Transcript Networks and the Internet

Networks and the Internet
70-270: MCSE Guide to
Microsoft Windows XP Professional
Windows XP Network Overview
(Page 1)
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Supports local area network (LAN)
connections
Supports emerging wireless technologies
Improvement in remote access support
from previous versions
Windows XP Network Overview
(Page 2)
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Can function as:
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Client
Server (limited)
Both
Networking components can be added
and removed as necessary
Network Protocols Supported by
Windows XP
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Major protocols:
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TCP/IP
NWLink
TCP/IP
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An all-embracing suite of standardized
protocols (more than 50) that cover wide
range of capabilities
Work began in developing technology in
1969 continuing through 1970’s
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Became broadly available in 1981-1982
Most common networking protocols:
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Used by Internet for newsgroups, e-mail,
file transfer, remote printing, remote
booting, the World Wide Web, etc.
TCP/IP Advantages
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Supports networking services better than
the other Windows XP protocols
Multiple routing protocols
Good error detection and handling
Works with most kinds of computers
TCP/IP Disadvantages
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Not fast nor easy to use
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Mass of information and detail work
Configuring and managing requires:
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Fair degree of expertise
Careful planning
Constant maintenance and attention
NWLink (IPX/SPX)
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Microsoft implementation of Novell’s
Internetwork Packet Exchange/Sequenced
Packet Exchange (IPX/SPX) protocol stack
Provides backwards compatibility with
NetWare versions 4 and earlier
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TCP/IP became the default protocol in
version 5
Networking Under Windows XP
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Controlled by single multifaceted
interface that combines networking
access for:
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Local Area Network (LAN)
Internet
Modem
Configured by running the "Network
Setup Wizard"
Checking Local Area Connection
Properties
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2.
Launch “Network Connections” applet
from Control Panel
Double-click “Local Area Connection” or
other object
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3.
Or select object and then File  Status
from menu bar
Reveals Connection Status, Duration,
Speed, Packets
Click <Properties> button
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Reveals NIC, all services and protocols
Wireless Networking
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Supports IEEE 802.11 wireless standards
Also known as Wi-Fi networks
A single base station supports one or
more clients
Client must have a wireless NIC
Network Setup Wizard
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Step-by-step, walk-through tool used to
configure nondomain networks
Used for small offices and home networks
Can be executed from:
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Network Connections applet: File 
Network Setup Wizard –or –
Start menu  Programs  Accessories 
Communications
Wizard on the system to be the ICS host
first
Managing Bindings
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Binding is the order in which Windows XP
networking components are linked
Affects how the system behaves and
system performance
Accessed in "Network Connections" applet
of Control Panel by selecting Advanced 
Advanced Settings from menu bar
Advanced Settings Dialog Box—
"Adapters and Bindings" Tab
TCP/IP Architecture
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Internet Protocol (IP)
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Provides both addressing and routing
information for source and destination
systems
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Addresses are 4 bytes (32 bits) long
 Each octet between 0 and 255
Fast (although unreliable) connectionless
datagram protocol which assumes that
other protocols are available to assure
reliable delivery
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IP Addresses
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Designates network and host (any device
that is assigned an IP address)
Subnet mask blocks network element:
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An octet value of 255 is used to block the
network component of the address
A value of zero does not block
Class A
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Network ID's: 126
Host ID's: 16,777, 214
Usable network ID's: 1.x.y.z—126.a.b.c
TCP/IP Protocols
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(Page 1)
Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)
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Sends control messages including:
 Error
messages, quality of server information,
confirmations, etc.
 The “Ping” utility which can request response
from a remote host
TCP/IP Protocols
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Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)
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(Page 2)
When system begins a conversation with
host, requests a physical address which
can be associated with the logical address
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP)
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Manages a defined block of IP addresses
Assigns IP addresses dynamically to
computers upon request
TCP/IP Protocols
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(Page 3)
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
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Primary Internet transport protocol
Connection oriented, so it provides more
reliable delivery than connectionless
Uses a port number to identify which
process is to receive a particular packet
Its sequencing function ensures that
packets are reassembled in correct order
Able to acknowledge successful delivery
and request retransmission of lost or
damaged packets
TCP/IP Protocols
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(Page 4)
Protocols within:
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File Transfer Protocol (FTP)—directory
and file manipulation
Telnet—remote terminal emulation
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)—
the basis for Internet e-mail
Simple Network Management Protocol
(SNMP)—reports management data
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)—
the World Wide Web
Some TCP/IP Utilities and Services
(Page 1)
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Packet Internet Groper (PING)
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Uses ICMP protocol to see if a designated
host is reachable on the network
Can permit you to see if your own machine
is attached properly
At command line type:
 ping
machineName
 ping IP_address
 ping 127.0.0.1 (to view your own machine)
Some TCP/IP Utilities and Services
(Page 2)
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IPCONFIG
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Displays the IP address, subnet mask and
default gateway for all network interfaces
on local machine
At command line type: ipconfig [/all]
NETSTAT
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Lists
TCP/IP Configuration
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(Page 1)
Configuration is performed through the
“Network Connections” tool
By default seeks out Dynamic Host
Configuration Protocol (DHCP) server
provides an IP address upon request
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Server assigns IP addresses on demand
TCP/IP Configuration
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(Page 2)
Alternately each machine may be assigned
a specific IP address manually:
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Unique IP address for each machine
Subnet mask for the network to which the
machine belongs
A gateway address—the node (router) on
network that serves as an access point to
another network
 In
homes, the gateway is the ISP
 In enterprises, the gateway routes traffic
from workstation to outside network
TCP/IP Configuration
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(Page 3)
Alternately each machine may be assigned
a specific IP address manually (con.)
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Address of one or more domain name
system (DNS) servers
 Stores
and associates information with
domain names providing a worldwide
keyword-based redirection service
 Translates domain names (computer
hostnames) to IP addresses
 Lists mail exchange servers accepting e-mail
for each domain
Windows XP Remote Tools
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Remote Assistance
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Allows a distant user to view your desktop
Have control over the mouse and keyboard
activities
Remote Desktop
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Enables you to access your client’s logon
environment from a remote system
Remote Assistance
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Designed to simplify task of training users
Requires an e-mail invitation for another
machine to take over the invitee
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Invitation expires
Both machines must be XP
Windows Messenger or MAPI-compliant email utility required
Uses Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
Remote Desktop
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Similar to a single client version of
Terminal Services
Workers access work machine from home
Enabled through a component of Internet
Information Services (IIS)
Network Setup Wizard
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Step-by-step, walk-through tool used to
configure nondomain networks
Used for small offices and home networks
Can be opened from the network tasks list
Wizard on the system to be the ICS host
first
Network Connections Window
Network Connection Wizard
Installing Remote Access Hardware
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Hardware must be installed before remote
connection established
Windows XP inspects hardware and
attempts to identify any new devices
Windows XP attempts to locate and install
drivers for new device
Phone and Modem Applet
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Primary Control Panel applet for managing
remote access devices and operations
Used to control:
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Dialing rules
Configure remote access devices
Configure telephony driver properties
Connecting to the Internet
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Connect to the Internet Wizard:
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Choose from a list of Internet service
providers (ISPs)
Set up my connection manually
Use the CD that I got from an ISP
Connection Status Dialog Box
Internet Connection Sharing
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Used to share single network connection
with small group of networked computers
Enabled on Advanced tab of connection
object’s Properties dialog box
Incorporates:
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Network Address Translation (NAT)
function
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
(DHCP) address allocator
Domain Name System (DNS) proxy
Internet Connection Firewall
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Security measure for protecting network
connections from unwanted traffic
Can set restrictions on traffic in and out
of network to an external network or the
Internet
Much-needed feature for systems that
employ shared broadband connections
Stateful firewall
Blocks most incoming traffic by default
Connecting to the Network
at My Workplace
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Virtual Private Networking (VPN)
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Trend in mobile computing
Employs Internet as long-distance carrier
to enable distant, secure LAN connections
Windows XP VPN:
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Encrypts all traffic
Setup with New Connection Wizard
Setting Up an Advanced
Connection
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Used to:
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Establish direct connection between two
systems
 Transfer
large amount of data with no
network connection
 Use serial or parallel cable
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Configure system to answer inbound dialup calls
 Can
act as remote access server for single
incoming connection
 Only for special-purpose applications
Alternate IP Configuration
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Available whenever networking connection
object uses DHCP
Preconfigure an alternate default IP
configuration if DHCP fails
Found on second tab in "Internet Protocol
(TCP/IP) Properties" dialog window for a
Network Connection
Remote Access Security
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Built on Windows XP local and network
security
Dial-up connection objects
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Authentication and encryption security
options
VPN
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Used to secure remote access
Certificates
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Provide proof of identity for network and
Internet communications
Allow systems to trust unknown online
parties for the purposes of:
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(Page 1)
Exchanging information
Exchanging Data
Performing e-commerce
Product of cryptographic mechanism
known as public key infrastructure (PKI)
Certificates
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(Page 2)
Certificate Authority (CA):
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Responsible for:
 Creating
 Issuing
 Managing
 Revoking
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certificates
Can be server computer system within
organization’s network or service offered by
independent third-party organization
Certificates
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(Page 3)
Found by clicking the <Certificates>
button on "Content" tab of the Internet
Options applet
Internet Options Applet
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(Page 1)
Used to define settings for MS Internet
Explorer and general Internet access
General tab to:
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Set the default home page
Managing temporary Internet files
Managing the URL history
Modifying default fonts, colors, language
and accessibility options
Internet Options Applet
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(Page 2)
Security tab to set security levels:
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The four Web zones are:
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Internet (not in any other zone)
Local intranet (on your organization's intranet)
Trusted sites (will not harm your computer)
Restricted sites (may harm your computer)
The <Custom Level…> options are quite
complex with multiple individual settings
The <Default Level> uses a slider to set
security for each zone to low, medium-low,
medium or high
Internet Options Applet
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(Page 3)
Privacy tab to set security levels:
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Sets the level personal information is or is
not shared when communicating with other
web sites
Settings relate to how cookies are handled
 Either
totally blocked or allowed
 Or accepted on some limited basis
Internet Options Applet
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(Page 4)
Content tab to configure:
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Content Advisor—site blocker based on
levels of content
Certificates—identify trusted sites
AutoComplete—lists possible matches
from entries the user has keyed previously
into the Address bar
My Profile…--your online identity
Internet Options Applet
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Connections tab to:
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(Page 5)
Manage your "Network Connections"
Programs tab to set the default
applications for:
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HTML editing
E-mail
Newsgroups
Internet calling
Calendar
Contact list
Internet Options Applet
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(Page 6)
Advanced tab to set features such as:
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Accessibility
Browsing functions
Multimedia behaviors
Printing background colors and images
Searching behaviors on the Address bar
Security settings
Windows XP and the Internet
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Tools to help access the Internet:
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Internet Explorer
Outlook Express
FTP client
Telnet client
Internet Information Server (IIS)
Internet Explorer
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Version 6.0 is included with XP
State-of-the-art Web browser
Tightly integrated with other Windows
applications
Wide range of security related
configuration options
Can be used as FTP client
Outlook Express
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Popular e-mail client utility
Part of Microsoft Office
Outlook Express included in Windows XP
Used to read and write e-mail
Used to file and sort messages
Contact management tool
FTP Client
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Command-line implementation of FTP
client included in Windows XP
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Used for uploading and downloading files
to and from remote servers
Directory services on the server (copy,
rename, delete, etc.) also available
Numerous freeware and shareware GUI
implementations:
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More user-friendly
I.e. WS_FTP
Telnet Client
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Simple tool provided in Windows XP
Attempts to establish Telnet session with
remote system based on domain name or
IP address (terminal emulation)
Internet Information Server
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Reduced functionality version of Internet
Information Server (IIS) included with
Windows XP
Allows system to host Web and FTP
services
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Not designed or intended for public
Web/FTP site hosting
Can be used for testing server-based
dynamic Web applications
Limited to 10 simultaneous connections
Order Prints Online
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Feature of the My Pictures folder
Starts the Online Print Ordering Wizard
Requires that Internet access be available
Client Vs. Server-based Remote
Access
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Select a Windows server (or another
server-based system such as Unix or other
server) for serious Internet hosting
Windows XP client is limited as follows:
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Limited to a single incoming dial-up
connection
Can support only 10 simultaneous network
connections
Can share an Internet link with a workgroup
Remote Access Troubleshooting
(Page 1)
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Problems can be fairly elusive; check:
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Physical connections (phone lines, serial
cables, etc.)
Power to external devices
Properly installed and updated drivers
Properly configured settings
Correct authentication credentials
Similar encryption or security requirements
Proper protocol requirements and settings
Remote Access Troubleshooting
(Page 2)
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Log files:
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File containing all communications made
between OS and modem device during
connection establishment
 Found
on Diagnostics tab in Properties
window of the "Modem" tab for the Phone
and Modem Options applet
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PPP.LOG
System log
 Found
in "Event Viewer" dialog of the
Administrative Tools applet
Case Projects 7-1 & 8-1 (No. 1),
pp. 364 & 419