Transcript Chapter 1 The Data Communication Industry

Chapter 1
The Data Communication Industry
• The best way to approach data
communication
• The data communication industry
• Challenge & solution to business-oriented
data communication analysis
The Best Way to Approach Data
Communication
•
•
•
•
Never know everything in the field
Honest about your knowledge
Consult with expertise
Lifelong learning
Data Communication Industry
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
General concept
Terminology
History
Regulation
Deregulation
Standard
Driving forces
General Concept - I
• Data communication
– The encoded transmission of data (voice, data,
& video) via electrical, optical or wireless
means between computers or network processor
• Benefits
–
–
–
–
Delivering data & information
Real time
Distance
Competitive advantages
General Concept - II
• Components
–
–
–
–
–
Source (Transmitter)
Medium (Communication Line)
Sink (Receiver)
Communication networks
Communication rules (protocols)
General Concept - III
• Selection Criteria
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Availability - time
Reliability - hardware & software
Online and real-time
Response time
User interface
Ergonomics
Flexibility
Terminology
• Local exchange carrier (LEC)
– Regional Bell Operating Company (RBOCs)
•
•
•
•
Inter-exchange carrier (IXC)
Public switched network
Central office (CO)
Local access transport area (LATA)
– Intra LATA (Local Calls)
– Inter LATA (Long-Distance Calls)
• Point of present (POP)
• Competitive access providers (CAPs)
History
•
•
•
•
•
•
Telegraph
Telephone
Computer
Transistor
Large-Scale Integrated Circuits
Satellite
Regulation Agencies
• Federal Communication Commission (FCC)
• Public Utility Commission (PUC) or Public
Service Commission (PSC)
Reasons for Regulation
•
•
•
•
•
Universality or compatibility
Protection
Interference
Duplication
Infrastructure
Subjects of Regulation
•
•
•
•
Installation & operation
Price
Profit
Tariffs
–
–
–
–
Duration
Amount of Data
Minimum Service Charge
Flat Rate
Deregulation
• Interconnect industry
– Caterfone decision (1968)
– MCI decision (1969)
• Antitrust
–
–
–
–
Computer Inquiry I (1971)
Open skies policy (1971)
Modified Final Judgement (1982)
Open network architecture (1986-1987)
• Deregulation
– Telecommunication Act (1996)
Impacts of Deregulation
• Competition
• Better and economical service
• New and flexible products
Standards - I
• Making Organizations
– International Telecommunications UnionTelecommunication Standardization Section (ITU-T)
(Consultative Committee on International Telephones
and Telegraph (CCITT))
– International Standards Organization (ISO)
– American National Standard Institute (ANSI)
– Electrical Industries Association (EIA)
– National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)
– Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
Standards -II
• Concepts
– Rules for Compatibility
– Open System
– Specify “How”
Standards - III
• Needs
–
–
–
–
–
Complex communication systems
Maintenance and future growth
Connectivity between network devices
Distributed processing systems
Diagnostic and performance management
Standards - IV
• Pros
– Compatibility between vendors
– Fewer products
• Cons
– Slow processing
– Obsolescence
– Freezing technology
– Discouraging innovation
Driving Force
• Technology push/demand pull
–
–
–
–
–
–
Vendors/consultants
Business & users
Carriers
Research
Technology
Manufacturers
Challenges
• Technology investment vs. productivity
gains
• Technology meets business needs
• Complex and compatibility issues
Solutions - I
• Top-down model
– Business: objectives
– Application: generates information to achieve
objectives
– Data: needed by applications
– Network: delivery data & information
– Technology: increases productivity and
efficiency
• Cost/benefit analysis
Solutions - II
• Open systems interconnection (OSI) model
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Physical
Data link
Network
Transport
Session
Presentation
Application
Solutions - III
• Internet suite of protocols model
– TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/internet
protocol)
• Input-processing-output (I-P-O) model
Assignment
• Review Goldman chapter 1
• Prepare activities problem no. 3 (p. 32)
• Read Goldman chapter 2