Transcript 20060208-highspipv6-ricciulli

1-10 Gbps IPv6
Programmable IDS/IPS
Livio Ricciulli
[email protected]
(408) 835-5005
Rome Laboratories
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*Supported by the Division of Design Manufacturing and Industrial Innovation of the National Science Foundation (Awards #0339343,
0521902) and the Air Force Rome Laboratories.
Brief History
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Active Networks (DARPA Program)
– Change behavior of network components (routers) dynamically (add
new protocols, flow control algorithms, monitoring, etc..)
– Discrete. Update network through separate management operations
– Integrated. Packets cause network to update itself
– Broad scope did not result in industry adoption
– Lack of “killer application”
– Lack of tight industry interaction
– Tried to change too much too soon
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Our bottom-up approach
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Achieve programmability while reusing current infrastructure
Augment networks with new, non-invasive technology
Application-driven rather than design-driven
Work closely with users/operators
Revisit hardware computational model
1-10 Gbps IDS/IPS Hardware
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Open architecture to leverage open source software
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Retain high-degree of programmability
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Unanchored payload string search
Support analysis across packets
Gracefully handle state exhaustion
Hardware support for adaptive information management
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New threat models (around the corner)
Extend to application beyond IDS/IPS
Line-speed/low latency to allow integration in production networks
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More robust, more flexible, promotes composability
Directly support Snort signatures
Abstract hardware as a network interface from OS prospective
Detailed reporting when reporting bandwidth is available
Dynamically switch to more compact representations when necessary
Support the insertion of application-specific analysis code in the fast path
Flynn’s Computer Taxonomy
MIMD
Instructions
P1
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Pn
Data
Alert
Instructions
Get packet
Compare
to rules
Reduction Network
P0
Processor
Alert
P1
Data
Alert
Data
....
Pn
Instructions
Instructions
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P0
SIMD
SISD
Memory
Reduction Network
Compare
to rules
Processor
Processor
Processor
Processor
Alert
MISD
Data
Memory
Memory
Memory
Memory
Get packet
Layer-1 Filtering
Monitoring System
RxData
RxEnable
Block Direction 2
PHY
AND
RxData
RxEnable
Block Direction 1
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PHY
AND
Product Architecture
100Mb-10Gb
PHY
+
RAM
Block
State
L-1
Read
Only
RAM
FPGA
PHY
Static
rules
Synthesis +
firmware update
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IPS/
IDS
Dynamic
rules
Runtime update
Flexible Deployment Options
Router/Switch
Inline
IDS/IPS
Multiple Mirrors
Passive
IDS/IPS
– IPS application
– Chain multiple cards inline for
additional rule capacity
– IDS and other passive
monitoring
– Up to 4 cards/8 ports in
Force10 appliance
– Mix of 1G and 10G
Mirror Port
Passive Inline
IDS/IPS
To other passive
device
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– Extend passive capacity
– Can hang multiple passive
devices off 1 TAP or Mirror
Stateful Content Inspection
Performance Comparison
Pe rce natge of Ale rt Los s
M bps
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1000
2000
% of alert loss
100.00%
80.00%
60.00%
40.00%
20.00%
0.00%
-20.00%
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darpa no MTP
w eb1 no MTP
w eb2 no MTP
darpa w ith MTP
w eb1 w ith MTP
w eb2 w ith MTP
3000
Intuitive Management Tools
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Interface
– Card operates as a standard NIC
– Reuse all existing Unix-based utilities/applications
– Policies implemented rule by rule for block, forward, ignore and
capture
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IPv6 Security Hardware
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IPv6 options provide a covert channel
– Ex. Joe 6 pack (http://people.suug.ch/~tgr/misc/j6p1.0.tar.gz) uses IPv6 Destination option for
transport
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Want to see what are IPv6 options used for
(for example source routing)
– Extend hardware payload match semantics to Ipv6
header
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Tunneling
– Want to inspect headers of multiple tunnels
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Technical Approach (continued)
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Anchored and unanchored matching
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Ipv4 matching requires the following 2 offsets
– IPv4 Header start (fixed 14 bytes from the start of the frame)
– Payload start (variable due to Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) options)
IPv6 capable hardware modified to work with multiple variable offsets provided by the
decoding phase
– IPv4-IPv6 Header starts (variable due to tunneling)
– Option starts (variable due to tunneling + IP options)
– HLP start (variable due to tunneling + IP options)
– Payload start (variable due to tunneling + IP options + TCP options)
Matching through variable offsets
Technical Approach
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IPv6 Decoding according to RFC2460 + IPv4
Decoding
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Extract from header a set of offset pointers into the packet starting from the first Internet Protocol (IP)
byte
The following offsets are memorized for each packet
– Header start V6
– Header start V4
– High-Level Protocol (HLP) start
– Payload Start
– Hop-by-Hop
– Routing
– Fragment
– Destination
– Authentication
– Security Payload
Tunneling counter from 0 to N indicating which tunnel level
Additions to IPv6 API
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8-bit “parse” value indicating which section of the
packet is being clocked in
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Unknown
IPV4 = 0x4
Payload = 0xFE
TCP = 0x6
ICMPV4 = 0x1
UDP = 0x11
IPV6 = 41
Routing = 43
Fragment = 44
Destination = 60
Authentication = 51
Security Payload = 50
ICMPv6 = 58
Hop by Hop = 0
Counters
– Tunnel “tcnt” counter
– Length offset within section pointed to by “parse”
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TopN destination ports
memory mem(.c1(clk),.a1(dstp[15:0]),.di1(newval),.do1(oldvalout),.w(write),.c2(cnfclk),.a2(address[15:0]),.do2(valout));
always@(posedge clk)
begin
if(offset==1) begin
proto<=data[7:0];
end else
if(offset==2 && (proto==06 || proto==17)) begin
dstp<=data[31:16];
end else
if(offset==4 && dstp!=0) begin
newval<=oldvalout+1;
write<=1;
end else
begin
write<=0;
end
end
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Reuse existing Opens Source
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Available Today
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P10 PCI Card (10 GbE interface)
– High speed PCI card in 1U
chassis
– Wire-speed stateful deep packet
inspection; 20G-in/20G-out
– 650 static rule capacity 65
dynamic rules; (currently being
increased);
– 8 million concurrent flows
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P1 PCI Card (GbE interface)
– High speed PCI card in 1U
chassis
– Wire-speed stateful deep packet
inspection; 2G-in/2G-out
– 1000 static rule capacity; up to
200 dynamic; (currently being
increased);
– 2 million concurrent flows
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P1/P10 Appliance
– 1U host embeds a P1 or P10 PCI
card
– Software and drivers pre-installed
and pre-configured
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Summary
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Extremely low latency design enables a wide variety of deployment
options
Leverage Open Source software
1G and 10G available today
Processing paradigm lends itself to ad-hoc application level
programmability
Livio Ricciulli
[email protected]
(408) 835-5005
www.metanetworks.org
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Thank You
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