Transcript Network5
Chapter 5 5.1 5.2 5.3 Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet NIC Evolution of Ethernet Name convention Chapter 5 Ethernet Ethernet Ethernet is LAN technology that includes hardware software protocols, and cabling characterised by CSMA/CD - an access method in shared medium Other technologies: Token Ring AppleTalk ATM wireless LAN etc. Chapter 5 Ethernet 5.1 Ethernet NIC (1/3) Network Interface Card (NIC) network adapter required in all computers on Ethernet interface between a computer and the networking medium consists circuitry for encoding/decoding signals used by • CPU • network cable Chapter 5 Ethernet 5.1 Ethernet NIC (2/3) Network Interface Card (NIC) (cont’) easy to install inexpensive transmission speeds 10 Mbps, 100 Mbps, 1 Gbps, 10 Gbps e.g. 10/100 Mbps Ethernet NIC have Medium Access Control (MAC) address unique address for NIC burnt onto the ROM written to all packets Chapter 5 Ethernet 5.1 Ethernet NIC (3/3) Wireless NIC is NOT an Ethernet NIC access method is CSMA/CA wireless NIC standard IEEE 802.11. Bridge joins dissimilar networks e.g. wired Ethernet and wireless networks Chapter 5 Ethernet 5.2 Evolution of Ethernet (1/5) The early Ethernet used bus topology 10Base-2 and 10Base-5 coaxial cables Repeater amplifies the electrical signals Starting from 10Base-T used star topology UTP cables hubs as cable concentrator Chapter 5 Ethernet 5.2 Evolution of Ethernet (2/5) Hub effectively a repeater max. distance between two nodes = 2 x effective transmission length always broadcasts signals to all other ports increases chance of collisions half-duplex Chapter 5 Ethernet 5.2 Evolution of Ethernet (3/5) Bridge can learn which devices are on each side limits the traffic within one side by allowing data targeted to the other side of the bridge to pass effectively breaks an Ethernet network into two segments also used to connect an Ethernet network to other types of network e.g. Token Ring/wireless network. Chapter 5 Ethernet 5.2 Evolution of Ethernet (4/5) Switch multi-port bridge does not broadcast signals reduces chance of collisions establishes a connection between 2 computers full-duplex allows several pairs of nodes to transmit simultaneously so, nodes can operate at their specified bandwidth Cables: in star topology UTP cables (100Base-T, 1000Base-T) fiber-optic cable (1000Base-F) Chapter 5 Ethernet 5.2 Evolution of Ethernet (5/5) Routers connects networks of different NetID understand IP address but not MAC address users need to know IP address of router in configuration Note: Bridges connects network segments with the same NetID, but routers with different NetID. Chapter 5 Ethernet 5.3 Naming Convention (1/2) nBase-x or nBroad-x n can be 10, 100, 1000 or 10G speed in Mbps, if “G” is not specified. Base or Broad represents the mode of signal transmission: Base - baseband • one signal at a time Broad - broadband • multiple signals at a time, using multiplexing x represents the transmission medium T - twisted pair cable F - fiber-optic cable a number - maximum length e.g. 10Base-T: 10 Mbps/baseband/twisted pair cable 100Base-F: 100 Mbps/baseband/fiber-optic cable Chapter 5 Ethernet 5.3 Naming Convention (2/2) Chapter 5 Ethernet 5.3 Naming Convention A. Topology and Networking Media Early Ethernet used coaxial cables bus topology 10Base-2 &10Base-5 Current Ethernet use mainly cat-5 UTP cables hub/switch star topology. Fast Ethernet Cat-5 UTP cables bandwidth 100 Mbps 100Base-T Gigabit Ethernet bandwidth 1000 Mbps 1000Base-T Chapter 5 Ethernet 5.3 Naming Convention B. Ethernet and TCP/IP Ethernet standard about hardware technology in building a local area network defines how hardware should be manufactured TCP/IP a set of protocols rules governing how computers communicate define how software should be developed