Transcript 20000304NLM_ngi_I2 (1)

U.S. Government sponsored
Next Generation Internet
Program
-- NGI --
President Clinton - October 1996
 “Connect
universities and national labs with
high-speed networks that are 100 - 1000 times
faster than today's Internet. These networks
will connect at least 100 universities and
national labs at speeds that are 100 times
faster than today's Internet, and a smaller
number of institutions at speeds that are 1,000
times faster. These networks will eventually be
able to transmit the contents of the entire
Encyclopedia Britannica in under a second.”
NGI Agencies
DARPA
NSF
DoE
NASA
NIST
NLM
Goal 1: Research
 Coordinated,
multi-agency development,
deployment, and demonstration of the
technologies necessary to permit the
effective, robust, and secure management,
provisioning, and end-to-end delivery of
differentiated service classes
 These activities cluster into three major tasks:
– Network Growth Engineering
– End-to-End Quality of Service (QoS)
– Security
Goal 2: Network Testbeds
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Create and deploy tools and algorithms for planning
and operations that guarantee predictable end-toend performance at scales and complexities of 100
to 1000 times those of the current Internet
Facilitate management of large scale inter-networks
operating at gigabit to terabit speeds supporting a
range of traffic classes on a shared infrastructure
Create a network testbed of at least 100 institutions
through which users (government and research)
share facilities, thereby accelerating the
development and penetration of novel network
applications
Goal 3: Applications
 Applications
should need NGI speed
or services, i.e., be something that
could not be done before NGI
 Applications
should have high visibility
NGI Services
Needed by Applications
 High
bandwidth
 Bandwidth
reservation
 Low latency
 Low jitter
 Nomadicity
 Real-time
 Variable priority
 Strong
Security
 Adaptable Net
Management
 Selectable Loss
Rate
 Scaleability
 Multicasting
Sample Application Areas
 Health
Care
 Environment
 Education
 General Science
 Crisis Response
 Manufacturing
 Federal Information
Services
 Collaboration
 Distributed
Computing
 Security &
Privacy
 Digital Libraries
 Remote
Operations
Potential NGI Application
Network Uses
Application Examples
Rqmts
Teleoperation
Telemedicine, Distance Learning,
Telescience
1 Gbps
Virtual Reality,
Visualization
Battlefield Awareness, Virtual
Aerospace Environment, Engineering
155 Mbps 1 Gbps
Collaboratories
Chesapeake Bay Virtual Environment,
Materials Collaboratory
155 Mbps
per link
Network Research
Intelligent Assistants, Optical Nets,
Systems of Systems
10 Gbps
Distributed Data and
Digital Libraries
Genome Database, Patient Records,
Earth and Space Science
1 Gbps
Computation
Aerodynamics, Astrophysics, Global
Change, Stockpile Stewardship
2.4 Gbps
NGI FY-1998 Funding by Goal
Goal 2: Network Testbeds
53%
Goal 1: Research
31%
Goal 3: Applications
16%
A Partnership
NGI and Internet 2:
Complementary and Interdependent
 The Next Generation Internet (NGI) initiative is a multiagency Federal research and development program
that is developing advanced networking technologies,
developing revolutionary applications that require
advanced networking, and demonstrating these
capabilities on testbeds that are 100 to 1,000 times
faster end-to-end than today’s Internet.
 Internet2 is a collaborative effort by more than 120 U.S.
universities, working with partners in industry and
government, to develop advanced Internet technologies
and applications to support the research and education
missions of higher education. Internet2 is a project of
the University Corporation for Advanced Internet
Development (UCAID).
NGI and Internet 2:
Complementary and Interdependent
 The National Science Foundation (NSF) has made more than 70
High Performance Connections awards to Internet2 universities.
These merit-based awards are for connecting to NSF’s very high
performance Backbone Network Service (vBNS). vBNS
connectivity is a key part of NSF’s NGI program.
 Internet2 universities are establishing GigaPoPs (Gigabit per
second Points of Presence) that provide regional connectivity
among universities and other organizations. Through the
GigaPoPs, universities will connect to NGI networks and other
advanced Federal networks, including the vBNS, NASA’s Research
and Education Network (NREN), DoD’s Defense Research and
Education Network (DREN), and the Department of Energy’s Energy
Sciences network (ESnet).
 Researchers at Internet2 universities are developing a wide range
of applications that require advanced networking. Many of these
applications are funded by Federal initiatives including the NGI.
Engineering Objectives
 Deploy
a production network to
support applications R&D
 Establish
 Support
quality of service (QoS)
native multicast
 Establish
gigaPoPs as effective
service points
JETnets
ESnet
(DREN)
Joint Engineering Team (JET)

A forum of NGI, Internet2 and other
federal networks/agencies mainly for
technical exchange and coordination

Focused on interconnection and peering
of JETnets in support of end-to-end
services
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Facilitates joint (inter-agency, states, I2)
efforts for special connections like Alaska
and Hawaii
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Joint meetings with Gigapop operators
JETnets NGI Funding
and Service Types
Network
Abilene
DREN
ESnet
NISN
NREN
vBNS
NGI
NGI/I2 Commodity
Program Class
Internet
Funding Service
Service
Yes
Yes
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Limited
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
NSF funds vBNS (directly and indirectly)
and Abilene (indirectly)
Advanced Services
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IP multicast: all JETnets (except NISN) have
native multicast running in production mode
using the PIM-SM, MBGP and MSDP protocols -1999 is the year native multicast became real in
the backbones (still not on many campuses)
IP QoS: Abilene, ESnet, NREN and vBNS are
active members of the QBone project (interdomain diffserv); vBNS has offered “reserved
b/w” service using RSVP/ATM
IPv6: all JETnets are part of the 6Bone project
and vBNS is testing a native IPv6 service
(separate routers)
Performance Expectation and Issues
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For OC3 or higher connected sites with 100Mbps
switched campus nets and fine tuned end
systems (and no firewall in the path) you can
expect 80 Mbps end-to-end (memory to memory)
- this is not the TYPICAL case
Most performance bottlenecks are in the end
systems: lack of path MTU discovery, TCP
implementation, multiple memory copying and
buffer management; there are also problems in
local networks (under-power routers)
NGI program first phase mostly focused on wide
area nets, now we are focusing on local nets and
end systems
Interconnect Issues

NGIX effort: NGI / Internet2 JET
– Chicago: OC-3 going to OC-12
– Ames: OC-12
– Washington: OC-12 as soon as possible

International: StarTap plus
– Emphasize StarTap as the universal
solution
– Optimize where appropriate
– Canada as an important special case
Healthcare and the Next Generation Internet
The National Library of Medicine (NLM) is funding test-bed
projects to demonstrate the use of NGI capabilities by the health
community. These capabilities include:
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Quality of Service
Security and medical data privacy
Nomadic computing
Network management
Infrastructure technology as a means for collaboration
The demonstrations are designed to improve our understanding
of the impact of NGI capabilities on the nation’s healthcare, health
education, and health research systems in such areas as cost,
quality, usability, efficacy and security.
NLM’s Extramural NGI
Applications Program
 May
–
1998 - February 2000
NRC / CSTB study
 September
–
Phase I Awards: Planning
 September
–
1999 - June 2002
Phase II Awards: Implementation
 October
–
1998 - June 1999
2002 - September 2005
Phase III Awards: Scaling
National Research Council
Computer Science
Technology Board
Enhancing the Internet for
Biomedical Applications:
Technology Requirements and
Implementation Strategies
Phase I: Planning
(FY-99)
9
month planning phase
 Awards not to exceed $100,000
 24
awards made to 18 universities
and 6 companies
Phase I: Planning (FY-99)
Lessons Learned
 Some
healthcare applications require
high bandwidth, but many do not
 Most
healthcare applications require
Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees
 Most
healthcare applications can run
more economically over the Internet if
QoS can be guaranteed
Phase I: Lessons Learned (FY-99)
Need for NGI in Radiology
 Digital
radiology of
the chest
 Mammography
 MRI study
 Echo-cardiogram
study
Utilization of a 155 mbit
line
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200 mbits
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
1,600 mbits
2,000 mbits
40,000 mbits
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10%
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Phase I: Planning (FY-99)
Lessons Learned
The
need for a medical data
privacy and intellectual property
policy is the major inhibitor of
healthcare use of a Next
Generation Internet
Phase II: Implementation (FY-00/02)
 Seeks
to define NGI capabilities
needed in:
–
–
–
–
health care
public health
health education
biomedical research
 The
creation of testbeds that will
facilitate the development of a future
NGI network
Phase II: Implementation (FY-00/02)
 Improve
understanding of the
impact of NGI capabilities on the
nation's biomedical applications
areas especially in such areas as:
 cost
– access
– quality
Phase II: Implementation (FY-00/02)
3
year implementation phase
 Awards
to 15 institutions totaling
almost $45 million
Personal Internetworked
Notary and Guardian (PING)

Provide a patient-controlled personal medical
records system available to the patient from any
Internet-connected device:
– Provide access for highly mobile postpartum mothers
at work, school and home to their infants' records
– Enable patients and families to manage a fundamentally
collaborative process of clinical documentation over
the Internet
– Ensure that all PING transactions provide the highest
available confidentiality of the patient's data, under
their control
Children's Hospital
Boston, MA
Radiation Oncology Treatment
Planning/Care Delivery Application
Develop, implement, and evaluate NGI capabilities for
radiation oncology treatment planning and care delivery.

Application will provide diagnostic support, treatment
planning, and remote verification of equipment from
Cancer Center to a remote treatment facility.
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Focus on quality of service, security, privacy, and data
integrity.
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Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory
Laurel, MD
Pathology Image Database System
Pathology image database system
accessible via the Web.
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Program can be queried about an
unknown cell. It will automatically compute
descriptors and return a diagnoses to the
user together with similar images.
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Yale School of Medicine
New Haven, CT
Remote, Real-time Simulation for Teaching
Human Anatomy and Surgery
Demonstrate remote, real-time teaching of
human anatomy and surgery.
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Deliver real-time simulation and visualization
technologies.
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Network-based architecture will allow for
multiple high-resolution stereo-graphic displays
and haptic devices.
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Stanford University School of Medicine
Stanford, CA
A Multicenter Clinical Trial
Using NGI Technology
 Test
the network infrastructure capable
of high speed transmission of high
quality MRI images for a multicenter
clinical trial of new therapies for
adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD), a fatal
neurologic genetic disorder
 Ensure
medical data privacy and
security.
Kennedy Krieger Research Institute,
Baltimore, MD
Medical Nomadic Computing
Applications for Patient Transport
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Real-time transmission of multimedia patient data
from an incident scene and during transport,
including acute ischemic stroke and trauma, to a
receiving center enabling diagnostic and treatment
opportunities prior to arrival.

Define a range of Quality of Service (QoS)
requirements for multiple critical care applications
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Derive principles of nomadic computing applicable
in other time sensitive emergency care models
 TRW, Fairfax, VA
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University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD
TELEMEDICINE from an AMBULANCE
Mobile Wireless Communications
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Wireless transmission of Audio, Video, and
Vital Sign data
Integration of existing commercial
technologies
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Ambulance Configuration
•Audio
•Video
•Patient Data
• Records
• Numerical VS
• Waveform VS
• Blood Chem
Modular, standards-based, opensystem components
Cost-sensitive approach
Hospital Configuration
Phone Lines
Data In
NT Server
Hospital
Intranet
Secure Link
External
Antennae
2 to 8
digital cellular phones
Digital Camera
TV
VCR
Video
Monitor
Video and
Communication
Computer
Microphone
Speaker-Phone
Patient
Vital Signs
Monitor
Patient
Records
Computer
Web
Server
‘Push’
Server
SQL
Database
Physician’s Desktop
“Intuitive Interface”
Browser +
Java ‘Applet’
MOBILE TELEMEDICINE SYSTEM
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Optimizes Treatment Options in the “Golden Hour”
Initiates the Patient Record in the Ambulance
Enhances the Efficiency of the ED
Improves Patient Outcomes
Intuitive Physician’s Interface
Image Quality/Compression is adjustable
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Image Size is adjustable
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Bandwidth (~5Kbps per phone line)
resulting in
Diagnostic-Quality Slow-Scan Video Images
about 4 images in 10 seconds using
320x240 24-bit images, medium JPEG
compression, and 4 phones

FOR MORE INFORMATION:
James S. Cullen Vice President
BDM International, Inc.
703-848-5230 [email protected]
Phase III: Scaling (FY-03/05)
 Successful
Phase II projects
will be implemented in more
realistic, long distance or
nationwide settings
Related web sites
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Abilene -- http://www.ucaid.edu/abilene/
ESnet -- http://www.es.net/
DREN -- http://www.hpcmo.hpc.mil/Htdocs/DREN/
NISN -- http://www.nisn.nasa.gov/
NREN -- http://www.nren.nasa.gov/
vBNS -- http://www.vbns.net/
NLANR -- http://www.nlanr.net/
CAIDA -- http://www.caida.org/
JET -- http://www.ccic.gov/jet
Qbone -- http://www.internet2.edu/qbone
NSF ANI -http://www.interact.nsf.gov/cise/descriptions.nsf/pd/ani?openDocument
More Information ...
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National Coordination Office
for Computing, Information
and Communications
– www.ccic.gov
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DOE
– www.es.net

DARPA
– www.ito.darpa.mil/
ResearchAreas.html

NSF - Connections
– www.vbns.net

NLM
Internet2 (UCAID)
– www.internet2.edu
NASA - Research and
Education Network
– www.nren.nasa.gov
Next Generation Internet
www.ngi.gov
– www.nlm.nih.gov
National Library of
Medicine
www.nlm.nih.gov