Transcript Center for Management Development

Introduction to Electronic
Commerce
TERMS
Dr. Scudder
Center for Management Development
1
Index 1
ANSI
Application
Anonymous FTP
Application Acknowledgement
ASCII
ATM
Authentication
Backbone
Bandwidth
Barcode
Bit
Broadband
Browser
Edifact
Bulletin Board
EDI
Cad/Cam
Electronic Form
Commerce
EFT
Convergence
Electronic Publishing
Cross post
Electronic Purse
Critical Mass
Encryption
Cyber Space
FAQ
Defacto Standard
FTP
Digital Cash
Filter
Digital Signature
Finger
E-Commerce
Firewall
E-mail
Flame
Center for Management Development
GO to Next
Index Page
2
Index 2
GIF
Mail bomb
PSTN
HTML
Mail box
Public Domain
Hypertext
Map
Quick Response
Micropayment
Remote Access
MIME
Remote Host
Multimedia
Slip
Network
Server
Internet
Newbie
SMTP
ISP
Non-repudiation
Smart Card
Interoperability
Point-to-point
Snail Mail
IP Address
Point-to-multipoint
Spamming
PGP
Stand Alone
Product code
TCP/IP
Protocol
Telnet
HTTP
Information
Superhighway
JIT
List Serv
LAN
Proxy server
Center for Management Development
3
Index 3
Text File
Web Server
Trading Partner
Web Site
Transmission
World Wide Web
Trojan Horse
URL
Protocols
UPC
Http
VAN
TCP/IP
User Friendly
FTP
Uuencode
POP
Value Added
Network
IMAP
Web Page
Go Back to
Previous Index
Center for Management Development
4
Commerce
Defined
– “Activity embracing all forms of the
purchase and sale of goods and services”
• Collins English Dictionary
Center for Management Development
5
Electronic Commerce
Includes business functions other than just
‘purchase of goods and services’, i.e.
– ATO Electronic Lodgement Service
– CHESS Australian Stock Exchange
– ASC Electronic Document Lodgement
– NSW Tax line - Stamp duty
Center for Management Development
6
Electronic Commerce
Is not about the technology itself
It is about business and how businesses use
the available technology and applications to
meet their business needs incl.
– Improving effectiveness, efficiency, flexibility
and capacity to adapt to changing
conditions
Center for Management Development
7
Electronic Commerce
Technologies
Processor technologies
Networking technologies
Data capture technologies
Storage technologies
Display technologies
Printing technologies
Center for Management Development
8
Electronic Commerce
Applications
Email
EDI (Electronic Data Interchange)
Smart cards
EFTPOS
Electronic catalogues
Electronic directories
Center for Management Development
9
EC Terminology
New technology terms developed on an ongoing basis
A selection of electronic commerce terms
Center for Management Development
10
ANSI
(American National Standards Institute)
– administer a wide variety of standards in the
US including the ASCX12 EDI standard)
Application
– a software program that performs a useful
task of tasks on a computer system
Center for Management Development
11
Anonymous FTP
– an Internet tool that enables anonymous
access to a remote computer system
Application Acknowledgment
– an EDI transaction set used for the
automatic acknowledgment of another
transaction sent e.g. a purchase order
Center for Management Development
12
ASCII
– American Standard Code for Information
Exchange
– an 8 bit code to represent 256 characters
of the English alphabet, foreign language
characters, numbers, punctuation and
selected symbols
Center for Management Development
13
ATM
– Asynchronous Transfer Mode
– a technology that permits the sharing of
transmission facilities between different
data types, i.e. voice, data and video by
carrying the data in small fixed-sized cells
(56 byte)
Center for Management Development
14
Authentication
– method of ensuring that the party
accessing a computer system is actually
the party they are claiming to be
Backbone
– a network that connects other networks
and allows them to send data to one
another
Center for Management Development
15
Bandwidth
– the amount of data that can be transmitted
over a circuit or network measured in bits
per second
Bar code
– printed bars and spaces that represent
alpha-numeric characters that enables
data to be captured automatically into
computer systems
Center for Management Development
16
Bit
– the smallest unit of information, i.e. a
binary digit equal to either a zero or one
Broadband
– any transmission system that combines
multiple signals on one circuit i.e. a cable
which can support video, voice and text
simultaneously
Center for Management Development
17
Browser
– a program that locates and displays HTML
documents e.g. Internet Explorer, Netscape,
Mosaic, Opera, etc.
Bulletin Board (BBS)
– a computer system that provides subscribers with
news and information on particular topics and
usually allows posting of public and private
messages by subscribers
Center for Management Development
18
CAD/CAM
– computer aided design/computer aided
manufacturing
Client
– any computer or application that requests
services or information from another
computer or application
Center for Management Development
19
Convergence
– refers to the ‘moving together’ of the
various communications, information and
entertainment industries to a common
interactive broadband media
Crosspost
– where the same message is posted to
multiple newsgroups
Center for Management Development
20
Critical mass
– a technology derives its value from the
extent that its use is universal amongst
potential users. Critical mass is the point
where the number of users of the
technology is such that its use is
considered to be ‘universal’
Center for Management Development
21
Cyberspace
– a term used to describe all computers and forms
of electronic communication as an ‘environment’
that users can enter and experience e.g. over the
Internet
De facto standard
– a standard that is widely used by many users and
software developers without having been created
or approved by an official standards body
Center for Management Development
22
Digital cash
– funds which are held in an on-line account
which can be electronically transferred
between two parties
Digital signature
– a method of ensuring that a message was
actually sent by a person claiming to send
it
Center for Management Development
23
Email
– the deliver of text messages and attachments over
a network from on computer to another, generally
messages created by a human and intended for
one or more people
EDIFACT
– Electronic Data Interchange for Administration
Trade and Transport
– UN sponsored global EDI standards
Center for Management Development
24
Electronic Commerce
– the conduct of business communication
and transactions over networks and
through computers
Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)
– the computer application to computer
application exchange of business data
between organisations in a structured and
standardised format
Center for Management Development
25
Electronic form (eform)
– an electronic form displayed on a computer screen
for completion by the user
Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT)
– the electronic transfer of funds between bank
accounts of business partners
Electronic publishing
– the electronic distribution of newsletters, journals,
white papers, research reports etc.
Center for Management Development
26
Electronic purse
– a card with stored value that can be
‘loaded’ with digital cash at banks or from
‘electronic wallets’ and spent using “pointof-sale’ devices
Encryption
– the disguising of a message to obscure its
meaning
Center for Management Development
27
FAQ
– a list of frequently asked questions about a
topic with answers
FTP (File transfer protocol)
– a tool which allows users to transfer files
from remote hosts to their computer
Filter
– a utility that disposes of unwanted input
according to pre-defined specifications
Center for Management Development
28
Finger
– a tool that allows a user to obtain a list of
all users currently logged on to a specific
host
Firewall
– a computer system, router or pair of
routers between the Internet and a private
network to prevent unauthorised users
from accessing the private network
Center for Management Development
29
Flame
– an angry or often insulting message
GIF (Graphics Interchange Format)
– a file format that supports the transmission
of graphics files
HTML
– HyperText Mark-up Language
– the document language used for creating
WWW pages
Center for Management Development
30
HTTP
Hyper Text Transfer Protocol
HyperText (or hot links)
– links to other sections of the same document or
other documents over the WWW
Information Superhighway
– the global information infrastructure, including the
Internet, PSTN (public switched telephone
network), the cable network etc.
Center for Management Development
31
Internet
– a global network of “Inter”connected
computer “net”works
Internet Service Provider (ISP)
– provides connections to the Internet
Center for Management Development
32
Interoperability
– the ability to integrate products from different
vendors into functional systems without
developing custom software, hardware or tools,
and without using gateways between the products
IP address
– a 32 bit number that uniquely identifies the
connection between the Internet and each host
computer or IP router
Center for Management Development
33
Just-in-time
– a process designed to minimise the amount of
inventory held and requires the delivery of goods
from suppliers ‘just-in-time’ when they are needed.
Used in the supply of goods for manufacturing and
in the retail sector when usage or sale can be
programmed.
LAN
– local area network- a network typically found in a
limited geographic area or devoted to a specific
department or organization.
Center for Management Development
34
Listserv
– a mailing list that automatically distributes
messages sent to it
Mail bomb
– filling other Internet users email box with
unwanted messages
Center for Management Development
35
Mailbox
– a logical storage area for incoming email
messages which await a specified user
Map
– Translation from one format to another. In
EDI, the translation of EDI data from one
EDI format to another or between an EDI
format and the format of another system
Center for Management Development
36
Micropayment
– a very small payment (fraction of a cent)
MIME
– multi-purpose Internet mail extension
– a standard for sending multimedia nonASCII messages over the Internet
Center for Management Development
37
Multimedia
– documents that combine multiple data
types, e.g. text, graphics, scanned images,
audio and video
Network
– the hardware and software that permits
multiple computers to communicate with
each other
Center for Management Development
38
Newbie
– a new Internet user
Non-repudiation
– assurance to either party in an electronic
transaction that the other cannot later deny
having agreed to or sent the transaction.
The assurance is generally provided by
means of a digital signature
Center for Management Development
39
Point to point
– a mode of communication in which two
parties communicate with each other, e.g.
telephone calls
Point to multipoint
– a mode of communication in which one
party communicates with many
Center for Management Development
40
PGP
– pretty good privacy
– an encryption program freely distributed on
the Internet for assuring privacy of email
messages
Product code
– an alphanumeric code that uniquely
identifies a product
Center for Management Development
41
Protocol
– a description of rules and guidelines that
determine how computers and other devices on a
network communicate with each other
Proxy server
– a server which relays requests for service on
behalf of clients. It may also provide a firewall
security between the Internet and a private
network by examining the content of packets
before forwarding them
Center for Management Development
42
PSTN
– public switched telephone network
Public domain
– a program or document not protected by
copyright, patents or trade secrets that
may be copied, modified or resold, for any
purpose without any obligation to the
originator
Center for Management Development
43
Quick response (QR)
– a strategy to improve response to
customer demand by using various
technologies to share point-of-sale
information between retailers, wholesalers,
manufacturers and suppliers
Remote access
– dial-up access to a network or computer
system
Center for Management Development
44
Remote host
– a host (computer) accessed over a network
using telnet, FTP, or some other client
application
Slip
– a standard for TCP/IP point-to-point
connections over serial lines
Center for Management Development
45
Server
– a computer or software program that
provides services to clients over a network
upon request
SMTP
– the worldwide de-facto electronic
messaging standard. Whilst it facilitates
mail between the Internet and other
networks, it is limited to ASCII characters
Center for Management Development
46
Smart card
– a credit card sized device implanted with
either computer memory chips or computer
processors
Snail mail
– mail delivered by the traditional postal
service
Center for Management Development
47
Spamming
– the mass distribution of unwanted
information (usually commercial) to Internet
users and newsgroups
Stand-alone
– an adjective used to describe a computer
system that completely performs its
function without the need to connect to
another computer system
Center for Management Development
48
TCP/IP
– transmission control protocol/Internet
protocol
Telnet
– the standard Internet Terminal emulation
protocol that permits clients to log-on to
remote computers
Center for Management Development
49
Text file
– a file that only contains ASCII characters
which can be read on a screen by a human
Trading partner
– any company or organisation that regularly
transacts business
Center for Management Development
50
Transmission
– the transfer of information from one
location to another by electronic,
electromagnetic or optical means
Trojan horse
– a seemingly benign computer program
which contains software designed to
disrupt the computer it runs on and
possible destroy data
Center for Management Development
51
URL (uniform resource locator)
– a standardised method of identifying any
document or resource on the Internet e.g.
http://www.buseco.monash.edu.au/
UPC (universal product code)
– a numeric code for retail goods that identifies a
particular product (6 digits to identify the
manufacturer and 6 digits assigned by the
manufacturer to uniquely identify the product)
VAN
Value Added Network – Network provider of
business services such as EDI
Center for Management Development
52
User-friendly
– easily used by a user, particularly one who
is not familiar with the application or with
computers and software in general
Uuencode
– a Unix program that encodes a binary file
into ASCII so that it can be transmitted over
Internet mail. The recipient uses the
uudecode program to decode the file
Center for Management Development
53
Value Added Network (VAN)
– a network that offers special services such
as protocol conversion and data store and
forward
Web page
– text and graphics sent to a web browser by
a web server which may or may not fill
more than one computer screen but all of
which can be viewed by scrolling
Center for Management Development
54
Web server
– a server supporting one or more web sites
which supplies web pages to web browsers
upon request
Web site
– one or more interlinked web pages
controlled by a single organisation and
linked to a single home page
Center for Management Development
55
World Wide Web (WWW)
– a set of Internet servers that provide
hypertext services to clients running WWW
browsers
Center for Management Development
56
Sample Protocols
– HTTP – Hypertext Transfer Protocol
– TCP/IP – Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol
– FTP – File Transfer Protocol
– POP – Post Office Protocol
– IMAP –Internet Mail Access Protocol
Center for Management Development
57