Transcript Internet and Its Infrastructure

Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
THE INTERNET AND ITS
INFRASTRUCTURE
9.1
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
OBJECTIVES
• What is the new information technology (IT)
infrastructure for business? Why is
connectivity so important in this
infrastructure?
• How does the Internet work? What are its
major capabilities?
continued
9.2
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
OBJECTIVES (continued)
• How can organizations benefit from using
the World Wide Web and Web technology?
How can businesses benefit from the
Wireless Web?
• What are the principal technologies for
supporting electronic commerce and
electronic business?
• What management problems are raised by
the new information technology (IT)
infrastructure? How can businesses solve
these problems?
9.3
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
WEB SERVICES TAKING OFF? OR JUST MORE HYPE
9.4
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
MANAGEMENT CHALLENGES
1. Taking a broader perspective on
infrastructure development
2. Selecting technologies for the new
information technology (IT)
infrastructure
9.5
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.1 THE NEW IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Enterprise Networking and Internetworking
Enterprise Networking
•
•
Arrangement of organization’s hardware,
software, network, and data resources
Creates a company-wide network linking
many smaller networks
Internetworking
•
9.6
Links separate networks into an
interconnected network
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.1 THE NEW IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Enterprise Networking and Internetworking
9.7
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.1 THE NEW IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Standards and Connectivity for Digital Integration
Connectivity
•
A measure of how well computers and computerbased devices communicate
Open Systems
•
•
9.8
Software systems that can operate on different
hardware platforms
Built on nonproprietary operating systems, user
interfaces, application standards, and networking
protocols
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.1 THE NEW IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Standards and Connectivity for Digital Integration
Models of Connectivity for Networks
•
9.9
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP)
–
US DOD reference model for linking different
types of computers and networks
–
Used in the Internet
–
Uses a five-layer reference model
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.1 THE NEW IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Standards and Connectivity for Digital Integration
9.10
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.1 THE NEW IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Standards and Connectivity for Digital Integration
Models of Connectivity for Networks
•
9.11
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
–
International reference model for linking
different types of computers and networks
–
An alternative to TCP/IP
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.2 THE INTERNET: IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
What is the Internet?
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
• Commercial organization with a
permanent connection to Internet
• Sells temporary connections to
subscribers
9.12
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.2 THE INTERNET: IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Internet Technology and Services
Information Appliance
•
9.13
Device customized to perform few
specialized computing tasks with minimal
user effort
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.2 THE INTERNET: IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Internet Technology and Services
9.14
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.2 THE INTERNET: IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Internet Technology and Services
9.15
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.2 THE INTERNET: IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Internet Technology and Services
9.16
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.2 THE INTERNET: IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Internet Technology and Services
Communication on the Internet
•
Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
– Connects people worldwide
– Creates productivity gain
9.17
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.2 THE INTERNET: IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Internet Technology and Services
Communication on the Internet
•
Electronic Mail (E-Mail)
– Domain name
•
Identifies a unique node on the Internet
•
Four-byte numeric address
•
Hierarchical system of servers maintaining
databases enabling conversion of domain
names to their IP addresses
– IP address
– Domain Name System (DNS)
9.18
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.2 THE INTERNET: IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Internet Technology and Services
9.19
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.2 THE INTERNET: IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Internet Tools for Communication
• Usenet Newsgroups
– Forums on which people share
information and ideas on a defined topic
– Large electronic bulletin boards
• LISTSERV
– Online groups using e-mail broadcast
from mailing list servers
9.20
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.2 THE INTERNET: IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Internet Tools for Communication
• Chatting
– Live, interactive conversations over a
public network
• Instant Messaging
– Chat service that allows participants to
create their own private chat channels
– Can be alerted whenever someone on a
private list is online
9.21
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.2 THE INTERNET: IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Internet Tools for Communication
• Telnet
– Network tool that allows someone to log onto
one computer system while doing work on
another
• Internet Telephony
– Two-way voice transmission over the Internet
using the IP packet-switched connections
– Voice over IP (VoIP)
• Virtual Private Networks (VPN)
– Secure connection between two points on the
Internet to transmit data
9.22
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.2 THE INTERNET: IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Information Retrieval and Sharing on the Internet
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
•
9.23
Tool for retrieving and transferring files
from a remote computer
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.2 THE INTERNET: IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Next Generation Networks and Internet2
Internet2
• Research network with new protocols
and transmission speeds
• Provides an infrastructure for
supporting high bandwidth Internet
applications
9.24
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.2 THE INTERNET: IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Next Generation Networks and Internet2
9.25
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.2 THE INTERNET: IT INFRASTRUCTURE FOR THE DIGITAL FIRM
Next Generation Networks and Internet2
CA*net3
•
•
9.26
Canadian equivalent of Internet2
Designed to carry high-speed transmission
over a government-funded backbone
through Canada
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.3 THE WORLD WIDE WEB
•
Home Page
– A World Wide Web text and graphical
screen display that welcomes the user
•
Webmaster
– The person in charge of an organization’s
Web site
•
Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
– The address of a specific resource on the
Internet
9.27
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.3 THE WORLD WIDE WEB
•
Hypertext Transport Protocol (HTTP)
– Communications standard used to
transfer pages on the Web
– Defines how messages are formatted and
transmitted
9.28
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.3 THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Searching for Information on the Web
Search Engine
•
Locates specific sites or information on
Internet
Shopping Bot
•
•
9.29
Software with varying levels of built-in
intelligence
Helps electronic commerce shoppers
locate and evaluate products or services
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.3 THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Searching for Information on the Web
9.30
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.3 THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Searching for Information on the Web
Broadcast and Push Technology
•
“Push” Technology
–
•
Multicasting
–
9.31
Information broadcast directly to user based on
prespecified interests
Transmission of data to a selected group of
recipients
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.3 THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Intranets and Extranets
Intranet Technology
– Firewall
•
•
Hardware or software placed between an
organization’s internal network and external
network
Prevents outsiders from invading private
networks
Extranets
– Private intranets extended to authorized
users outside company
9.32
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.3 THE WORLD WIDE WEB
Intranets and Extranets
9.33
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.3 THE WORLD WIDE WEB
The Wireless Web
The Wireless Web
•
9.34
Technologies enabling users to access
digital information from the Internet using
wireless mobile computing devices
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.3 THE WORLD WIDE WEB
The Wireless Web
9.35
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.3 THE WORLD WIDE WEB
The Wireless Web
• Wireless Web Standards
– Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
• Lets cell phones and other wireless devices
with small displays access Web-based
services
– Wireless Markup Language (WML)
• Based on XML and optimized for tiny displays
– Microbrowser
• Web browser with low-memory constraints
– I-mode
• Standard developed by Japan’s NTT DoCoMo
9.36
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.3 THE WORLD WIDE WEB
The Wireless Web
9.37
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.3 THE WORLD WIDE WEB
The Wireless Web
M-Commerce Challenges
– Keyboards and screens of cell phones
tiny and awkward to use
– Very slow data transfer speeds
– Minimal memory and limited power
supplies in Internet-enabled phones
– Web content primarily in text with very
little graphics
– Incompatible technologies
9.38
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.3 THE WORLD WIDE WEB
The Wireless Web
Voice Portals
• Accept voice commands for accessing
information from the web
9.39
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.4 SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY FOR E-COMMERCE AND E-BUSINESS
Web Servers and Electronic Commerce Servers
Hit
– Entry into Web server’s log file
– Generated by each request to the server
for a file
Electronic Commerce Server Software
– Provides functions essential for running
e-commerce Web sites
•
•
9.40
Setting up catalogues
Mechanisms for processing purchases
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.4 SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY FOR E-COMMERCE AND E-BUSINESS
Customer Tracking and Personalization Tools
9.41
•
Collecting and storing data and combining
data with already stored data
•
Analyzing the data
•
Identifying customer preferences and
trends
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.4 SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY FOR E-COMMERCE AND E-BUSINESS
Customer Tracking and Personalization Tools
• Clickstream Tracking
– Tracking data about customer activities
at Web sites and storing them in a log
• Collaborative Filtering
– Track users’ movements on a Web site
– Compare the information against other
customers’ data
– Predict what the user would like to see
next
9.42
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.4 SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY FOR E-COMMERCE AND E-BUSINESS
Web Content Management Tools
Software to facilitate collection, assembly, and
management of content on Web site, intranet, or
extranet
• Dynamic Page Generation
– Technology for storing the contents of Web pages
as objects in a database where they can be
accessed and assembled to create constantly
changing Web pages
• Common Gateway Interface (CGI)
– A standard way for a Web server to pass a user’s
request to an application and to receive data to be
forwarded to the user
9.43
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.4 SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY FOR E-COMMERCE AND E-BUSINESS
Web Site Performance Monitoring Tool
•
Software Tools for:
– Monitoring time taken to download Web
pages and perform Web transactions
– Identifying broken links between Web
pages, Web site problems, and
bottlenecks
9.44
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.4 SUPPORT TECHNOLOGY FOR E-COMMERCE AND E-BUSINESS
Web Hosting Services
9.45
•
Company with large Web server computers
•
Maintain Web sites for fee-paying
subscribers
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.5 MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND DECISIONS
The Challenge of Managing the New IT Infrastructure
•
•
•
•
•
•
9.46
Loss of management control
Connectivity and application integration
challenges
Organizational change requirements
Hidden costs of enterprise computing
Scalability, reliability, and security
Downtime
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
9.5 MANAGEMENT ISSUES AND DECISIONS
Some Solutions
9.47
•
Change management
•
Education and training
•
Data administration disciplines
•
Planning for connectivity and application
integration
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.
Management Information Systems, Second Canadian Edition
Chapter 9: The Internet and Its Infrastructure
THE INTERNET AND ITS
INFRASTRUCTURE
9.48
Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education Canada Inc.