Transcript P.702 - How it works

P.702
Internet Protocol version 6
- Opportunities for Service Providers and PNOs - End-User Bandwidth on Demand -
Telebit Communications A/S
[email protected]
March 1998
1
Partner Profile
Telebit
• Europe’s only independent router manufacturer
• Design and shipment of ATM Switches and MPR Routers
• Technological leadership in the integration of routing and
switching focusing on IPv6 and ATM
University of Lancaster
• IPv6 centre of expertise
• Multi-media R&D
2
Partner Profile
3
Partner Profile
UNI-C:
4
Why IPv6 ?
IPv4 Problems:
• Lack of class B IPv4 address space => CIDR addressing
• Circa 1,800 active Autonomous Systems
• Inject nearly 43,000 Routable Prefixes
• Inadequate address aggregation
• Ballooning BGP databases, and Router memory exhaustion
• Increased forwarding table look up time
• Ubiquitous but simplistic
5
Why IPv6 ?
• Expanded Routing and Addressing capabilities
– Relief of address shortage
– Support of more addressing hierarchy
– Addition of anycast address to give multicast efficiencies
• Header length fixed to 40 bytes
– 64 bits + 128 bits source & destination address
– Easier to process in hardware and easier to compress.
• Improved support for Options
– Use of Extension Headers and improved coding give more efficient
forwarding
• Multihoming possibilities
– Enables users to switch between providers (auto-readdressing)
– Offers increased security and cost optimisation
6
Why IPv6 ?
IPv6 Mandates Auto-Address Configuration:
• IPv4 Configuration Process :
1) IPv4 Address
2) Default Gateway
3) Subnet Mask / Prefix Number
4) Domain Name Server and Domain Name
5) Solutions => Bootstrap (Static) & DHCP (Dynamic / Server based
• IPv6 Configuration Process:
1) Neighbor Discovery (stateless configuration)
2) DHCPv6 (statefull configuration)
7
Why IPv6 ?
Security:
• IPv4 Security Problems:
1) Denial of service attack (BGP / RIP hijacking)
2) Address spoofing
3) Use of source routing defeats address authentication
• IPv6 Security:
1) Mandated at the Kernel level => IPSEC
2) Authentication Header (Default to MD5)
3) Encryption ( Default to DES-CBC)
4) Security Parameter Index (Defines non-default security association)
5) Repudiation features
8
Why IPv6 ?
IPv6 QoS Advantages:
• QoS becoming an issue as real time services emerge:
1) Need for lower latency and jitter, but improved tolerance to lost packets
2) Less emphasis on re-transmission of lost data
3) More emphasis on timing relationships (time-stamping)
• 20-bit Flow Label enables identification of traffic flows
• Class of Service field to manage conflicts
• RSVP used by routers to deal with requests
9
Why IPv6 ?
Customers and Partners:
•Tele Denmark
(DK)
•DSC Communications (US/DK)
•UNI-C (DK)
•European Commission (EU)
•France Telecom (F)
•Eurescom (EU)
•Internet For Business (UK)
•Microsoft (US)
•DFN (D)
•Ellemtel (S)
•NIST (US)
•University of Lancaster
•CSELT (IT)
•FAA (US)
•ARINC (US)
•AEROTHAI (THAI)
•Nav Canada (CAN)
•Politecnico di Torino
•EENET
•LATNET
•LITNET
•ARNES
10
IPv6 - The Killer App ?
Objectives: End-User Bandwidth on Demand over multiple
backbone technologies (P.702)
Partners:
Consortia of 23 European Telcos
(Sponsor)
University of Lancaster
(Application development)
Telebit Commications A/S
(Router development)
11
P.702 - Objectives
Motivators and Objectives:
• Most general voice/video/data services available with IP
• Need for user-initiated multiple service levels with QoS/CoS
• Integration of IP services with all backbone/trunking
technologies
• Needed to make optimum use of network resources and
facilitate growth in multimedia services.
– Doesn’t ADSL promise 6 Mbps to everyone ?
– But how will the backbone network carry traffic ?
12
P.702 - How it works
The Concept:
Cut-through Data
Policy Flow spec
Policy
Internet
Signal decision
D
Signal data
D
ATM
ISDN
© Eurescom
13
P.702 - How it works
The Demonstrator:
Marlin 3030
Marlin 3030
Public switched
ISDN network
ISDN1
ISDN2
IPv4 Router
IPv4 Router
Ethernet
Ethernet
H1
H3
DP1
ATM Line
(155 Mbps)
ATM Line
(155 Mbps)
ATM Switch
IPv6 Router
Ethernet
DP3
IPv6 Router
1xTBC2000/3
1xTBC118
1xTBC107
1xTBI104
SWIP & SWATM
1xTBC2000/3
2xTBC118
2xTBI104
1xTBB102D
SWIP & SWATM
Serial
Line
1xTBC2000/3
1xTBC118
1xTBC107
1xTBI104
SWIP & SWATM
Ethernet
Serial
Line
DP2
IPv6 Router
1xTBC2000/3
1xTBC101
SWIP
Ethernet
© Eurescom
DP: Decision Point
H : Host (PC or Sun SPARC)
H2
14
P.702 - How it works
1) Customer selects video from menu, and clicks on PLAY
2) Client in host signals to the server to start video
Video Select
Service Select
 Video 1
 Video 2
 Video 3
 Video 4
 Video 5
 Default
 Bronze
 Silver
 Gold
 Platinum
PLAY
15
P.702 - How it works
3) Video server starts and assigns random IPv6 flow label. This is
combined with the source address => unique Flow ID
4) Client initiates RSVP sequence signalling reqd BW to server
5) Server sends RSVP PATH_MESSAGE, signalling the BW
requirement to the first Decision Point (DP1).
6) PATH_MESSAGE routed using QoS Routing Table mapping
BW to port no.
7) Path through network installed.
16
P.702 - How it works
QOS Routing table:
Source Prefix Dest Prefix
BW
Max
xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx
xxxxxxx
xxxxxx
xxxxxx
xxxxxx
Interface
Next Hop
Min
64K 8K
Internet
2M 64K ISDN
8M 2M ATM
::
::
::
17
P.702 - How it works
8) Client then sends reservation message back through network
following the initial RSVP PATH_MESSAGE
9) Remote Decision Point then sets up connection and installs
reservation
10) All subsequent packets with identical Flow ID are identified
and forwarded using the Reservation Table
- RSVP scaleability problems avoided by using its end-end
signalling properties, rather than hop by hop reservation
features
- Note: Service provision under the control of policy and
subscription information held by a PNO controlled NMC.
18
P.702 - How it works
19
P.702 - How it works
20
P.702 - Other Technologies
CISCOs tag switching /IPSILON’S IP flows:
•
•
•
•
Work at an IP level with few ATM / FR / ISDN possibilities
Signalling not extended to the user, so no bandwidth on demand facility
Focus on priority access to finite resource - overbooking problems not resolved
Do not consider ITU / ATM forum standards, thus ill suited to broader telco
environments
• Until MPLS is ratified by the IETF, they are proprietary solutions
• Little opportunity for system administrator to control user access
• Rely on point-point soft-state connections throughout a network, and distribution
of QoS information - scalability ?
21
IPv6/P.702 - Conclusion
• Could revolutionise relationship between PNO & End-User
• Requires no specific link-layer technology
• Facilitates new and differentiated services:
– High bandwidth on demand with existing infrastructures
– Real time services (Voice over IP / Video)
– Multicast services
•
•
•
•
Options for spontaneous purchase of BW
Could easily be deployed
Standards based implementation
Software developed by group available for experimentation
22