Transcript ppt - apnic
Resource Management Report APNIC CEOs’ Meeting 30 Aug 2004 APNIC 18, Nadi, Fiji Overview • • • • Challenges of IP address management Regional resource statistics Trends and analysis APNIC member services IP allocation pre-1992 RFC 1261 1991 RFC 1020 1987 RFC 790 1981 “The assignment of numbers is also handled by Jon. If you are developing a protocol or application that will require the use of a link, socket, port, protocol, or network number please contact Jon to receive a number assignment.” Early address management • Early 1990’s: Internet scaling problems – Address depletion • Classful architecture (class A, B, C) – Routing table overload APNIC 4% ARIN 7% mid-’90s LACNIC 1% RIPE NCC 5% 9000 •8000Internet widely projected to fail 7000 6000 – Growth would stop by Registry – Central Urgent measures required 37.2% •50001993: “CIDR” 4000 3000 2000 1000 – Addressed both technical problems: – Address depletion • More accurate assignment – Routing table overload Data 0% • Public Address space aggregation IANA Reserved 39.5% Private Use 0% 0 Multicast Jul-88 Jan-89 Jul-89 Jan-90 6% Jul-90 Jan-91 Jul-91 Jan-92 Jul-92 RFC 1517 RFC 1518 RFC 1519 Address management today “Emerging” RIR Address management objectives Conservation Aggregation • • • • Efficient use of resources Based on demonstrated need Limit routing table growth Support provider-based routing Registration • • Ensure uniqueness Facilitate trouble shooting Uniqueness, fairness and consistency Address management challenges today • Technology changes – New services: GPRS, VoIP and wireless devices – Increasing demand for IP addresses • IPv4 address pool getting smaller • Scalability – Routing table growth as number of networks increase • Aggregation still important • Security – Registration becoming more important • Spam and abuse emails increasing • Hijacking of Internet resources • Privacy laws Policy changes in response • Improving fairness – Minimum allocation reduced /19 to /20 in 2000 and /20 to /21 in 2004 • New policies and terminologies – “Portable” and “non portable” • Requiring end user to renumber – “Assignment” and “allocation” • Catering for different types of organisation – IXP, critical infrastructure, IPv6 • Registration changes – Database privacy • Assignment objects hidden by default: public by choice Challenges facing LIR • Keeping knowledge to date is vital – APNIC policies can affect LIR business – All LIRs required to follow policies • Education and training important – Attend APNIC training • Send appropriate staff – Attend APNIC meeting/follow webcasts • Apply for fellowship, where applicable – Subscribe to relevant mailing lists • http://www.apnic.net/community/lists/ – Keep in contact with APNIC • Phone and email available Benefits to LIRs • Quicker to obtain resources – Understand and apply policies • Participate in policy development – Provide feedback – New policies affect your business ($$) • Provide better services for customers – Knowledgeable staff – Resources well managed – Follow ‘best current practices’ in Internet ‘Best Current Practices’ Frequently Asked Questions about Policies FAQ : customer assignments • Should I distribute IP addresses to my downstream ISPs and customers? – By assigning your customers IP addresses… • • • • You are building long-term relationships You are providing a more complete solution You are reducing the risk of losing your customers You are being a good Internet citizen – IP address distribution is part of your responsibility as an LIR – This is considered best current practice across the world – Can always obtain more IP addresses from APNIC FAQ: Network Addresses Translation (NAT) • Should NAT be used to conserve IP addresses? – APNIC does NOT require any one to use NAT • NAT implementation is entirely up to user • Can private network using NAT be used as justification to apply for public address? – Yes! APNIC will approve the equivalent amount of global address space The NAT “Problem” The Internet ISP 61.100.0.0/16 61.100.32.0/25 61.100.32.128 R 61.100.32.1 ..2 NAT* ..3 ..4 10.0.0.1 ..2 ..3 ..4 *AKA home router, ICS, firewall FAQ: unused internet resources • Can I sell/buy IP addresses or AS numbers? – No, this goes against the goals of responsible management • Internet resource is a public resource – Unused resource should return to RIR for future distribution • APNIC recovery of unused internet resource – Currently recovering closed members address space – Will recover historical unused address space in December • http://www.apnic.net/docs/policy/proposals/prop-017-v001.html – Can transfer historical resource to apnic member • http://www.apnic.net/docs/policy/historical-transfer-policy.html FAQ: others • • • • Routing and aggregation Static addressing Cable/DSL addressing IPv6 Total APNIC IPv4 allocations (/8s) by year 2.5 1.98 2 1.5 1.72 Up to July 2004 1.78 1.48 1.25 1 0.5 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Total APNIC IPv4 allocations by sub-region Oceania 4% South-Central 2% Others < 1% South-East 4% East 90% APNIC IPv4 allocations by economy KR 17% TW 6% AU 3% NZ 1% HK 3% CN 30% Other 8% ID 1% Other 2% SG 1% TH 1% IN 1% MY 1% JP 33% APNIC IPv6 allocations by year 50 Up to July 2004 45 45 40 37 37 2003 2004 35 30 26 25 20 15 15 10 7 5 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 APNIC IPv6 allocations by economy HK 3 PG 1 MY 5 TH IN PH 5 4 2 ID 5 SG 5 AU 7 NZ 1 VN 1 JP 70 CN 12 TW 16 KR 30 AS number assignments by year 700 600 584 565 500 500 403 400 300 Up to July 2004 200 137 100 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 APNIC AS number assignments by economies AU 18% HK CN 7% 5% TW 5% NZ 4% ID 4% TH 3% MY 1% AP 1% PK 1% PH 3% Other 15% JP 19% SG 3% KR 20% Other 3% IN 3% Recovered IPv4 address space (/24) 2500 2195 number of /24 2000 1500 Up to July 2004 1000 837 500 0 2003 2004 Year How long will IPv4 last? • Few attempts in the past to predict future trends and consumption rates – All arrived at different conclusions • Many factors influence utilisation – Economic wealth – Technological developments – Government regulation – Approved policies of RIR communities How long will IPv4 last? arin 22 lacnic 2 ripencc 16 ietf 36 assigned 40 apnic 13 unused 77 various 50 How long will IPv4 last? 2.5 2 1.5 apnic arin lacnic ripencc 1 0.5 0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 How long will IPv4 last? • Analysis by Geoff Huston – Projections based on current and past utilisation rates • IETF definition of IPv4, IANA, RIR and BGP announcement – Exponential growth model • Address space projected to last until 2018 • or 2022 if all unannounced space recovered – Linear growth model • Address space projected to last until 2023 (or 2042) http://bgp.potaroo.net/ipv4 What about IPv6? • RIRs support the deployment of IPv6 – Transition will take time • Necessary to start now • IPv4 was slow to start, but grew exponentially over the last 10 years – Don’t get left behind! • Be future ready! • Responsible management essential to keep the Internet running Can my organization qualify for IPv6? • Summary of current criteria – Have a plan for making 200 /48 to organisations within two years – Can use existing IPv4 network as justification • Example: an ISP with IPv4 network – Customers requirement • 120 dial up ports • 20 leased line customers • 50 ADSL customers – Infrastructure • 3 POPs – Qualify for /32 allocation APNIC services - Internet resources • Hostmaster response time – 1 working day for all request types • Average time required to obtain resources – Initial IP request: 2-3 weeks • Including membership process – Additional IP request: 1-2 weeks • Process quicker if member uses “MyAPNIC” • Large requests can take longer – IPv6 request: within 1 week • Large requests can take longer – Others: IXP, small multi-homing, critical infrastructure within 1 week – Autonomous System Number:1-2 days APNIC services – Internet resources • Helpdesk – Operating hours: 9:00-19:00 AEST • Phone: +61-7-3858-3188 • Fax: +61-7-3858-3199 • Email: [email protected] – Additional language spoken: Chinese (cantonese & mandarind), Tagalog, Hindi and Vietnamese – Starting IP phone service in 2005 • Problems that need face to face discussion – Meet hostmasters at training sessions – Meet hostmasters at meetings • Register hostmaster consultation (HMC) session – http://www.apnic.net/meetings/18/programme/hmc.html • Meet hostmaster at helpdesk APNIC membership services • “MyAPNIC” – – – – – – – Web interface software Allows secure access to member information Easy to update ‘whois’ Database Easy to manage assignment information Easy to manage reverse DNS Easier to manage address space Speed up requests for resources • Need more information? – See demo at the helpdesk during meeting or check the online demo – http://www.apnic.net/myapnic-demo/flash/ Summary • Challenges continue – Keeping knowledge up to date is vital • APNIC is here to help your organisation – Please make use of the services available! Vinaka vaka levu • Questions?