Transcript SLA

POSTEC Lecture
Network Management
Chapter 4 SLA and QoS
May 6-27 , 2008
Masayoshi Ejiri
Japan
1
Agenda
1.
ICT Operations and Management
- Service Industries
- ICT Services and Networks—
- Target of the Management
2, Architecture ,Function ,Information Model and Business Process
- ITU-T TMN( Telecommunications Management Network)
- TeleManagement Forum Telecommunications Operations Map ( TOM)
- Multi domain management and System Integration
- Standardization
3. OSS( Operations Support System ) Development
- Software Architecture ,Key Technologies and Product Evaluation—
4. SLA( Service Level Agreement) and QoS( Quality of Service)
- SLA Definition , reference point and policy based negotiation
5, IP/eBusiness Management
- Paradigm shift , Architecture beyond TMN and enhanced TOM
6. NGN( Next Generation Networks) Management
- NGN Networks and Services , New Paradigm of ICT Business and
Management
2
Agenda
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Service Life cycle of QoS/SLA
IP QoS and network performance
QoS , QoE and SLA
SLA and OLA Overviews
SLA Management
SLA Features
SLA Negotiation
Security
3
Service Life cycle and QoS/SLA
• ITU-T Recommendation M.3341
Requirements for QoS/SLA management over the TMN
X-interface for IP-based services
Management of QoS and associated SLAs require interaction
between many telecom operations business processes and TMN
management services as defined in ITU-T Rec. M.3200 and TMN
management function sets as defined in ITU-T Rec. M.3400.
4
M.3341 – Service life cycle (Figure 5-1/GB917)
Product/service
development
Negotiation
and sales
Implementation
Execution
Assessment
Develop templates
and parametric
boundaries
Negotiate
individual
contracts
Take line/service
orders and
provision
Monitor,
surveillance,
maintain, bill
Reassess
M.3341_F5-1
•Service product planning and development;
•Negotiation and sales of a service product;
•Implementation (configuration, provisioning and commissioning) of a service product;
•Operation and maintenance of a service product;
•Periodic assessment of the QoS of a service and whether it meets the SLA.
5
QoS/SLA management interactions
across QMS interface M.3341
SC( Service Customer) initiated:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Retrieve MPs MP : Measurement Point
Retrieve Obs Ob : Observation
Configure Ob
Assign PM data collection interval PM : Performance Management
Suspend/Resume PM data collection
Reset PM data
Assign PM history duration
Assign PM threshold (including severity)
• Request PM data (current or history)
SP( Service Provider ) initiated/provided:
•
•
•
Report MP configuration changes
Report SP suspension of PM data collection
Report PM threshold violation
QMS : QoS/SLA Management Services
6
Measurement point and observation
M.3341
The observation provides QoS measurements from the ingress to the egress
of the ISP's network regardless of the service providers or network operators involved.
ISP
TSP
SC
TSP
NO
MP-a
NO
MP-b
MP-c
NO
MP-d
MP-e
NO
MP-f
MP-g
SC
MP-h
M.3341_F3-1
Observation
MP Measurement Point
SC :Service Customer
NO :Network Operator
TSP: Telecommunications Service Provider
ISP: Internet Service Provider
7
IP QoS related Y series . Recommendations
• Y.1540
Internet protocol data communication service –
IP packet transfer and availability performance
parameters
• Y.1541
Network performance objectives for IP-based services
Note : SERIES Y: GLOBAL INFORMATION INFRASTRUCTURE,
INTERNET PROTOCOL ASPECTS AND NEXT-GENERATION
NETWORKS
Internet protocol aspects – Quality of service and network
performance
8
Rec. Y.1540 – Layered model of performance for IP service – Example
Higher layer
performance
IP packet
Layer service
performance
Y.1540
User information
(e.g., data)
User information
(e.g., data)
(HTTP)
(HTTP)
(RTP) (FTP)
(TCP)
(UDP)
IP layer
Lower layer
performance
(3 instances)
Network
components:
etc.
(RTP)
(FTP) etc.
(UDP)
(TCP)
IP layer
LL
SRC
Link
IP layer
LL
Router
Link
IP layer
LL
Router
Link
DST
Y.1540_F02
SRC : Source host
DST : Destination host
9
Services in ISO 7 layers Model
Human/Business
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Application service
Layer 7 : Application
Presentation service
Layer 6 : Presentation
Session service
Layer 5 : Session
Transport service
Layer 4 : Transport
Network service
Layer 3 : Network
Data link service
Layer 2 : Data link
Physical service
Layer 1 : Physical
10
Generic IP Service performance model :
IP Network Connectivity Y.1540
ER
C
(more NS and EL)
D
ER
ER
ER
ER
ER
B
ER
ER
A
SRC
source NS
ER
ER
ER
F
DST
G
destination NS
(more NS and EL)
ER
(more NS and EL)
E
Network Section (NS)
Exchange Link (EL)
ER
Y.1540_F04
Edge Router
11
Y.1541 – UNI-to-UNI reference path for network QoS objectives
12
End-to-End QoS
• NOTE – The phrase "End-to-End" has a
different meaning in Recommendations
concerning user QoS classes, where end-toend means, for example, from mouth to ear
in voice quality Recommendations. Within
the context of this Recommendation( Y.1541),
end-to-end is to be understood as from
UNI-to-UNI.
13
Quality evaluation MOS
ITU-T Rec P.800
Listening-quality scale
•
•
•
•
•
Excellent
Good
Fair
Poor
Bad
5
4
3
2
1
The quantity evaluated from the scores (mean listening-quality
opinion score, or simply mean opinion score) is represented by
the symbol MOS.
14
DMOS
Degradation category scale
•
•
•
•
•
5
4
3
2
1
Degradation is inaudible.
Degradation is audible but not annoying.
Degradation is slightly annoying.
Degradation is annoying.
Degradation is very annoying.
The quantity evaluated from the scores (degradation mean
opinion score) is represented by the symbol DMOS.
Note: In non voice services , audible should be perceptible.
15
NP,QoS ,QoE and SLA
•
•
•
•
•
Network performance
Quality of Service
Quality of Experience
Quality of Preference ??
Service Level Agreement
16
Definition of Quality of Experience (QoE)
Rｅｃ．Ｇ１００
The overall acceptability of an application or
service, as perceived subjectively by the
end-user.
• NOTE 1 – Quality of Experience includes the complete end-to-end
system effects (client, terminal, network, services infrastructure, etc.).
• NOTE 2 – Overall acceptability may be influenced by user
expectations and context.
17
REC.P.862 – Overview of the basic philosophy used in PESQ
original
input
Device
under test
degraded
output
SUBJECT
MODEL
Note :
SERIES P: TELEPHONE TRANSMISSION QUALITY, TELEPHONE INSTALLATIONS,
original
LOCAL LINE NETWORKS-Methods for objective and subjective assessment of qualityinput Rec. P.862
Perceptual
Internal representation
Perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ): An objective method for end-to-end
model
of original
speech quality assessment of narrow-band telephone networks and speech codecs
18
Subjective quality assessment
for voice codec Rec. P 830
ACR( Absolute Category Rating ) on Listening Quality scale
Testing procedure
• Source speech materials : recording system, speech sample, talker,
speech level/equalization
• Experiment parameter : Codec condition( speech /listening level,
talkers, errors, bit rate, transcodings, tandeming, bit rate mismatch,
environmental noise, signaling, reference condition( SNR, codecs)
• Experiment design
combination of parameters result in a single experiment minimum
set of experiments
• Listening test procedure : : Receiving system, opinion scale,
gaussian noise
• Analysis of results
19
Subjective audiovisual quality assessment
for multimedia applications Rec. P 911
Typical viewing and listening conditions
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Room size : Specify L  W  H
Viewing distance : 1-8 H
Peak luminance of the screen : 100-200 cd/m2
Ratio of luminance of inactive screen to peak luminance :
0.05
Ratio of the luminance of the screen, when displaying only
black level in a completely dark room, to that corresponding to
peak white : 0.1
Ratio of luminance of background behind picture monitor to
peak luminance of picture : 0.2
Chromaticity of background : D65
Background room illumination : 20 lux
• Background noise level : 30 dBA
• Listening level : 80 dBA
• Reverberation time : <500 ms, f > 150 Hz
20
SUBJECT
MODEL
REC.P.862 – Overview of the basic philosophy used in PESQ (2)
original
input
Perceptual
model
Internal representation
of original
Time
alignment
Difference in internal
representation determines
the audible difference
Cognitive
model
quality
T1212870-00
delay estimates di
degraded
output
Perceptual
model
Internal representation
of degraded
NOTE – A computer model of the subject, consisting of a perceptual and a cognitive model, is used to
compare the output of the device under test with the imput, using alignment information as derived from
the time signals in the time alignment module.
21
Objective perceptual video quality
measurement Rec. J.144
• Measurement method
Transmission impairments
Input/reference
video
Coder
Digital TV chain
(network, equipment)
Reference
decoder
Output/degraded
video
Objective picture
quality rating
10
Measurement
system
5
0
15
20
25
T0909730-00
Four methods are recommended by VQED( Video Quality Experts Group)
•British Telecon,
• Yonsei Univ,/SK Telecom/Radio Research
•CpqD
22
•NTIA
SERIES G: TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS AND MEDIA, DIGITAL SYSTEMS
AND NETWORKS
International telephone connections and circuits – General definitions
REC. G.107
“The E-model, a computational model for use in transmission planning
“
The E-model is based on the equipment impairment factor method, following
previous transmission rating models. It was developed by an ETSI ad hoc
group called "Voice Transmission Quality from Mouth to Ear".
REC.G.1070
Opinion model for video-telephony applications
a computational model for point-to-point interactive videophone applications
over IP networks that is useful as a QoE/QoS planning tool for assessing the
combined effects of variations in several video and speech parameters that
affect the quality of experience (QoE).
23
REC.G.107 – Reference connection of the E-model
Receive side
Send side
OLR
SLR
RLR
0 dBr point
Ds-factor
Weighted echo
path loss WEPL
Round-trip
delay Tr
Room
noise Pr
Coding/Decoding
Sidetone masking
rating STMR
Room
noise Ps
Rating factor R
•Basic signal to noise ratio
•Simultaneous impairment
•Delay impairment factor
•Equipment impairment
•Advantage factor
Dr-factor
Circuit noise Nc
referred to 0 dBr
Equipment impairment factor Ie
Packet-loss robustness factor Bpl
Packet-loss probability Ppl
Mean one-way delay T
Listener sidetone
rating LSTR
(LSTR =
STMR + Dr)
Absolute delay Ta
Quantizing distortion qdu
Expectation factor A
Talker echo
loudness rating
TELR
G.107_F01
24
Abbr.
Unit
Default
value
Permitte
d range
Send Loudness Rating
SLR
dB
+8
0 ... +18
Receive Loudness Rating
RLR
dB
+2
5 ... +14
Sidetone Masking Rating
STMR
dB
15
10 ... 20
Listener Sidetone Rating
LSTR
dB
18
13 ... 23
D-Value of Telephone, Send Side
Ds
–
3
–3 ... +3
D-Value of Telephone Receive Side
Dr
–
3
3 ... +3
Talker Echo Loudness Rating
TELR
dB
65
5 ... 65
Weighted Echo Path Loss
WEPL
dB
110
5 ... 110
Mean one-way Delay of the Echo Path
T
ms
0
0 ... 500
Round-Trip Delay in a 4-wire Loop
Tr
ms
0
0 ... 1000
Absolute Delay in echo-free
Connections
Ta
ms
0
0 ... 500
Number of Quantization Distortion
Units
qdu
–
1
1 ... 14
Equipment Impairment Factor
Ie
–
0
0 ... 40
Packet-loss Robustness Factor
Bpl
–
1
1 ... 40
Random Packet-loss Probability
Ppl
%
0
0 ... 20
BurstR
–
1
1…2
Nc
dBm0
p
70
80 ...
40
Nfor
dBmp
64
–
Room Noise at the Send Side
Ps
dB(A)
35
35 ... 85
Room Noise at the Receive Side
Pr
dB(A)
35
35 ... 85
Advantage Factor
A
–
0
0 ... 20
Parameter
E-model
Parameters
and valueｓ
Burst Ratio
Circuit Noise referred to 0 dBr-point
Noise Floor at the Receive Side
25
REC. G1070 Opinion model for video-telephony applications
Framework of multimedia communication quality assessment model
End –to-end delay
Video-related
assumption
Video quality
parameters
Common
assumption
Speech-related
assumption
Video quality
estimation
function
Coefficient
database
Speech quality
parameters
Speech quality
estimation
function
Coefficient
database
Video-alone
quality
Video quality
Multimedia
Quality
Integration
function
Multimedia
quality
Speech quality
Speech-alone
quality
End –to-end delay
26
Quality assessment factors
Video-related Assumption
Terminal type
Terminal characteristics
Monitor size
Monitor resolution
Ambient illuminance
Common assumption
Conversational task
Packet-loss pattern
Speech-related assumption
Video quality parameters
End-to-end delay
Video codec
Codec type
Video format
Key frame interval
Video display size
Bit rate
Frame rate
Packet-loss rate
Terminal factors
Loudness rating etc.
Environmental factors
Ambient noise
Network factors
Packet –loss pattern
Speech quality parameters
End-to-end delay
Speech codec
Codec type
Bit rate
Packet-loss rate
TELR(Talker echo loundness rating)
27
Assumptions about monitor characteristics
Monitor specifications
Value
Diagonal lengtha)
2-10 inches
Dot pitch
<0.30
Colour temperature
6500 K
Bit depth
8 bits/colour
Refresh rate
≥60 Hz
Brightness
100-300 cd/m2
a) "Diagonal
length" refers to the image size on
the monitor screen.
28
IP packet transfer performance parameters
REC.Y.1540
Speed ,Accuracy and Dependability
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
IPTD : IP Packet Transfer Delay
IPDV : IP packet Delay Variation
IPER : IP Packet Error Ratio
IPLR : IP Packet Loss Ratio
IPRR : IP Packet Reordering Ratio
IPSLBR : IP Packet Severe Loss Block Ratio
IPDR : IP Packet Duplicate Ratio
RIPR : Replicated IP Packet Ration
IPPT : IP Packet Throughput
29
IP service availability (REC.Y.1540)
IP Service
Unavailable
Availability
Parameters
IP Service
Available
Unavailability: IP Packet Loss Ration(IPLR) > C1
C1 = 0.75
Availability Parameters:% time ratio
Percent IP service unavailability (PIU)
Percent IP service availability (PIA)
30
Conditions for IP Performance Measurement Rec.Y1540
1)
•
•
2)
•
•
3)
•
•
•
•
4)
•
•
5)
•
•
the exact sections being measured:
SRC and DST for end-to-end measurements;
MP bounding an NSE being measured.
measurement time:
how long samples were collected;
when the measurement occurred.
exact traffic characteristics:
rate at which the SRC is offering traffic;
SRC traffic pattern;
competing traffic at the SRC and DST;
IP packet size.
type of measurement:
in-service or out-of-service;
active or passive.
summaries of the measured data:
means, worst-case, empirical quantities;
summarizing period;
–short period (e.g., one hour);
– long period (e.g., one day, one week, one month).
31
Y.1541 – Hypothetical reference path for QoS class 0
32
Table 1/Y.1541 – IP network QoS class definitions and
network performance objectives
QoS Classes
Network
performance
parameter
Nature of network
performance objective
Class 0
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
Class 4
Class 5
Unspecified
IPTD
Upper bound on the mean
IPTD (Note 1)
100 ms
400 ms
100 ms
400 ms
1s
U
IPDV
Upper bound on the
1  10–3 quantile of IPTD
minus the minimum IPTD
(Note 2)
50 ms
(Note 3)
50 ms
(Note 3)
U
U
U
U
IPLR
Upper bound on the
packet loss probability
1 × 10–3
(Note 4)
1 × 10–3
(Note 4)
1 × 10–3
1 × 10–3
1 × 10–3
U
IPER
Upper bound
1 × 10–4 (Note 5)
U
General Notes:
33
Table 3/Y.1541 – Provisional IP network QoS class definitions and
network performance objectives
QoS Classes
Network performance
parameter
Nature of network performance
objective
Class 6
Class 7
100 ms
400 ms
Upper bound on the mean IPTD
IPTD
Upper bound on the 1  10–5
quantile of IPTD minus the
minimum IPTD (Note 1)
IPDV
IPLR
50 ms
Upper bound on the packet loss
ratio
1 × 10–5
IPER
Upper bound
1 × 10–6
IPRR
Upper bound
1 × 10–6
34
QoS Control
modified Nakajima’s IM2005 panel presentation
Control
• Admission Control : managed bandwidth
• Fairness Control : minimum bandwidth
• Priority Control : reactive control, priority conflict
Outcome
• Guarantee : with proactive control e.g. pre assigned
resource, on demand reservation,
• Managed Quality : with reactive control
• Best effort : with no active control
35
SLA ??
-How to reach the practical Agreement by Negotiation ?- ,
•
•
•
•
•
Who drive SLA ?
Why SLA is needed ?
What S.L.A. is ?
When SLA is agreed ?
How to agree SLA ?
36
ITU-T Rec. E860 ( 2002)
• “A Service Level Agreement is a formal
agreement between two or more entities that
is reached after a negotiating activities with
the scope to access service characteristics,
responsibilities and priorities of every part “
37
SLA for IP Management
Public Network / Services
Fixed QoS
IP network / Services
 Negotiated CoS
Network Performance Oriented 
Internal within SP
Human Interface Oriented
 Open and Visible to Customers
<Best Effort SLA Announcement> <Guaranteed SLA Agreement>
Based on embedded
Based on Management
QoS Mechanism
Excellence and Negotiation
38
Service Level Agreement ???
• Service ?
Transport , Contents Delivery, Operation, Billing,etc.
• Level ?
Performance : QoS, CoS, Accuracy, Timeliness, etc.
Treatment : Reliability,Priority, etc.
Value : Absolute, Average in long term/in group,etc.
• Agreement ?
Negotiation, Selection of SLA Package/menu,etc.
Contract : Long term, Call by Call. Specific Call,etc.
39
Scope of Operations
Managing Plane
Service Plane
Operations
Service
OSS
Operator
Operations
Service
Planner
Customer
Operator
Service
Enterprise
Manager
Communications
Service
NE
Network
Planner
Business Management
Service
40
Rec. Y.1540 – Layered model of performance for IP service – Example
Higher layer
performance
IP packet
Layer service
performance
Y.1540
User information
(e.g., data)
User information
(e.g., data)
(HTTP)
(HTTP)
(RTP) (FTP)
(TCP)
(UDP)
IP layer
Lower layer
performance
(3 instances)
Network
components:
etc.
(RTP)
(FTP) etc.
(UDP)
(TCP)
IP layer
LL
SRC
Link
IP layer
LL
Router
Link
IP layer
LL
Router
Link
DST
Y.1540_F02
SRC : Source host
DST : Destination host
41
Services in ISO 7 layers Model
Human/Business
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Application service
Layer 7 : Application
Presentation service
Layer 6 : Presentation
Session service
Layer 5 : Session
Transport service
Layer 4 : Transport
Network service
Layer 3 : Network
Data link service
Layer 2 : Data link
Physical service
Layer 1 : Physical
42
TMF GB917 SLA Positioning within the Business Enterprise MVC
43
SLA and OLA Overviews
Customer
( eBusiness)
•Operations Services
SLA
Service
Provider
SLA
Negotiation
Content Delivery
Resource
Transport Services OLA
Transport
Resource
Operations
Resource
Operations Support
OLA
•Content Delivery Services SLA
•Transport Services SLA
OLA
Negotiation
Operations Resource
Supporters
Resource Provisioning
OLA
Communications Resource
Suppliers
Partners
44
Guaranteed /Best Effort SLA
• Service Priority ( Class of Services)
: Guaranteed by Policy based Operations
• Static/Average QoS Value
: Guaranteed by NW design/implementation
• Individual or Target Service QoS Value
: Guaranteed by successful Pre-Provisioning/Resource
Reservation
: Best Effort in General
45
SLA Management(Reference Point)
Customer
OSF
Operations Services
SLA
SLA Negotiation
Operator
Communication Services
SLA
Resource
OSF
Service Provider
Operations Support
SLA
SLA Negotiation
OSF
Resources Provisioning
SLA
Partner
46
SLA Management(Monitor/ Report)
Customer
SLA Report, Invoice
SM
CoS
Policy
Mapping
QoS Value/MTxx
NM Aggregate
NE
Resource
QoS Parameter
QoS Events
EM
Operation
QoS Parameter
SM
Partner
47
SLA Management(Control)
Customer
SO,TT,Bill
Treatment
Policy
SM
Mapping
QoS order
NM Analysis
NE
Parameter Control
QoS Control
EM
Operation
Resource
Parameter Control
SM
Partner
48
SLA and OLA Overviews
Customer
( eBusiness)
•Operations Services
SLA
Service
Provider
SLA
Negotiation
Content Delivery
Resource
Transport Services OLA
Transport
Resource
Operations
Resource
Operations Support
OLA
•Content Delivery Services SLA
•Transport Services SLA
OLA
Negotiation
Operations Resource
Supporters
Resource Provisioning
OLA
Communications Resource
Suppliers
Partners
49
SLA Features
• Services
1, Transport Services
2, Contents Delivery Services
3, Operations Services
• Features
1, Fundamental (Performance , Accuracy & Access)
2, RAS(Reliability , Availability & Survivability)
3, Security
50
Operation Services SLAs
-Customer Care Ability• Accuracy & Timeliness
Service Delivery, Report Generation, Handling of Billing, Call
pick up time, Compensation when SLA violated
• Access Capability
Availability of Contact ( Method, Opening time etc)
• RAS
Human/Organizational structure for provisioning, Fault &
Disaster, Fairness & Priority, Hot line
• Security
Mechanism for Privacy protection, Countermeasure for Security
51
Transport Services SLAs
-Transport Capability• Performance & QoS
Transmission Quality ( Bandwidth, Delay, Packet loss, Error )
--Average Value in long term and/or in group, Absolute value for
Call by Call or Specific Call—
• Access Capability
Connectivity, Call loss ratio, Call setup time
• RAS
Mean ( Max/min) times between outage, Disaster/Fault recovery
priority
• Security
Access control mechanism, Prevention mechanism for network
attack
52
Content Delivery Services SLA
- Reliability and Guarantee Capability-
Transport Services SLA plus
• Security
Prevention mechanism, countermeasure
&compensation
--for Access authorization /certification
--for Protection of Content Integrity, Confidentiality,
Authentication, Copyright
53
Classification of SLA Features
Feature Type
Performance
& Accuracy
Access
Capability
Transport Services SLA
- Bandwidth,
- Packet Loss,
- Error rate,
- Delay - throughput
- Connectivity
- Call Loss Ratio
- Call setup time
RAS
Mean time between outages
Disaster/Fault recovery mechanism
Security
Access Control Mechanism
Prevention of Network Attacks,
Eavesdropping, etc…
Operations Services SLA
Accuracy and timeliness of (1)
Service delivery, Report generation,
Etc….
Mean/Max time between call pickup
Compensation when SLA violated
Contact Method – Email, Phone, Fax,
Etc…..
Contact Availability – opening times
Access control mechanism
Hot line
Organisational structure to support
Disaster/Fault recovery
Privacy Protection mechanisms
54
SLA parameter example
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ATC ATM Transfer capability
•
BBE Background block error
•
BBER Back ground block error ratio
•
BER Bit error ratio
•
CD Cell delay
•
CDV Cell delay variation
CDVT Cell error variation telerance
CE Cell error
CER Cell error ratio
CL Cell loss
•
CLR Cell loss ratio
•
CM Cell misinsertion
•
CMR Cell misinsertion ratio
•
CTD Cell transfer delay
ECBP E2E connection blocking probability•
•
ES Errored second
•
ESR Errored second ratio
•
FTD Frame transfer delay
•
IPDV IP packet delay variation
•
IPER IP packet error ratio
•
IPLR IP packet loss ratio
IPTD IP packet transfer delay
SECB Severely errored cell block
SECBR Severely errored cell block ratio
SEP Severely errored period
SEOI Severely errored period intensity
SES Severely errored second
SESR Severely errored second ratio
MTBF Mean time between failures
MTBO Mean time between outage
MTIE Maximum time interval error
MTPS Mean time to provide service
MTRS Mean time to restore service
MTTP Mean time to provision
MTTR Mean time to repair
NER Network effectiveness ratio
SA Service availability
SAT SAP( Service access point ) activity time
SCT SAP cover time
55
56
SLA Categories for Customer Preference
Customers
Pick&Mix
SLA
Limited SLA
Define
Default
Define
Class of Service
Negotiated SLA
Proactive
Sales
Market Research
Internal
Negotiation
Operations
Resource
Marketing
Communications
Resource
57
58
59
Service Negotiation
Customer
3. Agreed Service
Resources
OSF
4. Service Report
2. Service
Provision
1. Negotiation
Service Negotiation Function
Status Report
Policy
Pricing
DB
Resource
DB
Class of
Service DB
Traffic/ QoS
DB
Operation
60
SLA Negotiation based on Policy Management
Customers
Policy Descriptor
Negotiation?
Timing
Operators
SLA
Negotiation
Features
Policy Editor
・ Static
• Price
(long term) ・ QoS / CoS
・ Bandwidth
・ Pre
Assigned
・ Delivery Time
・ Security
・ On
Demand
• MTxx
etc.
Policy
Policy Executor
Policy
Repository
OSS
Management
Policy Decision
Function
OSS
61
IT Capable Terminal
Negotiation
NegotiationAgent
Agent
(e.g
Java
applet)
(e.g Java applet)
JVM
Web Browser
etc.
Service/
Resource
Status
Catalogue
Operation
OperationWindow
Window
(e.g
XML)
(e.g XML)
Negotiation
Inquiry
Negotiation
Agent
Customer
Operation
Window
Service Provider
62
For Effective SLA
•
•
•
•
Customer can select SPs
Customer can negotiate/choose SLA
SLA should be reflected Customer Perception
SLA should be Monitored and Reported to
Customers to confirm SLA
• SPs should Compensate if SLA Violation
occurs
63
Security ?
Human/Social
Human/Social
Mechanism
•Life
•Property
•Privilege
•Privacy
•Comfort
•Nation
•Law
•Society
•Communications
•Technology
•Environment
•Disaster
•Goodwill
•Malice
•Indifference
•Credit
•Treachery
•Espionage
Nature
64
Security Management
• Management of Human /Society
Moral, Ethics, Education
Law, Regulation, Community, Privacy, Vigilant ?
• Management of Information distribution/exchange
Safe, secure ,accurate and comfortable ICT network/services
• Management of environment
Prognosis, disaster prevention, environmental preservation
65
IP/eBusiness Security Management
• Network Security
－RAS
－Privacy ( Tapping, fairness , secrecy of
communications, customer information)
－Attack ： Physical, Logical
• Information distribution security
－Integrity of contents and delivery
－Human verification, certification , justification
• eBusiness security
ーEnsure real and virtual money
－Forgery( Fake), Fraud, Robbery with/without violence,
Credibility , Confidence
ーPrivacy ( Anonymity, Private information leakage)
66
Environment
Security Objects
(Community-Culture
including regulatory
issues )
•Contents
•Applications
•Communications
•Operations
Security Mechanisms
•
•
•
•
Security Technologies
Security Modules
Security Systems
Security Infrastructure
ICT Security Management Framework
67
Security Objects
• Contents
Completeness( Integrity ), Secrecy, Certification, Copyright
• Application
Virus, Worm, Destruction, Falsify, Fishing,
• Communications
Access/admission, Routing, AAA (Authentication, Authorization ,
and Accounting), Tapping, Pretence, Espionage, IP spoof
Attack ( Intrusion ,Denial of service, Service degradation, jamming,
etc.)
• Operations
Privacy, Leakage, Risk
68
Security Domains
• Management Layers/processes
OSI 7 Layers services, TMN Logical layer, FAB ( Fulfillment,
assurance and billing ),
• Service Providers and partners
Contracted SP, Virtual SP, ASP, CSP, Management SP, Network
Operator, VMNO, Service/operation agent,
• Users
Enterprise customers Consumers End users Customer
representatives Shareholders
• Physical/Logical Facilities
Terminals, CPE/CPN, Transmission , Service node, Storage,
Data center, Call center, Address/phone number, Routing table,
Domain name server
69
Security Mechanisms/Technologies
• Security Technologies
Encryption, Cryptograph, Authentication, Firewall,
IPsec(Security Architecture for IP),
• Security Modules
SOCKS, Digital signature, Secure protocol ( e.g.IKE: Internet
Key Exchange protocol) Bio metrics, Intrusion detection/block,
Anti virus, IC card, Electronic cash
•
Security Systems and Infrastructure
PKI (Public Key Infrastructure), PKI authority, KES (Key
Escrowed System) , Certification authority, SET： Secure
Electronic Transaction, Standardization
Regulation, Legal and administration protection, Penalty
70