Transcript TCP/IP Utilities

TCP/IP
CIS 454
Dr. Ganesan
Monday 6:10-10:00 p.m.
Presented by:
Rahmat Fazilat
Jeff Ho
Joseph Kwon
Bic Mohandie
TCP/IP AGENDA
Introduction to TCP/IP
Speaker
Bic Mohandie
TCP/IP Model
Bic Mohandie
TCP/IP Model vs.OSI Model
Bic Mohandie
TCP/IP Utilities
Joseph Kwon
DNS and WINS
Jeff Ho
DHCP
RahmatFazilat
Introduction to TCP/IP

Evolution of TCP/IP

Overview of TCP/IP

Benefits of Using TCP/IP
Birth of Internet, TCP/IP & Related Items
Email 72
UUCP 76
Ethernet 73
Minitel 81
NSFNET 86
Netscape 94
DNS 84
Apranet 69
70
Mosaic 92
TCP/IP 82
Usenet 79
75
80
92
WWW 90
85
90
93
First Web Sites
95
94
GNN
Yahoo
Java 95
2000
95
NetMarket
CNN
Digicash
Iworld
MS Net Explorer
Java
96
Overview of TCP/IP
What is TCP/IP?
•
TCP/IP is a set of protocols developed to
allow cooperating computers to share
resources across a network
•
TCP/IP is composed of layers
•
Made up of two acronyms:
TCP - Transmission Control Protocol
IP - Internet Protocol
Overview of TCP/IP
 What is TCP?
 What is IP?
 TCP/IP provides:




Connection oriented communications
Confirmation of reception - reliable link
Ordering of received information
Addressing of individual processes with a
machine (TCP ports)
Benefits of TCP/IP
TCP/IP:
•
Provides an enterprise-wide
network solution
•
Is an open standard
•
Provides connectivity to the
Internet
•
Provides robust WAN
connectivity
TCP/IP Model
Application/Process
Layer
Host-to-Host
Layer
Internet
Layer
Network Access
Layer
TCP/IP Model
TCP/IP defines a four layer model
consisting of:
•
Network Access Layer
•
Internet Layer
•
Host-to-Host Layer
•
Application Layer
TCP/IP Model vs.
OSI Model
Application
Layer
Application/Process
Layer
Presentation
Layer
Session
Layer
Layer 7
Layer 6
Layer 5
Host-to-Host
Layer
Transport
Layer
Layer 4
Internet
Layer
Network
Layer
Layer 3
Network Access
Layer
Data Link
Layer
Physical
Layer
Layer 2
Layer 1
TCP/IP Utilities

File Transfer Utilities

Interactive Utilities

Printing Utilities

Troubleshooting Utilities
File Transfer Utilities
 FTP ( File Transfer Protocol)

transfer files to and from a computer running
an FPT service.
 TFTP (Trivial File Transfer Protocol)



connectionless file transfer protocol
command line system
required a TFTP server on the other host
File Transfer Utilities
 RCP (Remote Copy Protocol)

copies files between an NT computer and a
remote system running RSHD(Remote Shell
Daemon).
Interactive Utilities
 Internet Explorer

internet browser.
 Telnet

connect to another system using
terminal emulation.
Printing Utilities
 LPR (Line Printer Request)


output to the printer.
lpr -SServer -PPrinter [-CClass]
[-JJobname] [-O option] filename
 LPQ: read the status of a print queue
on a remote system.

lpq -SSever -PPrinter [-l]
Troubleshooting Utilities
 Ping

Basic troubleshooting utility.

Check a connection between two machines.

Example: ping 38.249.127.100
Pinging 38.249.127.100 with 32 bytes of data:
Reply from 38.249.127.100: bytes=32 time<10ms
TTL=128
Troubleshooting Utilities
 IPCONFIG: check all the appropriate
configuration parameters
are set up in the system.
 Finger: check users running on the
remote system. This is handy
if you need to shut down a
system remotely.
Troubleshooting Utilities
 TRACERT: traces the connection
between a local and a
target machine; does not
require the target system’s
IP address.
 NSLookup: name service lookup for a
specific computer or
network domain.
TCP/IP Softwares
 Network Access Site 3.0
 PC-Xware 5.0
 TCP/IP V6.2
Domain Name System (DNS)
AND
Windows Internet Naming
Service (WINS)
Jeff Ho
Domain Name System (DNS)

Principle designer of DNS was Dr. Paul
Mockapetris

Set of protocols and services on a TCP/IP
network which allow users to utilize
hierarchical user-friendly names

Used extensively on the internet and in
many private enterprises
Overview of DNS

A DNS is composed of a distributed database of
names which establish a logical tree structure
called the domain name space.

Each node/domain in the domain name space is
named and can contain subdomains.

The domain name identifies the domain’s position
in the logical DNS hierarchy in relation to it’s
parent domain by separating each branch of the
tree with a period “.”.
DNS Servers and the Internet

The root of the DNS database on the Internet is
managed by the Internet Network Information
Center (http://www.internic.com).

Top-level domains were assigned organizationally
and by country.

Two-letter and three-letter abbreviations are used
for countries, and various abbreviations are
reserved for use by organizations.
DNS Domain

com Commercial (microsoft.com)

edu Educational (mit.edu)

gov Government (whitehouse.gov)

int
International (nato.int)

mil
Military operations (army.mil)

net
Networking organizations (nsf.net)

org
Noncommercial organizations (fidonet.org)
Windows Internet Naming
Service (WINS)

Part of the Microsoft Windows NT Server

Manages the association of workstation
names and locations with Internet Protocol
addresses (IP addresses)
Overview of WINS

Automatically creates a computer name-IP
address mapping entry in a table.

Automatically updates changes in the
subnet in the WINS table.

Complements the NT Server’s DHCP,
which negotiates an IP address for any
computer when it is first defined on the
network.
Difference with DNS and WINS
 DNS information for a particular domain is
configured through static configuration files.
WINS information database is built dynamically
without human intervention.
 WINS and DNS are used to resolve different types
of services. DNS is used to resolve service types
like HTTP. WINS name resolution is used to
resolve names of NETBIOS services.
DYNAMIC HOST
CONFIGURATION PROTOCOL
(DHCP)
IN WINDOWS NT
ENVIRONMENT
Rahmat Fazilat
DYNAMIC HOST CONFIGURATION
PROTOCOL


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
DHCP overview
How DHCP works
IP management
Management of DHCP data
Advantages
DHCP OVERVIEW

Dynamic host configuration protocol, centralizes network
configuration and automates address assignment, often on
a leased basis.

DHCP is a way for network computers to get their TCP/IP
setting at boot time from a central server

Enterprises with over 75 TCP/IP users will reap the
benefits of DHCP server

With DHCP, you need to hard code only one IP address
A NETWORK OFFERING DHCP
SUPPORT
DHCP CLIENT
128.0.0.1
DHCP CLIENT
NETWORK 128.0.0.0
DHCP CLIENT
DHCP
SERVER
ROUTER WITH
BOOTHP
129.0.0.2
129.0.0.1
NETWORK 129.0.0.0
HOW DHCP WORKS
 DHCP requires the use of a client and a server

DHCP clients sends out a broadcast “DHCP discover”

The DHCP server determines if they can provide
configuration information for the client

The client selects one of the addresses and sends a
request to use that address to the DHCP server

The DHCP server acknowledges the request and grants
the client a lease to use the address “DHCP offer”

The client uses the address to bind itself to the network
HOW DHCP WORKS

DHCP server reserves an IP address for specific
duration

Lease renewal request are sent automatically

Defining short lease times assist networks that have
limited quantity of IP addresses

If the DHCP client is turned off for the day, the DHCP
server reclaims the IP address and puts it back in the IP
pool
IP MANAGEMENT OF DNS AND DHCP DATA
DHCP ADVANTAGES
 Eliminates TCP/IP configuration error
 IP management solution will save more then 80% in the
form of labor and maintenance costs
 Centralized configuration management
 Supports remote and mobile computers easily
 Ease of administrative burden of moving machines
 Increase efficiency of all network services
 Improves flexibility
The End