Transcript Chapter One
Chapter Six Networking Hardware Agenda Questions about Ch. 11 Midterm Exam Ch.6 Cable kit Hubs Multiport repeater containing multiple ports to interconnect multiple devices Bridges Like a repeater, a bridge has a single input and single output port Unlike a repeater, it can interpret the data it retransmits Bridges Filtering database Collection of data created and used by a bridge that correlates the MAC addresses of connected workstations with their locations Also known as a forwarding table Bridges Spanning tree algorithm Routine that can detect circular traffic patterns and modify the way multiple bridges work together, in order to avoid such patterns Transparent bridging Method used on many Ethernet networks Switches Subdivide a network into smaller logical pieces Create multiple, smaller collision domains In a half duplex switched network there are only two devices in each collision domain. In a full-duplex switched environment there is only 1 device in each collision domain (0 % chance of collision) Cut-Through Mode and Store and Forward Mode Cut-through mode Switching mode in which switch reads a frame’s header and decides where to forward the data before it receives the entire packet Cut-through switches can detect runts, or packet fragments Store and forward mode Switching mode in which switch reads the entire data frame into its memory and checks it for accuracy before transmitting the information Using Switches to Create VLANs Virtual local area networks (VLANs) Network within a network that is logically defined by grouping its devices’ switch ports in the same broadcast domain Broadcast domain Combination of ports that make up a Layer 2 segment and must be connected by a Layer 3 device Using Switches to Create VLANs Higher-Layer Switches Switch capable of interpreting Layer 3 data is called a Layer 3 switch Switch capable of interpreting Layer 4 data is called a Layer 4 switch These higher-layer switches may also be called routing switches or application switches Routers Multiport connectivity device Can integrate LANs and WANs running at different transmission speeds and using a variety of protocols Routers operate at the Network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI Model Agenda Packet Tracer Exercise and Project Questions Routers and Routing protocols Routing LAB Remember to Bring the cable kit next week Router Features and Functions Modular router Router with multiple slots that can hold different interface cards or other devices Router Features and Functions Filter out broadcast transmission to alleviate network congestion Prevent certain types of traffic from getting to a network Support simultaneous local and remote activity Router Features and Functions Static routing Technique in which a network administrator programs a router to use a specified paths between nodes Dynamic routing Automatically calculates best path between nodes and accumulates this information in a routing table Hop Term used in networking to describe each trip data take from one connectivity device to another Router Features and Functions Routing Protocols To determine the best path, routers communicate with each other through routing protocols In addition to its ability to find the best path, a routing protocol can be characterized according to its convergence time and bandwidth overhead Convergence time The time it takes for a router to recognize a best path in the event of a change or outage Bandwidth overhead Burden placed on an underlying network to support the routing protocol Routing Protocols The four most common routing protocols: RIP (Routing Information Protocol) for IP and IPX OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) for IP EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) for IP, IPX, and AppleTalk BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) for IP Gateways Combination of networking hardware and software that connects two dissimilar kinds of networks Popular types of gateways include: E-mail gateways IBM host gateways Internet gateways LAN gateways