Transcript Ch 12 Connectivity - Cisco Networking Academy

Connectivity
Ch 12
1
Overview
The basic concepts of networking
and the terminology used in
networking will be introduced.
Ch 12
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Overview
Will learn how to create
network connections to share
resources.
Ch 12
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Overview
Will look at command line
utilities to gather information
about your network and
perform other networkrelated tasks.
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Overview
How to map a drive on a
network will be discussed
and then a drive will be
mapped.
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Overview
Will be introduced to the basic
protocols of the Internet.
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Overview
How Command Line Utilities
can be used to troubleshoot
and diagnosis problems will
be discussed.
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Overview
Will learn how to connect to
and navigate the Internet.
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Networks (LANs and WANs)
LAN (local area network):
Network of computers located
in one room or building
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Networks (LANs and WANs)
Networks have:
Servers - provide shared resources
to network users
Clients - access shared network
resources
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Networks (LANs and WANs)
Two types of networks:
 Server-based (> 10 users)
 Peer-to-peer (< 10 users)
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Networks (LANs and WANs)
Advantages to setting up network:
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Share hardware
All users can access current files
Can update information as needed
Set up local e-mail
Laptops can be attached and detached
If away from office can dial in to network to
access needed resources
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Networks (LANs and WANs)
WAN (wide area network):
Network of computers
connected over long distances
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Networks (LANs and WANs)
All networks need a NIC
(network interface card) installed
into each computer.
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Networks (LANs and WANs)
Cabled network - card must support type
of cable used to connect computers
 Wireless network - each computer has
wireless network card
Allows computers to communicate by
radio waves, infrared , power wires in
walls, or by phone.
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Networks (LANs and WANs)
Need to decide appropriate
network design (topology).
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Networks (LANs and WANs)
Popular topologies for peer-to-peer
network:
 Bus topology
 Star topology
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Networks (LANs and WANs)
Bus - common topology for workgroup:
 Uses single coaxial cable (Thinnet)
 Need T-connectors and terminator
plugs
 All computers connect to a single
cable
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Networks
(
LANs and WANs)
Fig 12.1 A Peer-to-Peer Network with Bus Topology p. 635
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Networks (LANs and WANs)
Bus topology:
 Advantages
Ease of installation
Relatively inexpensive
Easy to expand
 Disadvantage
One segment of cable fails - entire
network down
 Becoming less common
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Networks
(
LANs and WANs)
Fig 12.2 A Peer-to-Peer Network with Star Topology p. 636
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Networks (LANs and WANs)
Star topology:
Uses a hub
Advantage
 Single point of failure
 Disadvantages
 More expensive
 Wiring can be unwieldy
Wireless network - no need to run wires
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Networks (LANs and WANs)
Fig 12.3 A Wireless and Wired Network p. 637
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Networks (LANs and WANs)
Either topology can use any resource
by connecting it to cable or hub.
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Networks (LANs and WANs)
Most users prefer a hub:
Instead of hub can use:
Switch
Router
Firewall may be selected
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Networks (LANs and WANs)
Server-based networks need NOS
(network operating system) that
tell computers how to
communicate with one another.
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Networks (LANs and WANs)
To work, a network needs:
 Hardware
 Software
 Network Administrator
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Networks (LANs and WANs)
Network administrator:
 Decides how hardware and software used
 Decides who will have access to what
devices and resources on network
 Manages day-to-day operation of hardware,
network operating system, and resources of
network
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Looking at Your Network
When Windows XP Professional is
installed, it will detect network card
and installs default components.
Can add network later using New
Connection Wizard or Network Setup
Wizard
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Looking at Your Network
When setting up peer-to-peer network:
Need to name computer
Provide administrator password
Most important password in Windows
XP Professional
 Each user needs log on name and
password
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Looking at Your Network
My Network Places
is map to network.
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Looking at Your Network
Activities that follow are based
on specific computer configuration.
Do not attempt to do activities in
a lab environment unless instructed
by your instructor
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Activity - Looking at Your
Network
KEY CONCEPTS:
Local Area Connection Properties sheet
General, Authentication and Advanced tabs
What various icons represent
Terms:
Client, Service, Protocol
Firewall, Gateway, ICF, ICS, Browser
Computer and workgroup names
Universal naming convention
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Sharing Printers
on a Network
Two parts to sharing resources:
 Server - computer with resources
you wish to share
 Client - computer that wishes to
access resources
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Sharing Printers
on a Network
 On large network one computer
is the print server.
 On small network the print
server is any computer that is
connected to a printer.
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Sharing Printers
on a Network
Fig 12.4 Printer Sharing on a Network p. 645
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Sharing Printers
on a Network
If a printer is attached to a
computer, you could use the
printer “locally”.
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Activity—Sharing
Printers
on
the
Network
Fig 12.5 The Connect to Printer Dialog Box p. 652
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Activity—Sharing
Printers on a Network
KEY CONCEPTS:
Can run different OS for each computer
on network
Must use same name across network
Icons
Identifying network and shared printer icons
Two printer icons (“Hung Off” and “Local”)
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Activity—Sharing
Printers on a Network
KEY CONCEPTS:
Choose Local printer if printer on hub
Network path always begins with
double backslash
 Format - \\computer name\share
name
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Sharing Hard Drive and
a Folder on a Network
File server:
Computer with drive that is shared
Large network - often one computer
designated at file server
Small network - usually no dedicated
file server
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Sharing Hard Drive and
a Folder on a Network
Can share entire drive
or selected folders.
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Permissions and Rights
In lab environment local computer
part of domain:
Administered by network administrator
Includes access control
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Permissions and Rights
Using NTFS:
Can set permissions on
files/folders
Users can be assigned to groups
When object created owner
assigned to it
Objects inherit permissions
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Permissions and Rights
Using FAT32:
 Can provide some security on
folders when shared on network
 Cannot assign permissions on a
file-by-file basis as you can with
NTFS
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Activity—Sharing
Drives on a Network
KEY CONCEPTS:
 Flashlight icon - Windows looking for a network
connection
 Ramifications of “Simple File Sharing”
 Administrator share
 Authenticated Users
 Naming shared device
 How to identify computer you are on
 Deny permissions takes precedence over allow
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Using Net Commands
See list of net commands
by keying in net help at
command line.
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Using Net Commands
Figure 12.6 List of NET Commands p. 668
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Using Net Commands
For detailed help on a
command use syntax net
help command
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Using Net Commands
Figure 12.7 Using Help with the Net Command p. 668
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Using Net Commands
 For brief help use net command /?
 Three net commands answer questions
regarding network setup needed when
seeking Tech support.
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Activity - Gathering Information
with NET Command on Domain
KEY CONCEPTS:
Gathered information about workstation
No limit to # of users that can be logged onto network
Function of “Net localgroup”
Messaging name
Commands - NET NAME, NET USER, NET VIEW,
NET ACCOUNTS, NET STATISTICS
 Reason for having hard copy of above information
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Activity - Gathering Information
with NET Command on Domain
Figure 12.9 Windows 2000 Server
Using the NET USER p. 672
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Activity - Gathering Information
with NET Command on Domain
Figure 12.10 Windows 2000 Domain Server
Using the NET STATISTICS SERVER p. 675
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Mapping Drives and the
NET USE command
Mapped drive:
Shared network drive or folder
that has been assigned a local
drive letter
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Mapping Drives and the
NET USE command
Mapped drive/folder:
 Appears as a drive on client
computer
 Can be accessed (My Computer)
using assigned/mapped letter.
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Mapping Drives and the
NET USE command
NET USE:
Command line utility used to map drives,
gives info and allows shares to be manipulated
Connects/disconnects computer to shared
resource
Used to set up network printer to act as a
“local” printer
Drive alias assigned with NETUSE may or
may not be “persistent”
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Activity—Using the
NET USE Command
KEY CONCEPTS:
 Drive alias assigned with NET USE may/may not
be “persistent”
Know before issuing NET USE connection
 Place drive mapping commands into batch file and
place shortcuts to batch files on Desktop
 PAUSE holds batch file for user intervention
 Use drive letter mappings to shared devices in
many ways
Make backups of critical data “on the fly”
Graphic with two CD’s
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Activity—Using the
NET USE Command
Fig 12.11 Use of Persistent on a Domain Server p. 679
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Activity—Using the
NET USE Command
Fig 12.12 Net Use on a Domain p. 685
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Activity—Using the
NET USE Command
Fig 12.13 Using NET USE on a Domain p. 685
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Mapping Drives Using Windows
Explorer and My Computer
Can also use GUI to map drives:
 Right-click My Computer/or My Network
Places from Start menu and choose Map
Network Drive
 If available - right click icons
 Use Tools menu
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Activity - Mapping Drives with
Windows Explorer and My
Computer
KEY CONCEPTS:
 Can identify network drive by icon
 Access mapped network drive as any
drive on system
 Sharing drive - sharing all folders on
drive
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The Internet
Internet:
 Worldwide network of computers
 Part of information superhighway
 Referred to as cyberspace
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The Internet
Internet is used to connect to various public
and private institutions in order to:
 Communicate with other computer users
 Gather information
 Do research
 To learn
 Purchase/sell goods
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The Internet
 Internet - actual network used to
transport information.
 Web -
Collection of standards and protocols used
to access information on the Internet.
Interconnected collection of millions of
Web sites
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The Internet
Web uses three standards:
 URL’s - location of document
 HTML - programming language used
to create documents
 HTTP - protocol used to transfer data
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The Internet
To retrieve a document, URL needs:
 Protocol to be used
 Server address with which to connect
 Path to the information
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The Internet
URL syntax:
protocol://server name/path
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The Internet
HTTP is major protocol used to
transfer information within the
World Wide Web.
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The Internet
Web site:
Resides on a server
Has an address (URL)
Virtual/physical location of Web
page (person/org)
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The Internet
Web page:
 Single screen of text and/or
graphics
 Usually has hypertext links to
other pages
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The Internet
“Dot” part of address denotes type of
web site:
 .com
 .edu
 .gov
 .mil
 .org
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The Internet
Search engine:
Category of sites developed to find
needed information
Helps you find what you want
 Index to indexes
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The Internet
Search engines:
 http://www.yahoo.com
 http://www.altavista.com
 http://www.guide.infoseek.com
 http://www.lycos.com
 http://www.askjeeves.com
 http://www.webcrawler.com
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The Internet
 Portal - entry to Web
 Yahoo! and Excite are positioning
themselves as portals
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The Internet
Connect to the Internet via:
 Online provider
 ISP (Internet service providers)
 Also called IAP (Internet access providers)
 Direct cable connection
 ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network)
 DSL
 Satellites
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An Overview of TCP/IP
Data is transferred over
the Internet through
TCP/IP protocols.
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An Overview of TCP/IP
Data travels through several networks
until it gets to its destination
Each network has a router
 Data sent in packets
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An Overview of TCP/IP
TCP and IP protocols specify the
rules used for creating,
addressing, and sending the
packets of data.
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An Overview of TCP/IP
 TCP:
 Divides data into packets
 Numbers each packet so they can be
reassembled at receiving end.
 IP:
 Specifies addresses of sending/receiving
computers
 Sends packets on their way
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An Overview of TCP/IP
Data divided into packets.
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An Overview of TCP/IP
Connecting to the Internet:
 Permanent open connection
 PPP (Point to Point Protocol)
 SSLIP (Serial Line Internet Protocol)
 Cable modem or DSL connection
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An Overview of TCP/IP
Each computer connected to the
Internet needs:
 TCP/IP protocols installed
 Unique IP address
Can be static or dynamic.
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An Overview of TCP/IP
IP address made up of
four numbers separated
by periods.
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An Overview of TCP/IP
Fig 12.14 A Dotted Quad Address p. 696
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An Overview of TCP/IP
Originally, IP address divided into:
 Class A, Class B, or Class C
Now, two additional classes:
 Class D or Class E
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An Overview of TCP/IP
To not run out of IP addresses:
Do not assign permanent (static)
address
Assign temporary (dynamic) IP
address for work session
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An Overview of TCP/IP
Each site attached to Internet belongs
to a domain.
Domain Name System (DNS) -
provides name resolution.
Numeric IP address needed to communicate
across Internet.
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An Overview of TCP/IP
Use browser to access a site
on Internet, key in its URL.
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An Overview of TCP/IP
Fig 12.14 A Dotted Quad Address p. 696
Internet name of the
computer (server)
Name of the protocol to use
when accessing the server
Name of the item to
request from the server
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TCP/IP Utilities—Command
Line Interface with the Internet
Windows provides a series of
commands (utility programs)
that run at the command line.
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TCP/IP Utilities—Command
Line Interface with the Internet
Utility programs are TCP/IP commands:
 Set of tools used for troubleshooting
problems
 Offer connections to computers not
connected to web
 If in lab environment and going through a
“firewall” some of utilities may not function
 Installed when TCP/IP network protocols
installed
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TCP/IP Utilities—Command Line
Interface with the Internet
Table 12.1 Command Line Commands for the Internet
pp.. 698-699
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TCP/IP Utilities—Command
Line Interface with the Internet
For help with any of the commands,
at the command line key in:
Command name, a space, and then /?
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IPCONFIG
IPCONFIG:
 Displays current TCP/IP
configurations in one place
 Allows the request of a release or
renewal of a DHCP-assigned IP
address
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IPCONFIG
 Assigned address with dial-up
service.
 Need address if trying to Telnet into
restricted server.
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Activity—Using IPCONFIG
KEY CONCEPTS:
 See all information on Internet adapter that
has TCP/IP bound to it
 If not connected/logged on - no IP address
reported
 Adding /ALL parameter - obtain more
information about network and internet
connections
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PING
PING (Packet InterNet Groper):
 Diagnostic tool used to determine if
computer you are trying to reach is up
and running.
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PING
 If ping successful - see four replies
on screen display.
 If ping not successful - see “Request
timed out” message.
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PING
 Can ping yourself using loopback
address (127.0.0.1).
 Pings are not always reliable.
 Some servers do not allow
themselves to be “pinged”.
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Activity—Using PING
KEY CONCEPTS:
 “Pinged” IP address and host name
 “Pinged” yourself using loopback
address (127.0.0.1)
Loopback address is IP address of your
computer
 Large organizations usually have a
number of servers
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TRACERT
TRACERT:
 Diagnostic utility that determines and
traces route on which data is moving
to destination computer.
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TRACERT
 TRACERT determines data route by
sending packets containing time values.
 When command is completed sends
back five-column display.
 An asterisk (*) means attempt timed out.
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TRACERT
Tracert uses pings:
 If server does not allow pinging
- may not be able to trace a route
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Activity—Using TRACERT
KEY CONCEPTS:
 Right most column indicates what
computers packets are traveling on
 Not always easy to know where route
actually goes
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FTP
FTP (File Transfer Protocol):
 Communications protocol that
computer uses to transfer files
 FTP servers store files that Internet
users can download
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FTP
Advantage of FTP:
 Ability to transfer files to and from
computers running different
operating systems
 Can transfer files in either text or
binary mode
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FTP
FTP has many commands:
 To get help within FTP, key in “HELP
command”
 For list of commands, key in HELP
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Activity—Using FTP
KEY CONCEPTS:
 Some servers allow anonymous logins
 Password - any word can be used
 For command syntax - key in “HELP” plus
command name
 ASCII files have extensions of .txt
 Directories have a dr on far left.
 Compressed files have .ZIP extensions
 Need utility (PKZIP) to unpack file
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Activity—Using FTP
KEY CONCEPTS:
 Command Line Interface borrows from Unix
 Key in: “get filename” - transfer file to default directory
 Key in: “get filename” - (file name followed by hyphen) acts like TYPE command
 To transfer binary file (.EXE) key in:
 binary
 get file.exe
 ASCII
 Key in ASCII to return to text-file mode
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Telnet
Telnet is connection to a remote
computer:
 You become user on remote computer,
and
 Your monitor becomes monitor for
remote computer.
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Telnet
1.
2.
3.
4.
Example
You key in 3 + 4
Your computer transmits keystrokes to
remote computer.
Remote computer receives keystrokes
and does the work.
Your monitor becomes monitor for
remote computer and results of work
displayed on your computer.
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Telnet
Technically, Telnet is protocol
and terminal handler portion
of the TCP/IP protocol suite.
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Telnet
To use Telnet:
 Both computers must support
Telnet protocol
 Incoming user must have
permission to use remote computer
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Telnet
Telnet used:
 By system administrator (or other
professional) to log on to your
computer and troubleshoot problems
on your computer
 Most commonly, for connecting to
libraries and other public databases
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Activity—Using Telnet
KEY CONCEPTS:
 For list of commands in Telnet
environment, key in ?/help
 Became a user on a remote computer
 Used Telnet to connect to Library
catalog
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