Transcript Networking
Summary - Part 1 - Objectives The purpose of this basic IP technology training is to explain video over an IP network. This training describes how video can be used on a network using IP protocol and enables individuals to understand how the IP network can respond to today’s increasing need of sharing video at any time and from anywhere. “What is it?” As a first step, three main issues tackled in this training are IP protocol, networks, and video over IP. The training consists of non-exhaustive information aimed at demystifying the use of video over IP network. “How to run it?” As a second step, you may refer to the training on Sony IP monitoring solutions to understand how to run your application over a network. Basic Training on IP Ttechnology - Part 1 - Summary - Part 1 Discovering IP technology What is the IP protocol? How was IP created and developed? How does IP work ? The TCP/IP Protocol The TCP/IP Protocol What is a protocol? In computer terms, a protocol is a description of the rules that computers on a network follow in order to communicate with each other. The protocol sets communications rules. The TCP/IP Protocol What is a transport? In computer terms, a transport is the way the information (data, voice, audio) is exchanged between computers in a network. The IP Protocol What is TCP/IP? TCP/IP stands for "Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol". TCP/IP is often called the protocol of open systems which means users can perform network tasks (email, web surfing, file transfer, etc.) regardless of their computer hardware. TCP/IP is a transport for moving information AND a protocol with rules on how to exchange this information. IP History and Trend History of IP from 1970 to 1990 Mid 70's: First form of IP was developed by Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA), a US government organization. Late 70's: With the involvement of many government and university research groups, TCP/IP started to take its latest form. Early 80's: Many improvements were made in the usage of TCP/IP and the establishment of Global Internet, an organization that used TCP/IP protocols with the ARPANET as the backbone. Mid 80's: With funding from the National Science Foundation, NSFNET was established as a backbone to TCP/IP. Late 80's to early 90's: The internet experienced major growth - first major corporations, then medium-sized and small-sized companies began using TCP/IP for their private internets. What Were the Reasons for These Developments? There was a huge demand for existing computer resources to network nationwide. The demands for file transfer, remote login and e-mail increased. The desire for data exchange rose worldwide. Development of Applications Based on IP Two application examples based on IP technology are : 1 - Remote monitoring This includes the monitoring of warehouses, production lines and other facilities. Other monitoring applications include using the images for quality control checks and other automated industrial processes. 2 - Voice over IP (VoIP ) Another application example for IP is Voice over IP (VoIP ). This is the ability to make telephone calls and send faxes over IP-based data networks with service quality and superior cost. Internet Growth 30 000 000 20 000 000 15 000 000 10 000 000 5 000 000 By January 2001 the number of internet users reached nearly 30,000,000 01 vjan 0 -0 ût ao m ar s -0 0 9 oc t-9 m ai - 99 8 dé c-9 8 l- 9 ju i fév r-9 8 7 pt -9 se 7 r-9 av 96 vno n- 96 0 ju i WEB SITES 25 000 000 Internet Organizations Huge developments in TCP / IP resulted in the establishment of organizations that are specialized in the Internet. Some of these are: Internet Architecture Board (IAB) Creates and sets standards for TCP/IP protocols and the Internet. Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Internet Network Information Center (INTERNIC) Aimed at maintaining and distributing information about TCP/IP and the Internet. Also provides network addresses to organizations when they join the Internet. Request for Comments (RFC’s) Provides on-line technical reports. Sony and IP Technology *IP Camera (SNC -VL10) Playstation *IP Camera (SNC –RZ30) Digital camera Video conferencing Clié * For details on IP Monitoring products please refer to the training module on Basic or Advanced IP Monitoring product solutions training. How Does IP Work? What is An IP Address? An IP address is a string of numbers separated by dots, which identifies every device or ‘host‘ (computer, IP video server, IP camera, printer,etc.) on a TCP/IP network. Each device or ‘host‘ connected to a TCP/IP network has a unique IP address. When you first connect to the internet, your provider gives you an IP address which is unique. What is an IP address? In IP version 4, the IP address is a 32-bit number. This number is divided into 2 parts: The network number (which identifies a unique network) A host (which identifies a device connected to that network). All devices or "hosts" connected to the same TCP/IP network must have the same network number AND a different (unique) host number. The IP address is what allows every device over a TCP/IP network to communicate with each other. Note: For more details, see the Advanced IP Technology Training section. What is An IP Address? An IP (v4) address follows this structure: Field1. Field2. Field3. Field4 Each field is an 8-bit number This means a number ranging from 0 to 255 Each field has a meaning that can be: Network number or Host number The meaning of these fields depends on the network class. What are IP Classes? The Internet groups their members (IP addresses) into 3 main classes: Class A NNNNNNNN HHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH 1 field = 8 bits 3 fields = 24 bits Class B NNNNNNNN NNNNNNNN HHHHHHHH HHHHHHHH 2 fields = 16 bits 2 fields = 16 bits Class C NNNNNNNN NNNNNNNN NNNNNNNN HHHHHHHH 3 fields = 24 bits Where: - The Net ID : - The Host ID : It is the Network address Tt is the host address 1 field = 8 bits What are IP Classes? Class A : The first field ranges from 0 to 127 0 to 127 netID hostID • This creates IP addresses ranging from 0.h.h.h to 126.h.h.h or… • 127 networks of 16,777,216 hosts • So, there can only be 127 Class A networks on the Internet. • Only a few very large organizations need a Class A IP address. What are IP Classes? Class B : The first field ranges from 128 to 192 128 to 192 netID hostID • This creates IP addresses ranging from 128.0.h.h to 192.255.h.h or… • 16,384 networks of 65,536 hosts • So, there are 16,384 Class B networks on the Internet. • A class B IP address is the size needed by large companies, universities, etc. What are IP Classes? Class C: The first field ranges from 193 to 223 193 to 223 netID hostID •This creates IP addresses ranging from 193.0.0.h to 223.255.255.h or… • 2,097,152 networks of 254 hosts • So, there are 2,097,152 Class C networks on the Internet. • A class C IP address is what most of the networks connected to the internet have.