Transcript Information - Computing Science

CMPT 371
Data Communications and
Networking
Fall 2015
Outline
 Course information
 What is network?
 A brief introduction to the Internet: past
and present
 Summary
2
Course Information
 Instructor:
 Jiangchuan (JC) Liu
 Professor, Computing Science
 E-mail: [email protected]
Office: TASC9005
 Office Hours: Wed 10:00-11:00am
- extra office hours will be available before Midterms and Final

E-mail is the best way to communicate with me

I normally reply within one day
 TA
 Yifei (Stephen) Zhu
[email protected]
3
Course Information
 Time & Venue
 Wed 11:30-12:20 SSC9500
 Fri 10:30-12:20 SWH10041
 Webpage
 www.cs.sfu.ca/~jcliu/cmpt371
4
Course Information
 Textbook
 Computer Networking: A Top-Down
Approach, 6/e by Kurose and Ross
 Reference books
 Computer Networks,
5/e by Andrew Tanenbaum
 Data and Computer communications,
7th edition , William Stallings
 And more (see Web)
 Resource
 Home page
• www.cs.sfu.ca/~jcliu/cmpt371
5
Course Information
 Textbook
 Computer Networking: A Top-Down
Approach, 6/e by Kurose and Ross
 Why use this book ?
 New content – this is a fast-changing
area
 But more important, new structure and
target
Top-down
Featuring the Internet
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What Are the Goals Of This Course?
 Understand how network (in particular,
Internet) works
Its applications
 Its design philosophy
 Its protocols and mechanisms
You know not only how to use a network, but know
what’s behind it

 Have fun!
 Are you happy with no Internet access in your life ?
 You probably can’t even make a phone call without
the Internet !
7
What Will We Cover? (Tentative schedule)
 Introduction (3 lectures)
 Internet architecture and design philosophy
 Applications (4 lectures)
 HTTP/WWW, Email, DNS
 transport services (4 lectures)
 reliability; congestion control; transport
protocols: TCP/UDP
 network services (5 lectures)
 routing; network protocols: IP/IPv6
 link and physical layers (4 lectures)
 multiple access; Ethernet, hubs and switches
 Wireless LAN (802.11b,g,n), GSM/CDMA (3G)
8
What Do You Need To Do?
 Your prerequisites
 algorithms: e.g. shortest path algorithms
 basic programming: C/C++ or Java
• But our focus is not on network programming

basic concepts of operating systems
 Your workload
 reading for every lecture
 homework assignments
• 3 written assignments
• 2 programming projects (group based)

two in class mid-term exam, and one final exam
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Grading (tentative)
Written Homework x3
3%+ 4%+ 3%
Project x 2
5%+5%
Mid-term exam x 2
20+20%
Final exam
40%
 Class participation
 More important is what you learn than the grades
10
Grading (tentative)
Written Homework x3
3%+ 4%+ 3%
Project x 2
5%+5%
Mid-term exam x 2
20+20%
Final exam
40%
 How to fail ?
 If you don’t do any homework/project, then you’ll fail
 If you don’t do some of the homework/project work, and
your midterm/final is very poor, you may fail
 Plagiarism

Otherwise, you’re pretty safe (unless your grades are
exceptionally low)
11
Questions?
Outline
 Course information
 What is network?
 A brief introduction to the Internet: past
and present
 Summary
13
Q: What is Network?
 Telephone network
 Dialup
 Local area network (e.g., home network)
 Internet
 Mobile phone
…
Nodes -- Interconnected
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Motivation: Communication
 Need some common interface to
communicate  network protocol
 A->B: Hi
 B->A: Hi
 A->B: What time is it ?
 B->A: 1:00pm
 What if no protocol…
 Woi kx ioa nio ?
 #@!>? …
…
15
An Example: Simple Mail
Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
 Scenario
 Email client: Outlook, TheBat, NetscapeMail …
 Email server: in Unix, Windows …
 Messages from a client to a mail server
 HELO
 MAIL FROM: <email address>
mail
 RCPT TO: <email address>
server
 DATA
<This is the text (mail body) end
with a line with a single .>
 QUIT
SMTP
 Messages from a mail server to a client
 status code
– 1xx - Informative message
mail
– 2xx - Command ok
server
– 3xx - Command ok so far, send the rest of it.
– 4xx - Command was correct, but couldn't be
performed for some reason.
– 5xx - Command unimplemented, or incorrect, or a
serious program error occurred.

mail body
user
agent
outgoing
message queue
user mailbox
user
agent
SMTP
SMTP
POP3,
IMAP
SMTP
user
agent
mail
server
user
agent
user
agent
user
agent
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Why Internet ?
 The most successful network
 Open
 Heterogeneous
• Interconnects different networks

Simple network, complex end-terminals
• Computer based
• End-to-end argument
 How about other networks?
 Telephone
 Mobile phone
 Wireless LAN
 Cable TV
 IP convergence…
17
Outline
 Course information
 What is network ?
 A brief introduction to the Internet
 past
 present
 Summary
18
A Brief History of the Internet
 1957


USSR launches Sputnik, US formed Advanced Research Projects
Agency (ARPA) as a response
1968

Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN) was awarded Packet Switch
contract to build Interface Message Processors (IMPs) for
ARPANET
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A Brief History of the Internet
 1969

ARPANET commissioned: 4 nodes, 50kbps
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Initial Expansion of the ARPANET
Dec. 1969
July 1970
Apr. 1972
March 1971
Sep. 1972
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Multiple Networks
 1974: Initial design of TCP to connect multiple
networks
 1986: NSF builds NSFNET as backbone, links 6
supercomputer centers, 56 kbps; this allows an
explosion of connections, especially from
universities
 1987: 10,000 hosts
 1989: 100,000 hosts
WELCOME by Leonard Kleinrock …
22
Web and Commercialization of the Internet
 1991: NSF lifts restrictions on the commercial use
of the Net; World Wide Web released
 1992: 1 million hosts
 Today: backbones run at 10Gbps, 100s millions
computers in 150 countries

an estimated quarter of Earth's population uses the services of
the Internet
 Internet history and Timeline

http://www.zakon.org/robert/internet/timeline/
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Growth of the Internet
in Terms of Number of Hosts (early time)
Number of Hosts on the 1,000,000,000
Internet:
100,000,000
Aug. 1981
213
10,000,000
Oct. 1984
1,024
1,000,000
Dec. 1987
28,174
100,000
10,000
Oct. 1990
313,000
1,000
Jul. 1993
1,776,000
100
Jul. 1996 19,540,000
10
Jul. 2000 93,047,000
1
Jul. 2002 162,128,493
1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002
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Growth of Internet Hosts *
Sept. 1969 - Sept. 2002
250,000,000
Sept. 1, 2002
No. of Hosts
200,000,000
150,000,000
100,000,000
Dot-Com Bust Begins
50,000,000
9/
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Time Period
Chart by William F. Slater, III
The Internet was not known as "The Internet" until January 1984, at which time
there were 1000 hosts that were all converted over to using TCP/IP.
Copyright 2002, William F. Slater, III, Chicago, IL, USA
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No. of Hosts
Growth of Internet Hosts *
Sept. 1969 - Sept. 2002
250,000,000
200,000,000
150,000,000
100,000,000
50,000,000
0
Time Period
Internet Physical Infrastructure
Local/Regional
ISP
 Residential
Access



Modem
DSL
Cable modem
 Campus
network access



Ethernet
FDDI
Wireless
 Access to ISP,
Backbone
transmission


Local/Regional
ISP
Backbone:
National ISP
 Internet Service
T1/T3, OC-3, OC-12
ATM, SONET, WDM
Providers


Local/Regional/Natio
nal
They exchange
packets at Point of
Presence (POP)
28
Local Access: ADSL
 Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL)
 Telephone company’s solution to “last mile problem”
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Local Access: Cable Modems



Fiber node: 500 - 1K homes
Distribution hub: 20K - 40 K homes
Regional headend: 200 K - 400 K homes
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AT&T
Telus
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ATT Global Backbone IP Network
From http://www.business.att.com
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Web and Commercialization of the Internet
http://research.lumeta.com/ches/map/
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Internet Pioneers
Vannevar Bush
Claude Shannon
Paul Baran
(APARNet)
(Information theory)
(Packet switching)
Leonard Kleinrock
Ted Nelson
Lawrence Roberts
(Pakcet switching)
(Hypertext)
(APARNet)
Vinton Cerf
Robert Kahn
Tim Berners-Lee
(TCP/IP)
(TCP/IP)
(WWW)
Mark Andreesen
(Mosaic/Netscape)
Microsoft, Google, BitTorrent, YouTube …
34
Killer applications - Email
35
Killer applications - FTP
36
Killer applications – WWW 1990-
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Killer applications- what’s next ?
38
Killer applications – P2P 2000-
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Killer applications- what’s next ?
 Web2.0/Media streaming (Internet TV)
 YouTube, Pandora, Netflix, Hulu
 E-commerce
 Ebay, Amazon, Craigslist, Groupon
 Online game
 PS3, XBOX 360, Wii
 App
 …
 Social networking (2004-)
 Facebook, Twitter, Google +…
 WhatsApp, Line
40
Killer applications- what’s next ?
 Cloud computing/Data center (2006-)
 Microsoft, Google, Amazon …



Total cost of building a large data center: $100 to $200 million
Total cost of powering data center servers: about 0.6% of total electrical use within US
•
•
1.2% with additional costs of cooling and other usage
14% annual growth in electrical use
•
power consumption is on track to double by 2011 to more than 100 billion kWh, for a total energy bill of $7.4 billion annually.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) report:
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Killer applications- what’s next ?
 Green Internet
 Smart power grid
43
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Killer applications- what’s next ?
 Mobile Internet
 iPhone/Android/Windows 8
 End of PC ?
 Location based services, LBS
 Pervasive/ubiquitous
 Anywhere, any time, any person, any device
 1G/2G/3G/4G/5G …
45
Killer applications- what’s next ?
 Wireless sensor networking
46
Killer applications- what’s next ?
 Machine to Human
 Machine to Machine (M2M)
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Killer applications- what’s next ?
 Cyber Physical System (CPS)/Internet of Things (物联网)
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Killer applications- what’s next ?
49
Killer applications- what’s next ?
Crowdsourcing
Killer applications- what’s next ?
Twitch TV (2011 -)
•
start from Justin.tv
•
thousands of live channels, particularly live gaming, from users of PCs, PS3/Xbox …
•
44+ million visitors per month, and
•
4th largest source of US Internet traffic
Twitch Plays Pokémon (Feb 2014)
•
a crowdsourced attempt to play Pokémon Red
•
system translating chat commands into game controls
•
6.5+ million total views (5 days)
•
70K+ online viewers, 10%+ participating
Technologies/Applications change fast, but
The fundamental design philosophy of data
communication networks, in particular, the Internet,
has no significant change, nor will change in the near
future
- dramatic change in the application/user level
- slow change in the network access level
- little change in the network core level (except for bandwidth
increase)
- difficulty in change ?
- should not change ?
- are we studying old stuff ?
No. It’s the state-of-the-art and the (at least, near) future
What’s the “real” old stuff ?
52
Software Defined Networking?
53
Summary
 Course information
 Network: nodes -> interconnected
 Protocol: format and the order of messages
exchanged, as well as the actions taken
 Internet: The past:



started as ARPANET: late 1960s
initial link bandwidth: 50 kbps
number of hosts: 4
 Internet: Current:
 number of hosts: grows at an exponential speed
 backbone speed: 10 – 1000 Gbps
54
Course Information
 Textbook
 Computer Networking: A Top-Down
Approach, 6/e by Kurose and Ross
 Reference books
 Computer Networks,
4/e by Andrew Tanenbaum
 Data and Computer communications,
7th edition , William Stallings, Prentice
Hall, 2003
 And more (see Web)
 Resource
 Home page
• www.cs.sfu.ca/~jcliu/cmpt371
55