Transcript 04-02-2014 - Deans Community High School

First Essay 69Q5
Due: 4 p.m. THURSDAY 24th OCTOBER
- Student Registration No.
- Class Code
- Question in full
- M. Penman
Provisional Exam Slot:Thursday 12th December
9 am - 12 noon
Pathfoot C1/C2.
Great Seal of Robert I
Chancellor - Bernard de Linton, Abbot of Arbroath
St Andrews, c. 1309.
Bruce’s first Parliament, St Andrews 16-17 March 1309
- Declaration of the Clergy of Scotland - John Balliol had been imposed
as King of Scots by Edward I by force; “the faithful people always
believed without hesitation, as they had understood from their ancestors
and elders, that Robert the grandfather, was the true heir, and was to be
preferred to all others as ruler of the realm after the death of King
Alexander.” Fealty sworn to Lord Robert as King.
Parliament 16-17 March 1309, St Andrews
- Declaration of Nobility - “the inhabitants of the whole realm of
Scotland” acknowledge allegiance to Robert as King - sealed by earls of
Ross, Lennox, Sutherland, Fife, Menteith, Mar, Caithness; key magnates
like Edward Bruce, Thomas Randolph, Robert Keith, James Douglas,
Robert Boyd, Campbells and Argyll men…
- reply to letter of King of France - promising to take part in crusade
once Scotland recovered.
Restored Diplomatic relations:- French King writes to Robert seeking support for crusade 1309.
- Edward II complains about Flemish and German merchants
supplying Scots.
- 29 October 1312 - renewal of Treaty of Perth with Norwegians over
Western isles.
But…
- papacy refuses to recognise Robert as King of Scots (general council
of Church, Templar dissolution)
Parliament 16-17 March 1309, St Andrews
- Declaration of Nobility - “the inhabitants of the whole realm of
Scotland” acknowledge allegiance to Robert as King - sealed by earls of
Ross, Lennox, Sutherland, Fife, Menteith, Mar, Caithness; key magnates
like Edward Bruce, Thomas Randolph, Robert Keith, James Douglas,
Robert Boyd, Campbells and Argyll men…
- reply to letter of King of France - promising to take part in crusade
once Scotland recovered.
Scotland
Community of the Realm
substantial and responsible
subjects upholding dignity
of crown during absence of
adult king…
chosen from Earls, bishops,
prelates and barons in royal
council/parliaments…
traditional counsel of King.
But lesser member of
community could also for
crown - Wallace?
England
Community of the Realm
Baronial opposition to
Kings unpopular policies
in second half 13th C.
But by early 14th C…
came to mean Commons
in parliament - shire
knights and burgesses,
whilst baronial opposition
now ‘peers of the land’
Instances where faction claims to act for community of Realm?
1286 - Guardianships keep Comyns in and Bruces out?
1290 - Maid dead, Bruce seeking community backing?
1291-92 - Bruces accuse Comyn/Balliol of setting selves up as
Community’s Guardians [Appeal of the Seven Earls]
- Principles of community of realm compromised in reply to
Edward I’s demand of overlordship?
- Baldred Bisset (1301) spoke of Edward seeking a deal in 1291
with “one group of [Scottish] magnates belonging to a
party which had no right in the kingdom at that time.”
1297 - Wishart, Steward and Bruce speak for ‘whole community…’
1299-1300 - Comyn/Umfraville/Soules as Community exclude Bruce?
Inauguration at Scone 25/27 March 1306
St Andrews Parliament March 1309
…Bruce seeking approval/impression of community support.
October 1309 - appeal to Edward II from ‘certain people to whom
the name ‘the community of the realm of Scotland’ is given’
seeking promise he would uphold father’s promises of 1304…
…Comyns, Umfravilles [earl of Angus], Mowbrays,
Brechin, Macdougalls, MacDowalls, Abernethy, etc….