Transcript Intelligent Buildings

Intelligent Buildings
- a short overview
Kjeld Svidt
November 2004
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
What ?
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Examples
Introduction http://www.letsautomate.com/
Remote control, LON http://demo.echelon.com
Remote control, EIB http://demo.jnetsystems.com/
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
Why intelligent buildings?
• Comfort
– Thermal
– Visual
– Ergonomic
• Economy
– Energy
– Work efficiency
– Other resources
• Safety
– Health
– Data
– Equipment
– ...
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
What is an intelligent building?
• Intelligent buildings are buildings that through their physical
design and IT installations are responsive, flexible and
adaptive to changing needs from its users and the organisations
that inhabit the building during it's life time. The building will
supply services for its inhabitants, its administration and
operation & maintenance. The intelligent building will
accomplish transparent 'intelligent' behaviour, have state
memory, support human and installation systems
communication, and be equipped with sensors and actuators.
Per Christiansson (2000)
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
Intelligent building characteristics (1)
1. be flexible and responsive to different usage and environmental
contexts such as office, home, hotel, and industry invoking
different kinds of loads from nature, people, and building
systems,
2. be able to change states (clearly defined) with respect to
functions and user demands over time and building spaces (easy
to program and re-program during use)
3. support human communication (between individuals and groups)
4. provide transparent intelligence and be simple and
understandable to the users (support ubiquitous computers and
networks)
Per Christiansson (2000)
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
Intelligent building characteristics (2)
5. have a distributed long term and short term memory
6. contain tenant, O&M, and administration service systems
7. support introduction of new (sometimes not yet defined) services
8. be equipped with sensors (stationary and mobile) for direct or
indirect input and manipulation of signals from users, systems
and the building structure
9. be equipped with actuators for direct or indirect manipulation of
installations and the building structure
Per Christiansson (2000)
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
Intelligent building characteristics (3)
10.accomplish 'intelligent' behaviour (self diagnosis, trigger actions
on certain events and even learn from use)
11.integrate different IBI systems to form complex systems
12.contain IBI life time standardized solutions as far as possible
13.be well documented (in 3D with functional descriptions) available
in Virtual Reality with physical structure overlay
Per Christiansson (2000)
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
Intelligent building characteristics (4)
14.provide canalization (information roads) that shall house 'wires'
carrying new services
15.be able to handle high band width information transfer.
16.provide dynamic secure information domains (i.e not based on a
non-routed Ethernet in a residential block)
17.be open to efficient communication between applications based
on for example XML implementations (Christiansson 1998), and
platform independent solutions as Jini on Java Virtual Machines,
(see http://www.sun.com/jini)
Per Christiansson (2000)
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
Intelligent Building history (1)
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1980
– Yoneji Masuda writes the book 'Information Sociey' about changes in
society, infornation and knowledge industries, participatory democracy,
examples from Japan.
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1982
– AT&T establish the concept "INTELLIGENT BUILDINGS" due to
marketing reasons.
– The INFORMART building is erected in Dallas
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1984-85
– The Smart House Development USA (NAtional Association of Home
Builders, NAHB).
– 'Automated Buildings', 'High Tech. Buildings', 'Smart Houses'.
– STS, Shared Tenants Services (using PABX, private automatic branch
exchange, is an automatic telephone switching system within a private
enterprise)--->
– CSM, Communication Service Management.
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
Intelligent Building history (2)
• 1986: Seminar in Lund
– man/machine environment poor
– lack of knowledge
– information vulnerability
– flexibility requirements
– no holistic problems view
– coordination and procurement forms not
adequate
– lack of standards
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
Intelligent Building history (3)
• 1987
– N.Y. Times "I.B. is a dumb idea".
• 1990
– LonWorks technology work starts
• 1999
– Bluetooth wireless communication
– LonWorks use
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Home Automation, 15%
Industry Automation, 35%
Building Automation, 35%
Transport, etc.., 15%
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
Systems
• ”Traditional” systems
– proprietary systems
– complex cabling
• Fieldbus systems
– reduced cabling
– standardisation
– higher accuracy
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
Fieldbus examples
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LON
CAN
Profibus
Fieldbus Foundation
P-net
ASI
Interbus
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
Major IBI systems in DK
• LON (Local Operating Network)
• EIB (European Installation Bus)
• IHC (Intelligent House Control)
• Other systems to consider
– BAC-net (Building Automation and Control Network
– TCP/IP
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
LON Technology
• LonTalk protocol
– optimised for control networks
• Neuron Chip
– microprocessor with integrated network
support
• Other
– network transceivers
– routers
– software
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
The LON Neuron
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
The LON House
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
LONWorks Advantages
• Scalable system
– Plug and play devices
• Distributed intelligence
• Peer to peer communication
• Many physical transmission media
supported
• Free topology (Ref: Hertel 2002)
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
BACnet, Building Automation Control Network
• First international standard, ISO 16484-5 for Building Automation
Control
• Defines standard “objects”
– Datapoints, Setpoints, Schedules, Calendars
• Defines standard “services” for
– Data sharing, alarm & event management, Scheduling, Trending,
Device & Network Management
• Defines standard communication media
– IP, Ethernet, LON Talk, RS232, ...
• Requires every vendor to specify the specifik BACnet content of its
device
• Certifying BACnet devices started in 2004 by two official BACnet
Testing Laboratories (BTL)
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
Protocols
• Transportprotocols (”telephone”, infrastructure)
– TCP/IP
– LON
– ...
• Applicationprotocols (languages)
– LON Talk
– EIB
– BACnet
– http (web pages)
– ftp (file transfer)
– Smtp (email)
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
Intelligente Installationers Koordinering CTS/IBI
INTEGRATION
NETVÆRKS-OMRÅDET
LOKALITET
SCADA MANAGEMENT NET
Central PC
NET 5
Management
NET 4
Drift og
vedligeholds
organisation
CTS
SRO
F
C
4.2
Hovedcentral net i Management-level
4.1
Som BAC-net eller Ether-net eller ATM-net
og med "INTERNET" forbindelse
3.2
Undercentral net i Controller-level
3.1
som LONWORKs eller BAC-net
M
NET 3
CTS
2.3
Intelligent Installationer Field-level
2.2
som LONWORKs
2.1
~
220V
NET 2
"INFRANET"
^
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c
d
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Administration
VAV
Gateway
LYS
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Brugsarealer som
serviceres:
Kontor
~
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Maskinrum
Varmecentral
Ventilations &
Kølecentral
IBI
^
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• BACnet vinder
indpas på
management niveau
• LON Talk på field
niveau, hvor der er
brug for realtime
dataudveksling
LUX
PIR
Produktion
Møde- og
Konferencelokaler
VARME
1.1
PC - LAN - Administrativt net
Som f.eks. PDS incl.
Telefon og Telenet
"INTRANET"
Brugsarealers
datanet
NET 1
Kjeld Svidt, Aalborg University 25.11.2004
VF 9901 400