Transcript Santoro_PresentationDecember13-02

A. Santoro
UERJ -BRAZIL
DD-Members: (please update)
David O. Williams –[email protected]; Slava Illyin – [email protected];
Yukio Karita – [email protected]; Marcel Kunze - [email protected];
V. White – [email protected]; Julio Ibarra - <[email protected]> ; Heidi Alvarez –
[email protected]; M. H. Zaidi - [email protected] ; Alberto Santoro (Chair) – [email protected],
Welcome to Digital Divide CREW, Heidi, Julio from FIU,
Zaidi from Pakistan and Vicky from Fermilab
•
•
•
•
I - Introduction
II - Maps: Topologies-Bandwidths
III - Questionnaire / Responses
IV - Conclusion - Suggested Solutions
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I – Introduction
DIGITAL DIVIDE WITH HIGH SPEED NETWORKS
Inside of the Institute: Gbit Technology, building
with Fiber distribution
Institute A
Fiber
Gbit
Technology
622 Mbps
City-Backbone
2.5 Gbps
HEP INSTITUTE
Institute B
Institute C
155 Mbps
Institute D
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DIGITAL DIVIDE WITH LOW AND HIGH
SPEED NETWORKS
Inside of the Institute: Mbit Technology, building
with Copper cable distribution
Institute A
Copper Cables
Mbit
Technology
8 Mbps
2 Mbps
Institute D
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City-Backbone
155 Mbps
HEP INSTITUTE
Institute B
Institute C
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I - Introduction
DIGITAL DIVIDE
•
In September 28, Last Meeting, we have shown
the problem of Digital Divide and due to the first
sample of data recollected we understood how
serious can be this problem for our LHC
Experiments with GRID projects.
•
We have progress with data and have recollected a
better sample of data now.
• The Questionnaire presented in September was a bit
upgraded and sent to ALICE, ATLAS, LHCb and CMS
collaborations to get more information about connection
in the institutes.
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
• There is now a good data sample but not enough.
• Perhaps we need to improve our Questionnaire
changing the style to YES – NO – COMMENTS
only . But this is a discussion of Methodology.
• In fact we made some progress in our knowledge
about Digital Divide .
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II - Maps: Topologies-Bandwidths
DIGITAL DIVIDE
•
We have shown a lot of Maps last time. Now we will
show some Maps representing Regions of the World
and a small number of Country Maps.
I found some maps in the address
http://cybergeography.org
I will first show the European Region and one of the
main Network
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CYPRUS 34/155 Mbps  GREECE  622 Mbps  GERMANY
622
34/155
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
The European National Research Networks
ACOnet in Austria (in German)
ARNES in Slovenia
BELNET in Belgium
CARNet in Croatia
CESNET in the Czech Republic
CYNET in Cyprus
DFN in Germany (mostly in German)
EENet in Estonia
GARR in Italy
GRNET in Greece
HEAnet in Ireland
HUNGARNET in Hungary
IUCC in Israel
LATNET in Latvia
LITNET in Lithuania
NORDUnet in the Nordic countries
Forskningsnettet (Denmark) (mostly in Danish)
FUNET (Finland)
RHnet (Iceland)
UNINETT (Norway)
SUNET (Sweden)
POL-34 in Poland
FCCN/RCTS in Portugal
RESTENA in Luxembourg
RedIRIS in Spain
RENATER in France
RoEduNet in Romania
SANET in Slovakia
SURFnet in the Netherlands
SWITCH in Switzerland
UKERNA/JANET in the UK
UNICOM-B in Bulgária
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Many maps come from this web page.
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As examples we will show two countries, Italy and Romania
The Network speed on the GARR-B
links is as follows:
International Links(Violet Links on
the map)
1. MI-GEANT2.5 Gbps
2. MI-GX 2.5 Gbps
3. BM-KQ 622 Mbps(under
construction)
Backbone ( blue 2.5 red 155 Mbps)
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1. MI-MI
155 Mbps
2. MI-TO
155 Mbps
3. MI-TS 2 x 34 Mbps
4. MI-GE 2 x 34 Mbps
5. BO-BO 155 Mbps
6. MI-PD
155 Mbps
7. BO-PI 2 x 34 Mbps
8. BO-FI
155 Mbps
9. RM-RM
155 Mbps
10. RM-Fra
155 Mbps
11. RM-AQ 2 x 34 Mbps
12. RM-CA 2 x 34 Mbps
13. NA-NA 155 Mbps
14. NA-BA 2 x 34 Mbps
15. NA-PA
34 Mbps
16. NA-CT 2 x 34 Mbps
17. RM-PG
34 Mbps
18. NA-CS
34 Mbps
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
The Highest Link Capacity
December
TERENA NREN Compendium 2002
JUNE
2001
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
TERENA NREN Compendium 2002
Countries with speeds < 200 Mbps
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
Countries with speeds > 200 Mbps
TERENA NREN Compendium 2002
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TERENA NREN Compendium 2002
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TERENA NREN Compendium 2002
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
This is the factor of increasing bandwidths till 2004
Country
Rate
Country
Rate
Country
Rate
U.Kingdom
3
Norway
12,5
Finland
3
Italy
4
Spain
12,5
Germany
4
Switzerland
5
Denmark
5
Iceland
1
Poland
6,5
Belgium
10
Sweden
2
Croatia
8
Slovani
1,6
Czke Rep.
3
France
8
Hugary
2.6
Netherland
3
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T1=155 Mbps
T2=300 Mbps
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USA
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
Mexico -
Corporacion Universitaria para el Desarollo del Internet (CUDI) –
Internet2 in Mexico. URL: http://www.cudi.edu.mx
 CUDI is comprised of nearly 50 member institutions
 During XX Mexican School of Particle and Fields
(Playa del Carmen), Mexico, October 2002 ) a
number of representative physicists from Latin
American discussed the upgrading of the existing
Links and their future collaboration
with CERN and FERMILAB - ALICE and Dzero
 They are discussing the possibilities to build a
GRID station too.
 As it is available lots of information about Mexico
Let us show some good information with maps 22
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
Conectividad...
Hacia USA
Tijuana
Hacia USA
Backbone donado por
Telmex
(en operación)
Cd Juárez
Monterrey
Guadalajara
México
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
Conectividad...
Backbone donado por Avantel
(en proceso)
TO HOUSTON vBNS
México
SALTILLO
ZACATECAS
REYNOSA
Monterrey
AGUASCALIENTES LEON
GUANAJUATO
TULA POZA RICA
Guadalajara
QUERETARO
México
MERIDA
CAMPECHE
JALAPA
VERACRUZ
VILLAHERMOSA
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
Conectividad...
Backbone de la red CUDI
A SDSC
A UTEP
Tijuana
Cd Juárez
A HOUSTON vBNS
México
REYNOSA
SALTILLO
Monterrey
ZACATECAS
AGUASCALIENTES
MERIDA
LEON
GTO
Guadalajara
TULA POZA RICA
CANCUN
CAMPECHE
QUERETARO
México
JALAPA
VERACRUZ
VILLAHERMOSA
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
Study Groups from:
http://www.noc-Internet2.unam.mx
http://www.telematica.cicese.mx/internetII
http://www.ipv6..unam.mx/internet2.html
http://multicast.mty.itesm.mx/cudi.htm
http://telecomunicaciones.uat.mx/h323
http://I2unam.mx/mpls
http://securidad.internet2.ulsa.mx/
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
To end the information about Mexico Networks
I would advise you to go to following address
where we can find a good
Study Case:
http:/www.cudi.mx/
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Un nodo de la red Cudi conecta con los cables Arcos y Maya
que podrían conectar a Centro América
This information come from Cudi/Mexico.
North Miami
309km
474km
271km
Cat Island
319km
521km
Crooked Island
Cancun
Providenciales
(Turks & Caicos Islands)
258km
165km
Tulum
376km
Puerto Plata
325km
363km
Ladyville
San Juan
Punta Cana
294km 241kmTrujillo
Puerto
Puerto 339km
Barrios
114kmCortes
Puerto
Lempira
258km
1006km
Puerto
Cabezas
279km
372km
242km Curacao
Willemstad
351km
Punto Fijo
Riohacha
Bluefields
270km
371km
Puerto
Limon
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291km
301km
Maria
Chiquita
314km
Ustupo
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
Colombia
URL: http://www.icfes.gov.co/
ICFES – High Quality Research and Education in
Virtual Environments
• 119 Universities have Internet Access
There is a group of high energy physics
in Colombia collaborating with Dzero/
Fermilab.
..
• They did not responded our Questionnaire. Contact was
done
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
CHILE REUNA2 – Connection between Chile
to Internet2 via AMPATH
The REUNA National Backbone will be
partially upgraded to 2.5 Gbps in 2003
and fully upgraded to 2.5 Gbps in 2004.
As far as we know there is no high energy physicists
involved in LHC experiments in the country.
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Iquique
Antofagasta
Copiapó
La Serena
Valparaíso
Santiago
Talca
Con cepción
Temuco
Valdivia
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
URL: http://www.retina.ar
RETINA (Red Teleinformática
Académica de Argentina)
Argentina has groups of HEP
working at CERN and
FERMILAB.
They have respond
our Questionnaire
The strong
committement
is with AUGER
Laboratory
December 12-13, 2002
UNCPBA
UNGS
UNGSM
UNLM
UNLP
UNLZ
UNLu
UNMP
UNQ
UNref
ARN
CONAE
CNEA
CLACSO
TANDAR
MRECIC
SFP
SAFJP
AMSAT
UDESA
IFEVA
UNA
UTN
Antorchas
Arauz
Tarea
Darwinion
These are
the Institu
tions
connected
to RETINA
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VALDIVIA GROUP REPORT
No information/No connectivity
= 1 Mbps
2 Mpbs
up to 16 Mbps
up to 34 Mbps
up to 44 Mbps
>> 45 Mbps
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This is the topology of the Brazilian National Network for Research showing a strong
Digital Divide Problem
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If you go to the web page of this
Network and in this Map, you can
click the lines or places and you
get the result of the trafic.
Look this
table
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III - Questionnaire / Responses
DIGITAL DIVIDE
Responses to our Questionnaire:
Country NR
Country
NR
Country
NR
Country
NR
Argentina
1
Germany
2
Pakistan
1
Taiwan
1
Belgium
3
Greek
3
Russia
5
Turkey
2
Brazil
2
India
1
Slovakia
1
USA
3
Cyprus
1
Israel
1
Slovenia
1
Venezuela
1
Czech
1
Italy
2
Spain
1
Yugoslavia
1
France
1
Mexico
1
Switzerland
2
Total of Countries = 23
----
Total of Responses = 38
As we sent the Questionnaire to the LHC Collaborations
ALICE, ATLAS, LHCb and CMS, let us show the statistics
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
LHC Collaborations
LHC EXP CMS ATLAS
Countries
35
34
Institutions
Collaborators
146
159
1623 1400
LHCb
ALICE
14
28
52
543
73
745
Number of Countries without double counting = 50
Then, only 46% responded our questionnaire.
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
We will show now some “first” impression extract from
our Questionnaire
People Respondent
The people that responded the Questionnaire are:
Physicists, Network Administrators,
Computing Contact Person.
Mainframe
Practically no more mainframe exists.
YES = 2 *** NO = 31 *** No Answer = 5
Clusters
Practically all have clusters.
YES = 24 *** NO = 9 *** No Answer = 5
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
Firewall
YES = 15 **** NO = 11 **** NO Answer = 12
Bottleneck
Several Bottleneck was pointed out
• Institute Internal Network: old cables (Copper),
old routers, ...
No Technical Problem.
• Last Mile Connection
Mainly Network Shared
• Long Mile Connection
and High Cost to get
better connection.
Long Mile Connection = International Link
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
Most Relevant Networking related Problems
•
•
Institute Internal Network with old Equipments
and Shared with large Academic communities
causing heavy traffic.
Technical Manpower Assistance Missing
•
Last Mile Connection
•
Too small bandwidth
•
Non Disciplined users (!)
•
Security
•
Cost of Network ( Very common )
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
Ideas presented
• Dedicated Network
• More Effort to include small Institutes
• Upgrade the communication among the several
Networks
• Better cooperation among Teles-companies
• Better financial support
• Gigabit for all !!! (from me)
Who pays for Connections?
• Institutes/Universities - 16
• Government Institution (Supporting Network) - 17
• No Answer - 5
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IV - Conclusion - Suggested Solutions
DIGITAL DIVIDE
1.
There is no homogeneous network.
In GRID projects we need to have the same speed
From your nearest access point to the target point
Desktop to 1st. Access point Gbit technology
From Acess Point to POP-City = X (last mile connection)
From POP to International Gateway = X ‘ (Long Mile
X = X’
Connection)
Naive Example:
For CMS-GRID
UERJ to POP(RIO) = x Gbps
-(last mile connection)
POP(RIO) to NAP (MI) = x Gbps -(Long Mile Connection)
NAP(MI) to CERN(GE) = x Gbps
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
2. Technical Problem it is not the Main Problem
pointed. People are not too much isolated.
- Create a List (GRID NEWSGROUP LIST) like Linux
and HEPIX in order to respond fast and cooperatively
questions about Hardware and Software.
- Create a Web page for Frequent Asked Questions
dedicated to GRID (Physics) in all aspects.
3. The main Problems are:
a. COST
Only a worldwide proposal could solve this
problem. There are two types of Cost Problem.
- Local : Internal Network (Solution: Local Effort)
- No Local : International connections (Solution:
International Effort)
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
b. Shared Network
Many people complain about the user competition
in their own institute. There is no possibility to create
a dedicated line to HEP. Cost involved again.
c. GLOBAL PHYSICS NETWORK ? A solution?
- This could be a solution for (a) and (b) above.
- This is a Luxury or a NEED?
Comment: We can do an exercise, even without numbers,
and imagine in five-ten years, Medicine Projects
Long Distance Education, Astroparticle,
Biology, Genoma Project, Weather, Video
Conferences in general, and so on, sharing
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the same network
as HEP-GRID?
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December 12-13, 2002
DIGITAL DIVIDE
d. Perhaps we have to say now, as a principle:
“ Technologies for Inclusion and not for Exclusion”
The consequence of adopting this, are:
- More Cooperative
- To build a proposal including all HEP collaborations
for a good network.
TOO AMBITIOUS? IS IT FORBIDEM TO DREAM?
- IEEAF would be the only Solution?
- United Nations?
- OEA?
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DIGITAL DIVIDE
e. Digital Divide can be solved by a joint effort among:
- Local Institutions, National Networks
Administrations, Financial Support Agencies,
and so on.
Comments:
These Institutions have to be aware for
Digital Divide mainly for HEP and Similar projects.
.
International Effort creating Specific Workshops
Organizing Meetings with Network and Government
Responsible.
Information Society Summit WILL BE an Opportunity for
that !
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Extra Slides
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Bahia
São Paulo
Rio Grande do Sul
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FINLAND
Norway
Sueden
2.5 Gbps
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CROATIA
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Yugoslavia
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HUNGARY
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CZECH
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One of the most
homogeneous
bandwidth distribution
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Capacity of the Highest European Link of NRENs
Connection to TEN-155 Backbone
Rates
[Mbps]
Countries
Connection to GEANT Backbone
Rates
[Mbps]
Countries
 5000
Denmark, Finland, Sueden, Norway
≥ 600
Germany, Netherland
≥ 300
Denmark, Greece,
Suden Norway
≥ 155
Belgium, Spain, France, Austria, ≥ 1000
United Kingdom, Hungary, Poland,
Slovenia, Switzerland
Czech Republic
≤ 50
Ireland,
Luxembourg,
Portugal, ≥
Croatia, Cyprus, Albania, Czech
Republic, Estonia, Georgia, Latvia,
Lithuania, FyroMacedonia, Turkey,
Slovakia
500
Austria
≤
250
Greece,
Ireland,
Luxembourg,
Portugal, Albania, Croatia, Cyprus,
Estonia, Geórgia, Latvia, Lithuania,
FyroMacedonia, Slovenia, Slovakia,
Turkey
Italy,
Finland,  2500
Belgium, Germany, Spain, France,
Italy, Netherland, United Kingdom,
Hungary, Poland, Switzerland
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The next set of slides comes from :
IEEAF Update
Pacific Rim Networking Meeting
Honolulu, Hawaii - 2002
Dr. Donald R. Riley
Chair, IEEAF- Vice President and CIO
University of Maryland, College Park
CENIC2000
Internet2 and Global Development:
Institutional Impact
Michael McRobbie
Vice President for Information Technology and CIO
Indiana University
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II - Topologies
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Bandwidths: From 45 Mbps to 2 x 2.5 Gbps
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http://www.cybergeography.org/atlas/cables.html
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Basic Definitions
There is T1 which is, as we have discussed, a network that has a speed of 1.544 Mbps
and was designed for voice circuits or "channels" (24 per each T1 line or "trunk"). In
addition, there is T1-C which operates at 3.152 Mbps. There is also T-2, operating at
6.312 Mbps, which was implemented in the early 1970's to carry one Picturephone
channel or 96 voice channels. There is T-3, operating at 44.736 Mbps and T-4, operating
at 274.176 Mbps. These are known as "supergroups" and their operating speeds are
generally referred to as 45 Mbps and 274 Mbps respectively.
December 12-13, 2002
DS0
64Kbps
1/24 of T1
1 Channel
DS1
1.544Mbps
1 T-1
24 Channels
DS1C
3.152 Mbps
2 T-1
48 Channels
DS2
6.312 Mbps
4 T-1
96 Channels
DS3
44.736 Mbps
28 T-1
672 Channels
DS3C
89.472 Mbps
56 T-1
1344 Channels
DS4
274.176 Mbps
168 T-1
4032 Channels
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Basic Definitions
The Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) includes a set of signal rate multiples
for transmitting digital signals on optical fiber. The base rate (OC-1) is 51.84 Mbps.
Certain multiples of the base rate are provided as shown in the following table.
Asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) makes use of some of the Optical Carrier levels.
December 12-13, 2002
Optical
Carrier Level
Data Rate
OC-1
51.84 Mbps
OC-3
155.52 Mbps
OC-12
622.08 Mbps
OC-24
1.244 Gbps
OC-48
2.488 Gbps
OC-192
10 Gbps
OC-256
13.271 Gbps
OC-768
40 Gbps
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