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Review of San Diego GigaPoP
Meetings
Denver
 12 June 1997

Meeting Structure
GigaPoP Technical: Tuesday
 GigaPoP Business: Wednesday
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Both focused on issues common to all the
gigaPoPs
 Common theme: similar problems and a
diversity of solutions
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Technical Meeting: Session 1
Welcomes
 Overview: 1997 vs 1998
 Outline of 1997 Engineering
 Technical Challenges
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Applications and Engineering
Applications
Motivate
Enables
Engineering
Strategic Objectives
Enable advanced applications
 Strengthen the Universities in their
research and education mission
 Pioneer the introduction of:
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 Quality of Service
 Advanced Multicast Support
 IPv6
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Establish the gigaPoPs as effective
service points
1997 Aspirations
High-speed uncongested best-efforts IPv4
service
 T3 and OC3 rates will be typical
 OC12 to some sites
 About 12 vBNS connect points
 About 45 universities connected
 Importance of measurements
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1998 Aspirations
Growing number of gigaPoPs
 Growing number of institutions connected
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Introduction of Quality of Service Support
 Advanced Multicast Support
 Introduction of IPv6 Support
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Examples of Emerging GigaPoPs
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ATL: Alabama, Florida,
Georgia, Tennessee
BOS: New England
CLE: Ohio
DCA: DC, Maryland,
Virginia
DEN: Westnet states
DTW: Michigan
HOU: Texas
LAX: Southern California
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NYC: Metro NYC area
ORD: Chicago region
PDX: Oregon
PIT: Western Pennsylvania
RDU: North Carolina
SEA: Alaska, Washington
SFO: Northern California
SYR: Upstate New York
Sketch of Internet2 Architecture
u
Interconnect: connects all the gigaPoPs to each other
u
GigaPoPs: connect universities to the Interconnect and to other services
gigaPoP
Universities: upgrade their LANs to more than 500 Mb/s
Interconnect
u
u
gigaPoP
u
u
gigaPoP
gigaPoP
u
u
Generic Internet2 GigaPoP
u
u
I2
other NGI
u
u
Commodity
Providers
Fundamental 1997 Architecture
Upgraded campus nets
 High-speed access to gigaPoPs
 Effective gigaPoPs
 vBNS as the initial Interconnect
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Balance
Give users the appearance of a seamless
Internet2
 Exploit diversity on matters that do not
need to be the same
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Overview of 1997 Engineering
vBNS to gigaPoP
 gigaPoP to gigaPoP
 gigaPoP to campus
 workstation to campus
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vBNS as the initial Interconnect
Core: Vector ATM switches in 8 MCI PoPs
 OC12 being provisioned among them
 Access: FORE ATM switches in 10 sites
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 Full PVP mesh among the FORE switches
Routers: Cisco 7500 and Ascend
 UBR ATM used throughout
 New connections engineered to the Cisco
routers
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vBNS to gigaPoP Issues
IPv4 as the Common Bearer Service
 BGP routing between Internet2 and vBNS
 vBNS as gigaPoP-to-gigaPoP Interconnect
 non-Internet2 sites accessible via the
vBNS
 Measurement issues
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gigaPoP to gigaPoP Issues
Network Management
 Multicast Deployment
 Security
 non-Internet2 issues
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gigaPoP to campus Issues
Access
 Routing issues
 Measurement issues
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workstation to campus Issues
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Measurement issues
Technical Challenges
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Delay-bandwidth products
 Intolerance of Delay
 Intolerance of Packet Loss
 End-to-end nature of performance
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Seamlessness
Technical Meeting: Session 2
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Issues for our Coordination
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Routing
Measurement
Multicast
Network Management
Security
Issues to be raised at the Business
Meeting
Routing Issues
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Appropriate routing
 I2 to I2 packets
 I2 to/from other ‘community of interest’ sites
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Impact on performance / network
management
 Small routing tables should help
 Flapping should be easy to keep small
Measurement Issues
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Traffic Utilization
 campus to gigaPoP
 gigaPoP to gigaPoP
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Performance
 campus to gigaPoP
 gigaPoP to gigaPoP
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Flow Characterization
 at campus DMZ
 at gigaPoP to Interconnect DMZ
Multicast Issues
Scalability
 Performance
 Routing / management
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Network Management Issues
Campus to campus seamlessness
 Shared trouble tickets
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Security Issues
Privacy
 Corruption of the infrastructure
 Corruption of user traffic
 Tension with measurement
 Tension with performance
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Technical Meeting: Session 3
Roundtable discussion…
 What approaches are being taken to ..
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 Co-lo based gigaPoPs
 ATM-cloud-based gigaPoPs
 SONET-based gigaPoPs
What approaches ...…
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Placement of servers within gigaPoPs
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web caches
usenet
others
MBone
What approaches ...…
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Router peering
 gigaPoP router peers with vBNS
 gigaPoP route server constrains how campus routers
peer with vBNS
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Aggregating/disaggregating of traffic
What approaches ...
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Traffic utilization measurement
 NetScarf
 others
What approaches ...
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Traffic characterization
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OC3mon
netflow / cflowd
netchar
others
What approaches ...
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Performance
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CSG infrastructure
NPD and successors
active vs passive
within applications
others
Technical Meeting: Session 4
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Overview of 1998 Engineering Issues
 Quality of Service
 Multicast improvements
 IPv6
Interconnection with Agency NGI
Components
 Formation of Working Groups
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1998 Overview: Quality of
Service
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What are the needs each application has?
 Bandwidth
 Packet loss
 Delay and Jitter
At the core, are these known on a per-flow
basis?
 How near to complete end-to-end extent is
possible?
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QoS Issues (continued)
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Suppose you do nothing:
 load due to best-efforts traffic among I2 members
 OC12 capacity within the core
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Suppose you reserve some capacity for
advanced applications on certain gigaPoP
to gigaPoP paths:
 you can then support a certain number of advanced
applications
 capacity and packet loss can be assured
 delay can be improved with ‘weighted fair queuing’
QoS Issues (continued)
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Issues at the edge
 Admission control
 Measurement (billing?)
 Marking of packets
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Issues at the core
 Provision of resources to marked packets
 Low packet loss in presence of very high delaybandwidth products
1998 Overview: Multicast
Current MBone community is small
 Many advanced applications are naturally
multicast
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 one to many (e.g., distance education)
 few to few (e.g., graduate seminars or conferences)
Internet2 technical community has much
of the Internet’s experience in these
matters
 Scaling is hard:
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 Optimize for transmission lines?
 Optimize for packet forwarding?
1998 Overview: IPv6
Initially this will appear to be an end in
itself
 We hope/expect that it will become an aid
to solving other problems
 Products will be available beginning 1997
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Interconnection with other
Agency NGI Components
Clarity of purpose
 Notion of Internet2 ‘community of interest’
 Technical criteria
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Note similarity to international
interconnection issues
Formation of Internet2 Working
Groups
Routing
 Measurement
 Network Management
 Security
 Topology
 Quality of Service
 Multicast
 IPv6
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Business Meeting
Discussion of AUP
 Business Issues of Common Interest
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Discussion of AUP
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Note that Internet2 introduces no new
connectivity
Strict view: only I2 to I2
 relaxed to deal with inter-agency and
international connections
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All I2 to I2 traffic will be supported
Business Issues of Common
Interest
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How to deliver a service:
 cooperative
 staff of gigapops
 outsource
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Kinds of services
 SONET, ATM, etc.
 IP engineering
 NOC services