Transcript 6292A_04

Module 4
Configuring Network
Connectivity
Module Overview
• Configuring IPv4 Network Connectivity
• Configuring IPv6 Network Connectivity
• Implementing Automatic IP Address Allocation
• Troubleshooting Network Issues
Lesson 1: Configuring IPv4 Network Connectivity
• What is an IPv4 Address?
• What is a Subnet Mask?
• What is a Default Gateway?
• What are Public and Private IPv4 Addresses?
• Demonstration: Configuring an IPv4 Address
• Types of Computer Names
• Methods for Resolving Computer Names
What is an IPv4 Address?
1 to other
An IPv4
address identifiesSubnet
a computer
IP Address
192.168.2.180
computers on a network.
IP Address
192.168.2.181
IP Address
192.168.2.182
IP Address
192.168.1.200
Dotted decimal representation
IP Address
of the 192.168.1.201
address
Subnet 2
IP Address
192.168.1.202
What is a Subnet Mask?
And
here
is
the
host
ID
the
fourth
octet.
Note
network
ID
for
this
number.
This
isisa the
simple
Class
Cin
type
IPv4
number,
see
AHere
subnet
mask
specifies
which
part
of
an This
IPv4
that
this
host
ID
is shared
1
of 254
hosts
onhosts
this
specific
network
ID
will
be
by
all
the
on
the
how
3 octets
(255,
255,
255)
are
for
the
network
address
is
the
network
ID
and
which
part
of the
subnet
subnet
ID andIPv4
only address
1 same
octet
(0)
is for
the
host ID
is the
host
ID.
IP address
192
w
Subnet mask
255
w
Network ID
192
w
168
x
255
x
168
x
1
200
y
255
z
0
y
1
y
z
0
z
What is a Default Gateway?
A default gateway is a device, usually a router, on
Use a default
gateway
the internal
routing to
a TCP/IP
internet
thatwhen
forwards
IP packets
table on the other
host has
no information about
subnets.
the destination subnet.
Windows 7 clients
Windows 7 clients
Default gateway
Subnet 1
Subnet 2
Router
What are Public and Private IPv4 Addresses?
Public
Private
• Required by devices
and hosts that
connect directly to the
Internet
• Must be unique
• Routable on the
Internet
• Must be assigned by
IANA
• Non-routable on the
Internet
• Can be locally
assigned by
organization
• Must be translated to
access the Internet
Demonstration: Configuring an IPv4 Address
Your instructor will demonstrate how to configure
a Windows 7 computer with:
• An IPv4 address
• A subnet mask
• A default gateway
10 min
Types of Computer Names
Name
Description
• Up to 255 characters in length
• Can contain alphabetic and
numeric characters, periods, and
hyphens
Host name
• Part of FQDN
• Represent a single computer or
group of computers
• 15 characters used for the name
• 16th character identifies service
NetBIOS name
• Flat namespace
Methods for Resolving Computer Names
Domain Name System (DNS)
1
Local Host Name

DNS is a service that manages the resolution of host
names to IP addresses
7 LMHOSTS File

DNS is the name resolution tool of choice for Windows 7
2
DNS Resolver Cache
6
Broadcast
Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS)

3


WINS is retained for backward compatibility
DNS
Server
The
Global
WINS Server
Domain Names feature can remove5 the
need for WINS
WINS is a NetBIOS
name server
used to resolve
Name Cache
4 NetBIOS
NetBIOS
Lesson 2: Configuring IPv6 Network Connectivity
• Benefits of Using IPv6
• Windows 7 Support for IPv6
• What is the IPv6 Address Space?
• IPv6 Address Types
• Demonstration: Configuring an IPv6 Address
Benefits of Using IPv6
Benefits of using IPv6 compared to IPv4

Larger address space

More efficient routing

Simpler host configuration

Built-in security

Better prioritized delivery support

Redesigned headers
Windows 7 Support for IPv6
IPv6 is Enabled by Default
Windows 7 uses IPv6 by default to support security needs and
additional features
Windows 7 Dual Stack
Windows 7 facilitates the dual stack to use IPv4 and IPv6
simultaneously
Direct Access requires IPv6
Windows 7 clients can use Direct Access which facilitates client
computers connecting to the enterprise domain
IPv6 uses Remote Desktop
IPv6 supports Windows 7 File Sharing Security and Echo System
features such as Remote Access and Direct Access
What is the IPv6 Address Space?
The IPv6 address space:
• Uses 128 bits as compared to 32-bits that the IPv4 address
space uses
• Allocates 64-bits for the network ID and 64-bits for the host ID
• Uses a prefix to define the network ID
IPv6 uses hexidecimal notation
2001:0DB8:0000:0000:02AA:00FF:FE28:9C5A/64
Shorten
Each digit represents four bits
2001:DB8:0:0:2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A/64
Shorten
Shorten the address by dropping
leading zeros and using zero compression
2001:DB8::2AA:FF:FE28:9C5A/64
Continue shortening the address by
The prefix is a forward slashdropping
followed contiguous
by
groups of zeros
the number of bits in the network ID
IPv6 Address Types
IPv6 Address Types
• Unicast – use for one-to-one communication between hosts
• Multicast – use for one-to-many communication between
computers that are defined as using the same multicast address
• Anycast – use for locating services or the nearest router
IPv6 Unicast Address Types
• Global Unicast – globally routable and reachable on the IPv6
portion of the Internet
• Link-Local – use when communicating with neighboring hosts
on the same link
• Unique Local Unicast – equivalent to IPv4 private address
spaces, such as 10.0.0.0/8, and have the prefix FD00::/8
Demonstration: Configuring an IPv6 Address
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
•
Manually configure a Windows 7 computer with
an IPv6 address
•
Verify the IP configuration
10 min
Lesson 3: Implementing Automatic IP Address
Allocation
• Automatic IPv4 Configuration Process
• Automatic IPv6 Configuration Process
• Demonstration: Configuring a Computer to Obtain an IPv4
Address Dynamically
• Troubleshooting Client-Side DHCP Issues
Automatic IPv4 Configuration Process
Static Configuration
IPv6 Client
Automatic private IP addressing (APIPA):

Is used if a DHCP server cannot be contacted

Assigns IP addresses on the 169.254.0.0/16
network

Cannot be used with:
• Active Directory
• Internet connectivity
• Multiple subnets
DNS
IPv4•Client
IPv6 Router
or WINS servers
DHCP Server with
IPv4 Scope and
IPv6 Site
Local Scope
Automatic IPv6 Configuration Process
Static Configuration
IPv6 Client
DHCP v6 Server with
IPv6 Scope and
IPv6 Site
Local Scope
IPv6 Client
IPv6 Router
Demonstration: Configuring a Computer to
Obtain an IPv4 Address Dynamically
Your instructor will demonstrate how to:
•
Automatically configure a Windows 7
computer with an IPv4 address
•
Verify the IP configuration
10 min
Troubleshooting Client-Side DHCP Issues
IPConfig is used to display IP configuration
information and to release and renew addresses
Option
/all
Description
Displays all IP address configuration information
/release
Releases a dynamic IPv4 address lease
/renew
Renews a dynamic IPv4 address lease
Lesson 4: Troubleshooting Network Issues
• Tools for Troubleshooting Networks
• Process for Troubleshooting Networks
• Demonstration: Troubleshooting Common Network-
Related Problems
Tools for Troubleshooting Networks
Tool
Purpose
Event Viewer
Enables you to view errors relating to network activity
Windows Network
Diagnostics
Helps to diagnose and resolve network problems
IPCONFIG
Displays IP configuration information and controls the
DNS resolver cache
PING and PathPING
Verifies basic IP connectivity
TRACERT
Verifies a routing path
NSLOOKUP
Enables testing of name resolution
Process for Troubleshooting Networks
Windows Network
Diagnostics
IPConfig
NSlookup
Tracert
Ping
Demonstration: How to Troubleshoot NetworkRelated Problems
Your instructor will demonstrate how to
use the TCP/IP troubleshooting tools to
help resolve common connectivity
problems.
10 min
Lab: Configuring Network Connectivity
• Exercise 1: Configuring IPv4 Addressing
• Exercise 2: Configuring IPv6 Addressing
• Exercise 3: Troubleshooting Network Connectivity
Logon information
Virtual machine
6292A-NYC-DC1,
62924A-NYC-SVR1
User name
Contoso\Administrator
Password
Pa$$w0rd
Estimated time: 40 minutes
Lab Scenario
• Laptop computers are being introduces for some of the
managers in Contoso Corporation. You need to test how
the IPv4 configuration will behave when they are out of
the office and a DHCP server is unavailable.
• Contoso Corporation is considering the implementation of
IPv6 in the internal network. However, noone in the
organization has much experience with IPv6. You are
performing some configuration tests with DHCPv6 to see
how it behaves.
• A work experience student has been unsuccessful in
attempting to resolve an network connectivity problem on
a Windows 7 computer. The changes made to the
computer have not been documented. You need to restore
network connectivity for the computer.
Lab Review
• How are APIPA addresses for IPv4 similar to link-local
addresses in IPv6?
• How can you update a Windows 7 computer to use the
correct information after a host record is updated in DNS,
but the Windows 7 computer is still resolving the name to
the previous IP address?
Module Review and Takeaways
• Review Questions
• Tools