Transcript Notes on Islam

2 May 2016
EQ – What are the basic beliefs of Muslims?
EQ – What are the Crusades?
• Bellringer –Draw & Explain the Social Pyramid for the Middle
AGes
• Basics of Islam
• Basics of Crusades
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HW : Review Notes on Islam!
*Middle Ages Assessment Thursday
Study Guide due Wednesday
Shields due Friday
Break Down by Numbers
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Christianity – 2.1 Billion
Islam – 1.3 Billion
Hinduism – 856 Million
Buddhism – 381 Million
Judaism – 14.8 Million
Non Religious – 801 Million
Atheist – 152 Million
Islam is the second most common religion in the world
There are more than 1.3 billion Muslims in the world
There are about 6 million Muslims in the United States
An Overview of
Islam
Introduction
• Islam means “PEACE” ~ Peace comes from
total submission to God (according to Islam)
• Name of God in Arabic is ALLAH
• Muslim is a person – follower of Islam
• Muslims believe in One God (monotheistic)
• Muslims accept Muhammad as the final
prophet of God
Allah
The name for God in the Arabic language
Prophets
For Example:
Noah, Abraham, Moses
David, Jesus & Muhammad
(Peace be upon them)
Muslims…
believe in Allah as the only true God,
and that Muhammad is his Final
Prophet.
Muhammad
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Islam is a monotheistic faith centered around belief in the one God (Allah).
In this regard, it shares some beliefs with Judaism and Christianity by
tracing its history back to the patriarch Abraham, and ultimately to the first
prophet, Adam. All the prophets preached the same universal message of
belief in one God and kindness to humanity. The last in the series of
prophets, according to Muslims, was Muhammad.
Muhammad was born in Mecca, Saudi Arabia around 570 CE. He worked
first as a shepherd and then as a merchant. He was not happy with the
people around him because of superstitions and social and economic
injustice. The people were worshipping many gods and had forgotten the
message of prophet Abraham to worship one God. Muhammad loved to
pray and meditate in the mountains. On one of those occasions, in the year
610 CE, when he was about 40 years old, he received a revelation from
God through the angel Jibril (Gabriel). He continued to receive messages
from God throughout his life and he began preaching to others what he had
learned. His main message is that there was no other God but Allah and
that people should lead their lives in a way that was pleasing to Allah.
Muhammad
• Muhammad was born in Mecca around 570
• As an adult he managed a caravan
business owned by a woman whom he later
married when he was 25.
• Mecca was a changing city & Muhammad
was growing concerned about these
changes.
Muhammad
• When he was around 40, he went to meditate in a
cave. According to religious writings, an angel spoke
to Muhammad telling him to “Recite! Recite!”
• “Recite in the name of your Lord who created,
created man from clots of blood! Recite! Your Lord
is the Most Bountiful One, Who by the pen taught
man what he did not know.” – translated by N.J.
Dawood
• Muslims believe that God spoke to Muhammad
through an angel – making him a prophet – the final
prophet for Islam.
• The messages were recorded in the Qur’an
Islam Basics
• The Final Messenger of God→
Muhammad
• Name of God in Arabic→ Allah
• Islam→ “To submit to God.”
• Muslim→ A follower of Islam
• Hajj→ The pilgrimage to Mecca (trip)
• Holy Book→ Qur’an
• House of Worship→ Mosque
• Minaret→ The slender tower of a mosque
Qur’an
Revealed 1400 years ago to Muhammad –
believed to be the exact word of God
Mosque
The Place where Muslims Pray
Muhammad’s house became the first mosque
Five Pillars of Practice In Islam
• 1. Accepting One God and prophet Muhammad as
his final messenger
• 2. Prayers – 5 times a day
• 3. Fasting – for 30 days during Ramadan
• 4. Charity – to the deserving and less fortunate
• 5. Pilgrimage – Hajj to Mecca, Saudi Arabia at
least once in your lifetime
Islam
1 2 3 4 5
The five pillars of Islam…
Shahadah
1
The Declaration of Faith (shahada): The first act of
worship is the declaration that "There is no deity except
God and Muhammad is the messenger of God." Muslims
repeat this statement many times a day during their prayers.
If someone wants to become a Muslim, he or she makes
this profession of faith as an entry into Islam.
2
Prayer
Prayer (salat): Islam prescribes a brief prayer or ritual worship five times a day: at dawn,
noon, late afternoon, sunset and night. Muslims perform ablution before prayer -- a brief
prescribed washing of the hands, mouth, nose, face, arms and feet. One may pray alone
or in a group in any clean location, including a mosque. The Friday noon prayer is special
to Muslims and is done in a mosque if possible. Muslims face in the direction of Mecca
when they pray
Today’s Prayer Times
• “...set up Regular Prayers: For such prayers
are enjoined on believers at stated times. "
Qur'an 4:103
Prayer Times for Chicago, Illinois, United States – 4/18/2016
Mon
18 Apr
Tue
19 Apr
Wed
20 Apr
Fajr
04:43
04:41
04:39
Sunrise
06:06
06:04
06:03
Dhuhr
12:50
12:50
12:50
Asr
16:36
16:36
16:37
Maghrib
19:34
19:35
19:37
Isha'a
20:57
20:58
21:00
3 Zakat-Charity
Muslims are required to give to the poor and needy.
Islam prescribes an obligatory charity, known as zakat,
based on two and a half percent of one's income and
wealth. In addition to this prescribed charity, Muslims
are encouraged to give as much as they can in
voluntary charity throughout the year
4
Fasting
Muslims are required to fast from dawn to sunset during the
month of Ramadan, the ninth month of the lunar calendar.
People gather in the evenings for a festive breaking of the
fast. When fasting, Muslims refrain from food, liquid, and
sexual activity. During Ramadan, Muslims are also supposed
to abstain from negative behaviors such as lying, gossip,
petty arguments, and negative thoughts or behaviors,
including getting angry. Muslims are required to start fasting
when they reach puberty, although some younger children
may also fast. People who are sick, traveling, menstruating,
and pregnant or nursing may break their fast, but may make
up the days later in the year. The elderly and people with
disabilities are excused from fasting
2016
2
0
1
7
2017
2
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1
8
2018
Monday
June 5 at
sundown
Friday,
May 26
at
sundown
Tuesday,
May 15
at
sundown
5
4 million people go to Hajj every year
The Kaaba is the most sacred place in Islam, a
mosque in Mecca, Saudi Arabia (believed to be
made by Abraham & son)
Notes on the
Crusades
Definitions:
• Crusades- A long series of wars between
Christians and Muslims for control of the
Holy Land.
• Holy Land- The region where Jesus lived,
preached & died.
A Little Background…
Crusade – Latin – “marked with a cross”
Crusades Notes
• Pope Urban II called on all Christians to
retake the Holy Land from Muslim Turks.
• European Nobles and Knights joined
together to fight the Muslims.
Crusades Notes Continued…
• First Crusade= 1099 AD- Europeans take
Jerusalem
• 2nd Crusade= 1147 AD- It failed
• 3rd Crusade= 1189 AD- King Richard of
England fought, but lost
• 4th Crusade= 1201 AD- Unsuccessful
Why did the Crusades Fail?
• The Crusaders had to travel huge distances
just to reach the war. Many died along the
way.
Why did the Crusades Fail?
• Crusaders weren’t prepared to fight in
Palestine’s desert climate.
• The Christians were outnumbered by their wellled and organized Muslim foes.
• Christian leaders fought among themselves and
planned poorly.
• They even attacked a Christian city along the
way!
What happened because of the
Crusades?
• Trade grew between Europe and Asia.
• Crusaders brought new ideas back with
them to Europe that had been isolated for
many years.
• Kings and Nobles increased power because
of the loss of knights.
• Distrust between Christians and Muslims
started in the Medieval Era…
“Silver Lining?”
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Geographic knowledge increased through travel of Crusaders and map acquisition.
Heraldic emblems were copied from the Muslims.
Trade increased as European ports were opened in the Middle East.
Shipbuilding and navigational skills increased.
Codes for sea behavior were instituted.
University concept was introduced and strengthened based on Baghdad & Cairo
models.
Military knowledge increased
The cotton paper-making process replaced importing parchment; the amount of
writing increase.
The handkerchief was introduced to Europe.
Literature imported Sinbad the Sailor, Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves, Aladdin
Art: mosaics, stained glass windows
Music: the guitar and the violin introduced
Mathematics: Arabic numbers, decimals and spherical trigonometry, algebra, sine
and tangent
Science: physics and astronomy, the pendulum, optics and the telescopes
Herbs and spices: cinnamon, cloves, mace, nutmeg, saffron, and pepper
Food: sugar cane and syrup, lemons, apricots, plums, dates, rhubarb, almonds,
shallots, and watermelons
Dark Ages?
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JZDe9D
Cx7Wk