Transcript Optical network - CERNET`s experience and prospective

Optical network
CERNET's experience and prospective
Xing Li , Congxiao Bao
2004-02
1
Outline

CERNET Introduction

CERNET Operation Experience

Link Bandwidth and IP address Estimation

Next Generation Plan

Conclusion
2
Introduction

China Education and Research Network
(CERNET) is the first and largest academic
Internet backbone in China.

The CERNET project was started in 1994.
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CERNET Statistics (1)







8 national Pops are connected via 2.5Gbps DWDM links
30 provincial Pops are connected via multiple 155Mbps
SDH links
38 GigaPops distributed in 36 cities, covering all the
provinces in Mainland China.
300 campus networks connect to their nearest Pops via
100Mbps-1Gbps links.
1,200 education and research institutions connected and
provide Internet connectivity
12 million users
320 million students/school kids
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CERNET Statistics (2)
1400
300
1200
250
1000
200
800
150
600
100
400
50
200
0
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
0
2003
1995
1996
1997
1998
Member
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Hosts
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1995 1996
1997 1998 1999 2000
Users
2001 2002 2003
5
CERNET Statistics (3)
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CERNET Topology
哈尔滨
乌鲁木齐
长春
沈阳
呼和浩特 北京
唐山
银川
兰州
西宁
天津
石家庄
太原
大连
济南
烟台
青岛
郑州
西安
徐州
汉中
南京
成都
无锡
重庆
拉萨
武汉
宜昌
黄梅
九江
长沙
南昌
贵阳
主干网
地区网
GigaPop
Pop
昆明
上海
合肥
杭州
福州
台北
桂林
柳州
广州 汕头厦门
百色
南宁
湛江
惠州
深圳
珠海
深圳
徐闻
海口
三亚
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CERNET Performance Matrix
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CERNET Link History

1995
– 64K leased lines link to 8 regional network centers

1996
– 512K leased lines link to 8 regional network centers
– 9.6K X.25 or 64K leased line to 28 provincial centers

1997
– 3.7M point-to-point satellite link to 8 regional network centers
– 64K point-to-point satellite link to 12 remote provincial centers

1999
– 155M SDH link to 8 regional network centers
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CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (1)

CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project was completed in 2001.

This project using more than 20,000KM dark fiber to build CERNET's
own transport network.

It is a network with 40 Gbps (16 x 2.5 Gbps) capacity and provides
2.5Gbps Internet connectivity to 8 GigaPops and multiple 155Mbps
Internet connectivity to 16 cities.

CERNET has Pops in 36 cities covering all the provincial capitals and
some big cities.

There were about more than 1000 universities connected.
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CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (2)
北
京
太
原
沈
阳
天
津
石家
庄
哈尔
滨
大
连
济
南
青岛
郑
州
重庆
成
都
武
汉
长
沙
南
京
上
海
合
肥
南
昌
杭
州
桂林
昆
明
南
宁
厦门
广
州
福
州
深圳
海口
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CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (3)
长春 49 哈尔滨
I
沈阳
大连
13
14
21
西安
19
兰州
15
太原
20
48
北京
5
银川
西宁
9
46
呼和浩特16
乌鲁木齐22
47
D
7
天津
石家庄
11
青岛
17
济南
18
1
38
39
4
郑州
成都
23
25
拉萨
合肥 37
武汉
40
41
3
杭州
南昌
重庆
42 44
8
长沙
贵阳
2
37
24
桂林
昆明
南京
36
34
6
26
D
上海
10
31
福州
35
45
27
南宁 28
广州
29
海口
32
厦门
30
D
深圳
12
Current Architecture (4)
Router Cisco
Router Cisco
155M
2.5G
SDH 16x155M Lucent
2.5G
DWDM 16x2.5G Lucent
Dark Fiber
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CERNET High-Speed Backbone Project (5)
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Typical Site Configuration Example
1c
ADM16/1
(Ring2)
1c
To Beijing
To Hefei
OLS80G
6x155M(e)
+4x155M(e)
9c
OLS80G
9c
2c
2x155Me)
(Ring3)
2c
(Ring1)
ADM16/1
3c
3c
ADM16/1
To Chengdu
To Guangzhou
ADM16/1
OLS80G
4x155M(e)
4x155M(e)
3x155M(e)
5x155M(e)
OLS80G
3c
9c
2.5G To Beijing
2.5G To Nanjing
2.5G To Guangzhou
2.5G To Chengdu
1c
9c
2c
4c
4c
ADM16/1
3c
1c
To University
OLS80G
OLS80G
3c
9c
2c
9x155M(o)
+5x155M(o)
+4x155M(o)
Timing
TSG3800
PRR-10 GSP
48VPower
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Bandwidth Comparison
10000000
100000
1000
CERNET
US
10
0.1
Dec-02
Dec-00
Dec-98
Dec-96
Dec-94
0.001
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CERNET Operation Experience

Bandwidth is never enough

Protection can be done in layer 3

Unified network management system is desirable

Flow control and security is essential
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Bandwidth is never enough

But after 3 to 12 months, the links were congested again and the users were
shouting for a higher bandwidth. It seems that the optical network is the only
solution.
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Protection can be done in layer 3
沈阳
银川
西宁
乌鲁木齐
太原
呼和浩特
长春
哈尔滨
北京
天津
大连
济南
石家庄
兰州
西安
郑州
重庆
成都
昆明
贵阳
拉萨
武汉
青岛
南京
合肥
南昌
上海
杭州
长沙
南宁
广州
厦门
福州
深圳
桂林
海口
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Unified network management system is desirable
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Flow Control and Security is Essential
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Link Bandwidth and IP Address Estimation

University Connectivity Demand

School connectivity Demand

Economical Considerations
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University Connectivity Demand

16 Million students enrolled in 2003 universities and institutes located
in more than 260 cities in Mainland China in year 2002.

The average number of enrollment per university/institute is about
8,000 students.

If 1 Mbps connectivity is required per student, an average sized
campus network will need about 8 Gbps of aggregated bandwidth.

When 80 vs. 20 rule applied, the CERNET backbone should provide 4
Tbps aggregated bandwidth reaching more than 260 cities.

For one IP address per student assignment, 1 /8 space is needed.
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School connectivity Demand

The student population in Mainland China is about 300 Million in
2002. There are about 1.2Million schools.

If 0.5 Mbps connectivity is required per head with 80 vs. 20 rule
applied, the CERNET backbone should provide 30 Tbps aggregated
bandwidth.

For one IP address per head assignment, 19 /8 spaces are needed.
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Economical Considerations

The calculated bandwidth should be provided with affordable price,
which should be able cover
– the link to the global Internet
– the port to other Internet backbone in China
– the construction and operation CERNET backbone
– the metropolitan networks and the campus networks

What can be collected
– University student 30 RMB/month
– School kids 3 RMB/month
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Next Generation Plan

CERNET optical infrastructure upgrade plan

CNGI and CERNET2 plan

Next Generation Network Exchange Point
DragonTap

IPv6 Service

Multicast Service

Advanced Applications
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CERNET optical infrastructure upgrade plan (1)

5 Gbps to 5 cities, 2.5Gbps to 20 cities
重点学科
信息服务体系
数字图书馆
大型仪器设备
及
共享
中美图书百万册
其他各种
教育信息化
应用
教育科研网格
ChinaGrid
CERNET IDS
CERNET IP Backbone
CERNET Transport
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CERNET optical infrastructure upgrade plan (2)
银川
西宁
乌鲁木齐
沈阳
太原
呼和浩特
长春
哈尔滨
北京
天津
济南
大连
兰州
石家庄
西安
青岛
合肥
郑州
南京
昆明
贵阳
拉萨
上海
武汉
成都
重庆
南昌
杭州
长沙
广州
厦门
福州
南宁
深圳
桂林
海口
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CNGI Backbones
Global IPv6
6IX
GigaPoP
主干网1
主干网2
GigaPoP GigaPoP
MAN
CPN
GigaPoP
GigaPoP
主干网n
GigaPoP
MAN
MAN
CPN
CPN
GigaPoP
CPN
CPN
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CERNET2 plan

10 Gbps to 5 cities, 2.5Gbps to 20 cities
用户接入网
用户接入网
沈阳
北京
用户接入网
长春
哈尔滨
天津
用户接入网
用户接入网
用户接入网
济南
大连
用户接入网
用户接入网
用户接入网
兰州
西安
郑州
成都
用户接入网
重庆
用户接入网
武汉
用户接入网
合肥
南京
用户接入网
用户接入网
上海
用户接入网
杭州
长沙
用户接入网
用户接入网
10G
2.5G
广州
厦门
用户接入网
用户接入网
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Next Generation Network Exchange Point
DragonTap
GEANT
（EU）
Abilene
（US）
STARTAP
2M/
45M
45M
155Ms
DRAGONTAP
10Mbps/
APAN
（AP）
45M/155M/
622M/2.5G
CERNET
NSFCNET
CSTNET
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Advanced Applications
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Conclusions

China is a developing country, the education modernization is the key
for its future development.

Providing Internet connectivity to all the universities and schools is
one of the major step in the modernization process.

CERNET architecture board is planning to upgrade the national
backbone, the metropolitan networks and the campus networks again
for higher performance and better manageability for affordable cost.

The scalability of providing Internet services to all the educational
population in Mainland China is the key of success.
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