s - Declining marketshare
2.4 Gbit/s as a LAN replacement
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (10/04/59 22:38
Bandwidth: Bandwidth Available
Bandwidth for WAN
• Depend on Location & Media & Cost
Physical Interconnect Technology
Speed
Speed
T1 (DS1) 1.54 Mbit/s
OC-3
155.52 Mbit/s
E1
2.04 Mbit/s
OC-12
622.08 Mbit/s
E2
8.44 Mbit/s
OC-24
1.244 Gbit/s
E3
34.36 Mbit/s OC-48
2.488 Gbit/s
T3 (DS3) 44.73 Mbit/s OC-96
4.976 Gbit/s
OC-1
51.84 Mbit/s OC-192
10 Gbit/s
OC-2
103.68 Mbit/s OC-768
40 Gbit/s
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Bandwidth: Bandwidth Available
Bandwidth for WAN cont.
• Technology on top of Cable/Physical Technology
Packet-Switching
Max. App.
Packet Size
Speed
Frame Relay 45 Mbit/s Data Variable length
(T3/E3) Voice 4096 bytes max.
SMDS
45 Mbit/s Data Variable length
(T3)
9188 bytes max.
ATM
2.4 Gbit/s Data 53 byte cells
(OC-48) Voice
Video
Deployment
Wide
Limted and
declining
Limited but
growing
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (10/04/59 22:38
Bandwidth: Bandwidth Available
Bandwidth from Home to WAN
Speed
V.34
V.90
ISDN BRI
ISDN PRI
T1
HDSL
ADSL
Cable Modem
B-ISDN
(ATM/Sonet)
28.8 kbit/s
56 kbit/s down, 33.6 kbit/s up
128 kbit/s
1.544 Mbit/s
1.544 Mbit/s
up to 1.5 Mbit/s
up to 6 Mbit/s down, 640 kbit/s up
up to 10 Mbit/s
100 Mbit/s and more
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (10/04/59 22:38
Reference Books
Client/server survival guide 3rd edition by Robert
Orfali, Dan Harkey, Jeri Edwards (John Wiley &
Sons: 1999)
Computer Networks 3rd edition by Andrew S.
Tanenbaum (Prentice Hall: 1996)
Internet & Intranet Engineering by Daniel Minoli
(McGraw Hill: 1997)
Kittiphan Techakittiroj (10/04/59 22:38