Transcript information society

INFORMATION SOCIETY
E-SOCIETY
4/8/2016
M. Gams
[email protected]
Strategic vs. operational knowledge
Older
Younger
Till 75 10-20 neurons less% /exercise
End of PC’s?
Start of Google?
•definition: knowledge, information, data
Data are symbols representing information
(sometimes facts).
Information is data in context – making data useful.
Knowledge is understanding of information.
Knowledge is what humans know (in the brains).
“Imagination is more important than knowledge.”
(different types of knowledge;
+ processing/thinking mechanism)
•definition: information society
Information Society is a term for a society in
which the creation, distribution, and
manipulation of information has become the
most significant economic and cultural
activity. An Information Society may be
contrasted with societies in which the economic
underpinning is primarily Industrial or Agrarian.
The machine tools of the Information Society
are computers and telecommunications, rather
than lathes or ploughs.
•definition: information society
Progress in information technologies and
communication is changing the way we live:
how we work and do business, how we educate
our children, study and do research, train
ourselves, and how we are entertained. The
information society is not only affecting the way
people interact but it is also requiring the
traditional organisational structures to be
more flexible, more participatory and more
decentralised. (Chair's conclusions from the G7 Ministerial Conference on the Information
Society, February 1995.)
•definition: information society (IBM)
Information Society: A society characterised by
a high level of information intensity in the
everyday life of most citizens, in most
organisations and workplaces; by the use of
common or compatible technology for a wide
range of personal, social, educational and
business activities, and by the ability to
transmit, receive and exchange digital data
rapidly between places irrespective of distance.
definition: information society
(Answers.com, Wikipedia)
An information society is one which the creation,
distribution and manipulation of information is
becoming a significant economic and cultural activity.
The knowledge economy is its economic counterpart
whereby wealth is created through the economic
exploitation of knowledge.
The information society is a new kind of society.
Specific to this kind of society is the central position
information technology has for production and
economy. Information society is seen as successor to
industrial society. Closely related concepts are postindustrial society (Daniel Bell), post-fordism, postmodern society, knowledge society, Telematic Society,
Information Revolution, and informational society
(Manuel Castells).
New world of information society!
Integration of the three worlds.
Collapse of time, space.
•definition: information society
More than 50% of GDP related to
information/knowledge.
More than 50% of employees active in the
information economy (immaterial labour).
Economy based on transition from material
goods to information/knowledge (primary and
secondary sector, e.g. OECD 1981, 1986).
IS started 1970-1980? Constantly growing!
Slovenian growth
Finland
Sw eden
Denmark
Netherlands
United Kingdom
Austria
Belgium
Luxembourg
EU15
Germany
Ireland
Slovenia is
now 2-3 in
egov services
in Europe
Estonia
Slovenia
France
Hungary
Czech R.
Italy
Spain
Portugal
Latvia
Greece
Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Bulgaria
Romania
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
S-distance (in years): - time lead, + time lag
3
4
5
6
Information Society
IT GROWTH (ups and downs, but overall high growth:
"Study: Net Fueling Global Job Boom" E-Commerce
Times (08/29/00); Enos, Lori
Jobs created by the Internet economy in the United States
and six
European countries will exceed 10 million by 2002,
concludes a new study, "Internet Enabled Job Creation and
the Digital Revolution," from Andersen Consulting. The
study reports that the Internet will be the cause of 3 million
jobs in Spain, Italy, France, Germany, Ireland, and the
United Kingdom, and 5.8 million jobs in the United States
by 2002. Internet-related industries will create an additional
2 million jobs.
Economy
"Greenspan Upbeat on Technology"
E1; Berry, John M.
Washington Post (08/26/00) P.
Federal Reserve Chairman Alan Greenspan, cited technology as the
main reason for the continued growth of productivity in the United
States. Greenspan said, "The most recent wave of technology has
engendered a pronounced rise in American rates of return on high-tech
investments, which has led to a stepped-up pace of capital [spending]
and increased productivity growth." He also noted that technology has
improved trade and the integration of the world's economies. … 6
percent for the 12-month period ended this June. This growth continues
to amaze economists, who did not expect to see such prolonged growth
without an accompanying rise in inflation.
(2005) Tech industry observers report an increase in hiring, although
automation, outsourcing, and offshoring appear to be undermining
demand for U.S. tech employees.
Needs for IT Workers
Needed IT workers in Western Europe in millions
1,8
1,6
1,4
1,2
1
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
0
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
USA Visas for IT Workers
Table 1: USA visas
1990
1998
2000
66,000
115,000
200,000
Possibilities
Activities
Possibilitie
Actually done
Time
An example of information service
•"Google Joins Effort to Put Millions of Books Online"
NorthJersey.com (01/18/05); Kladko, Brian
•Initiatives to digitize books and make them accessible online for
public consumption have generally kept a low profile, but Google
has significantly boosted awareness with the recent
announcement of its Google Print project, which aims to convert
millions of printed works to electronic form. However, lesserhyped nonprofit efforts such as Carnegie Mellon University's
Universal Library and Project Gutenberg are designed to keep the
digitized material unrestricted. "Our objective is to ultimately take
the works of man...digitize it and make it free to everybody,"
declares Carnegie Mellon computer science professor Michael
Shamos.
•Digital books are “more” information service than reading
physical books
E-business
B2B E-Business (in mrld $)
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1998
1999
Ostanek sveta
2000
2001
Azija/Pacifik
2002
Evropa
2003
2004
Severna Amerika
Information growth
Inform ation explosion
Strezniki
PC diski
DVD
Fotografije
CD
Periodika
Knjige
Casopisi
-20
0
20
40
rast v %
60
80
100
BASIC I.S. LAWS
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Moore’s law (exponential growth of chip capabilities)
Metcalf’s law: value(network) = square(no. of nodes) or
n*logn (size of network is very important; internet)
Sidgemor’s law (exponential growth of net traffic, of
transmission capabilities)
Andreesen Lewis Fleming... net capitalism = frictionless
economy, information economy, Internet economy, new
economy (global, liberal, without rectrictions, regulations)
Moore’s Law
Transistors
MIPS
Micro
2000
100M
Pentium
Processor
10M
1M
80486
80386
80286
100K
10K
1K
8086
8080
4040
1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
500
25
1,0
0,1
0,01
Saturation – When?
ZAKONI INFORMACIJSKE DRUŽBE
mMetcalfe's Law - value of a network is proportional to the square of the number of nodes
Moore's Law
Metcalfe's Law - value of a network is proportional to the square of the
number of nodes – social networks - Internet
Sidgemore's Law - traffic doubles every three months
Andreesen's Law - cost of bandwidth is dropping
Disk capacity (+electronic basic properties) also grows exponential
Lewis/Flemig's Law - friction-free economy, booming,
self-regulating (Greenspan)
Gilder’s Law (The Law of Telecoms) - Total telecommunications system
capacity (b/s) triples every three years
Put on the Internet all your information and activities FB:mail
The cyber-world doubles fortune (real or fictive?? – current crises)
Side effect of information society is information overload
Information society demands intensive information knowledge for
successful leadership
Information society belongs to all of us
The Internet is the most democratic and free media in the world
The Internet and information society are our hope for the future
Background - Information Society
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new breed/generation?
new technology, old
thinking or vice versa
(Web 2)?
nothing new last year?
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predicting the future
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Basics - safety
Info <> material
 1 page of bits? Which is easier
to burn?
 Routers approach trillions of
bits per second – one world
 Internet is safe because of its
nature – protocol, distributed,
not physical
 Attacks on networks
Malware and malicious code
Denial-of-service attacks
Viruses, worms
 Attacks on users
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Cyber stalking
Fraud and identity theft
Phishing scams
Information warfare
 Specific Crimes
spam, fraud, obscene,
offensive, harassment,
pornography, drugs …
 Most non-just-physical
criminal activities in the
real world are also on
the Internet, but much
less often! (no. of
policemen)
Trends of progress
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Information society:
quick changes,
from local to global,
non-determined world
“one big village”
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Infosphere:
- handling information
- evolution of the Internet,
society and culture (SF
prediction?)
Which info to handle?
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Mass media – daily papers,
weekly journals … (paper)
Scientific/popular journals
 Examples of mass
Books, manuals …
------------- paper --------------deceptions:
TV, teletext, interactive TV, Tivo
- politicians
Computer (Intranet, Extranet,
Irak
Internet, local connections)
- economic
-------------- electronic --------loans/banks
Human comm. / interaction
through networks - groups
Predicting the future
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1876:
telephones are
useless
In 1950: by
2000 superintelligent
computer
(much faster
HW)
1950: the whole
world needs 10
computers
In 1960: by 1980
home robots
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1977: there will be no home
computers
Average human will live to 100 y.
50-years old predictions – ICT far
the best predicted
New services
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Intelligent home
Int. housekeeping
Int. car
services ...
business
TV-computer digital
Media/speech/
understanding
Skype : IP phone
Youtube, Facebook,
Linkedin
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Elderly
Google new functions
Internet guides localglobal
Kindle
Education – MIT
Encyclopedia, Wikipedia
Virtual reality
Intelligent robots
Web2, 3 / semantic Web
Another Saturation Soon?
Computer Generations
Generation no.
Generation name Major occupation
I.
Machine-level
Hardware
II.
Programming
Writing programs
III.
Tools
Data, text
manipulation
IV.
Information
society
Information
services, Internet
Human Generations
Generation no.
Generation name
Main object
I.
Agrarian
Food
II.
Industrial
Production
III.
Post-industrial
Services
IV.
Information s.
Information
IS Impact on Humans (Lewis)
Generation
name
Duration
Comm. Speed
Agrarian
3000-5000 years
3-5 km/h human
Industrial
300-500
30-50 horse, car
Post-industrial
30-50
300-500 airplane
Information
30?
3000-5000
network
Human Saturation
Info clock << biological clock
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Terminal velocity
Conflict between biological and information clock
Humans can’t cope with information overflow
Solution:
WE NEED
INTELLIGENT
ASSISTANTS
Computer Generations
Generation no.
Generation name
Status
I.
Machine-level
Slave
II.
Programming
Slave
III.
Tools
Slave
IV.
Information
society
Assistant
Discussion
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Information society – a great
opportunity for IT educated
technological, human, social
Intelligent assistants - SW
generation with some degree of
freedom when executing tasks
True intelligent revolution
decades away
We need information society to
progress – and not to lag behind
Personally – a great decision!