KNOM Tutorial 2001
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Transcript KNOM Tutorial 2001
MPLS Traffic Engineering &
Management Issues
Taesang Choi
2001. 12. 7.
Internet Architecture Team
Electronics Telecommunications Research Institute
KNOM Tutorial 2001
Topics
▣
▣
▣
▣
MPLS-TE Basics
MPLS-TE Operational Issues
MPLS Management Issues
MPLS-TE Management Solutions
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MPLS-TE Basics
KNOM Tutorial 2001
What is Traffic Engineering?
▣ The task of mapping traffic flows onto an existing
physical topology to facilitate efficient and reliable
network operations
▣ Check mpls & tewg working group documents for more
well-versed definitions
◈ Requirements for Traffic Engineering Over MPLS (RFC 2702)
◈ A Framework for Internet Traffic Engineering (draft-ietf-tewgframework-05.txt)
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Legacy Internet TE Efforts
▣ IGP Metric-Based TE
◈ Remember “fish problem?”
◈ Drawbacks
“Blame Shifting”: only serves to move problem around
Lacks granularity
Instability
▣ Overlay Network Approach
◈ ATM core ringed by routers & overlaid PVCs on top of it
◈ Drawbacks
Full mesh overhead
Not well integrated
Cell Tax
ATM SAR speed
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MPLS-TE Advantages
▣ The physical path of the “traffic-engineered path” is not
limited to what the IGP would choose as the shortest
path to reach the destination
▣ Variously divisible traffic aggregation and disaggregation
▣ Maneuvering load distribution
▣ Stand-by secondary paths and precomputed detouring
paths
▣ Strongly unified measurement and control for each
“traffic-engineered path”
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Vocabulary
▣ LSP (Label Switched Path)
◈ the “traffic-engineered path”
▣ Primary and Secondary Paths
◈ an LSP can contain a primary path & zero or more secondary paths
▣ Named Path
◈ a sequence of explicit hops
LSP A
Primary Path
Named Path 1
Secondary Path
LSP B
Primary Path
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Secondary Path
Named Path 2
7
Vocabulary – cont’d
▣ Traffic Trunk (TT)
◈ an aggregation of traffic flows going from an ingress to an
egress
◈ forwarded through a common path with common TE
requirements
◈ characterized by
its ingress and egress
FEC which is mapped to it
a set of attributes that determines its behavioral
characteristics
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Vocabulary – cont’d
▣ Types of LSPs
◈ Static LSPs
no relevance to TE
◈ LDP signaled LSPs
no relevance to TE
◈ RSVP/CR-LDP signaled LSPs
Explicit-path LSPs
Constrained-path LSPs
Note: both of the two above are not mutually exclusive!
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Components of MPLS-TE
▣ Packet Forwarding Component
◈ MPLS, label switching itself
▣ Information Distribution Component
◈ IGP (OSPF/IS-IS) extension
▣ Path Selection Component
◈ Constrained Shortest Path First (CSPF) algorithm
▣ Signaling Component
◈ LDP, CR-LDP, and RSVP-TE
▣ Not all of these required!
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How everything fits into?
Link attributes
operator
input
LSP attributes
advertised by
IGP-extension
CSPF
computes
LSP paths
topology &
resources
structured as
TED
advertised by
IGP-extension
RSVP signaling
reservation
Link attributes
modification
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LSP
establishment
Routing table
11
MPLS-TE Mechanisms
▣ LSP Routing
◈ with TE attributes (LSP & Link attributes)
◈ dynamic vs. explicit
▣ Traffic Protection (Resilience)
◈ secondary paths and fast reroute
▣ Path Reoptimization (Adaptivity)
▣ Load Sharing and Balancing
◈ LSP-level traffic bifurcation
▣ LSP Hierarchy
◈ forwarding adjacency LSPs, unnumbered links
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MPLS-TE Deployment and
Operational Issues
KNOM Tutorial 2001
MPLS-TE Deployment Issues
▣ MPLS is proposed as a standard TE solution by IETF,
BUT
◈ Vendor Interoperability problem
◈ Limitation in online path calculation
◈ Problems on Traffic Trunks
◈ Measurement and Control Issues
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Interoperability
▣ Vendor specific implementation details diverge!
◈ Almost everything but signaling standard might be different
◈ Using more than two heterogeneous families in a domain may
cause unpredictable operational problems
▣ Need a unified abstraction system to hide, moderate,
and arbitrate the differences
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Limitation in Online Path Calc.
▣ Online path calc. considers one LSP at a time
◈ undeterministic
◈ The order in which an LSP is calculated plays a critical role!
▣ Global optimization required
◈ Optimization tools that simultaneously examine each link’s
resource constraints and the requirements of each LSPs all
together are necessary
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Problems regarding to TT
▣ How to define traffic trunks?
◈ No standard
◈ Manual classification
requires TE policies
granularity and scalability concern
practically, only dest. prefix based classification supported
requires, so called, “policy routing”
◈ BGP-based classification
Transit traffic whose route updates’ next_hop is identical to the
egress of an LSP are routed over the LSP
◈ Implicit classification by IGP
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Problems regarding to TT – cont’d
▣ How to map a traffic trunk’s attributes onto LSPs’
constraints?
◈ need a global view
◈ must be able to anticipate the effect, to some extent
◈ must be able to rationalize
by simulations
by measurements
by policies
by intuition?
by experience?
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Measurement and Control
▣ Measurement
◈ provides rationale and fundamental bases to induce proper TE
constraints for TTs and LSPs
such as, traffic (demand) matrices, congestion indication,
LSP statistics, etc.
◈ methods
SNMP (various MIBs), CLI, Cisco Netflow and TMS, and/or
JUNOS MPLS Statistics, RTFM probes, etc.
▣ Control
◈ manages TE policies
policy editing, conflict check, enforcement, withdrawal, etc.
customized to service specific policies, such as VPN
policies
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MPLS-TE Operational Issues
▣ Prohibitive costs for manual provisioning for multi-node
and multi-vendor environment
◈ Longer educational curve
◈ Single highly skilled operator or multiple vendor specific many
operators
◈ Tighter and precise communications among them
▣ Error-prone manual configuration and hard to detect the
semantic configuration errors (e.g., typos in path name)
▣ LSP operations diagnosis (e.g., when LSP setup fails, it
is very difficult to pin point the exact reasons. The
system doesn’t tell much useful info.)
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Configurable LSP Attributes
▣ Can specify the following attributes either for each LSP or for each
path belonging to the LSP
◈ bandwidth (traffic profile in CR-LDP)
◈ constrained (dynamic) vs. explicit path
◈ affinity
◈ adaptivity
reoptimize-timer, reoptimize-event
◈ resilience
(stand by) secondary paths, fast reroute
◈ priority & preemption
setup, hold
◈ route record
◈ hop-limit, cos, etc.
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Juniper Example
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Minimum MPLS Configuration
▣ Required of transit routers, as well as the ingress and egress
[edit]
interfaces {
interface-name {
logical-unit-number {
family mpls;
# required to enable MPLS on this intf.
}
}
}
protocols {
mpls {
interface (interface-name | all); # required to enable MPLS on this intf.
}
rsvp {
interface interface-name;
# required for RSVP signaled MPLS only
}
}
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Create a Named Path
▣ Named Path
◈ means a physical path from the ingress to the egress
▣ Named Path and LSP
◈ Configuring an LSP may require multiple named paths
primary and secondaries
◈ can specify the same named path on any number of LSPs
▣ Syntax
[edit protocols mpls]
path path-name {
address | host name <strict | loose>;
}
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Create an LSP
▣ Rough Syntax
[edit protocols mpls]
label-switched-path lsp-path-name {
to address;
# egress address
from address; # ingress address
# lots of statements for setting various LSP attributes;
primary path-name {
# lots of statements for setting various path attributes;
}
secondary path-name {
# lots of statements for setting various path attributes;
}
}
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Cisco Example
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Minimum MPLS Configuration
▣ Required of transit routers, as well as the ingress and
egress
◈
◈
◈
◈
Turn on MPLS tunnels
Turn on CEF
Turn on IS-IS or OSPF
Syntax
Router(config)# ip cef
Router(config)# mpls traffic-eng tunnels
Router(config-if)# mpls traffic-eng tunnels
Router(config-if)# ip rsvp bandwidth bandwidth
Router(config)# router ospf process-id
Router(config-router)# mpls traffic-eng area 0
Router(config-router)# mpls traffic-eng router-id loopback0
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Create a Named Path
▣ Named Path
◈ means a physical path from the ingress to the egress
▣ Named Path and LSP
◈ Configuring an LSP may require multiple named paths
primary and secondaries
◈ can specify the same named path on any number of LSPs
▣ Syntax
Router(config)# ip explicit-path name path-c7204-m5 enable
Router(config)# next-address 10.2.0.29
Router(config)# next-address 10.2.0.34
Router(config)# next-address 10.2.0.33
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Create an LSP
▣ Rough Syntax
Router(config)# interface tunnel 2003
Router(config-if)# description c7204-m402
Router(config-if)# ip unnumbered Loopback0
Router(config-if)# tunnel mode mpls traffic-engineering
Router(config-if)# tunnel destination 203.255.255.234
Router(config-if)# tunnel mpls traffic-eng autoroute announce
Router(config-if)# tunnel mpls traffic-eng priority 7 7
Router(config-if)# tunnel mpls traffic-eng bandwidth 10000
Router(config-if)# tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 1 explicit name path-c7204-m5
Router(config-if)# tunnel mpls traffic-eng record-route
Router(config-if)# exit
Router(config)# router traffic-engineering
Router(config)# traffic-engineering filter 1 egress 10.14.0.111 255.255.255.255
Router(config)# router traffic-engineering
Router(config)# traffic-engineering route 1 tunnel 2003
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MPLS FCAPS
▣ MPLS Configuration Management
◈ Automating complex MPLS configuration rules (including TE
rules)
▣ MPLS Fault Management
◈ MPLS LSP status monitoring
◈ MPLS Traffic Trunks/LSP fault analysis
◈ Link/Node failure diagnosis
▣ MPLS Performance Management
◈ LSP traffic measurement and analysis
◈ MPLS network global optimization
▣ MPLS Accounting Management
◈ Mapping measured traffic data into billing purpose
◈ Mapping accounting data into admission control information
▣ MPLS Security Management
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MPLS Service Management
▣ SLA Provisioning & Monitoring management
◈ General MPLS service (e.g., traffic trunk lease) SLA
◈ Service specific MPLS service (e.g., MPLS VPN) SLA
▣ Inter-domain MPLS Management
◈ Protocol level distributed solution (e.g. inter-domain signaling
such as GMPLS) is one thing
◈ and management of this mechanism from network
administrator viewpoint is another
▣ Many issues are still left open
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MPLS TE Management Solutions
KNOM Tutorial 2001
TE Servers: Products Introduction
▣ WANDL, Inc. - MPLSView ®
◈ Automated data collection, layout, event collection and filtering
(mainly focused on pre-configured LSPs)
◈ A quasi real-time view on the configuration of the network,
including LSP set-up & state and per-LSP traffic flow
◈ Partnership with Cisco and Juniper
▣ Makesystems, Inc. - NetMaker ®
◈ Network engineering and simulation tool for IP and MPLS
◈ Merged to OPNET Technologies, Inc.
▣ Alcatel GRATE
▣ ETRI - Wise<TE> ®
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VPN Servers: Products Introduction
▣ Orchaestream
▣ Cisco’s VPN Solution Center
▣ Dorado
▣ ETRI - Wise<TE/VPN>
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Wise<TE/VPN>
KNOM Tutorial 2001
Wise<TE> addresses Questions
▣ How are packets routed in our network, and how are routing
protocols configured ?
▣ Why is this link so congested, while others are underutilized ?
▣ Which path is the best fit for an LSP to serve a new VPN flow
without QoS degradation ?
▣ Why is this LSP’s operational / signaling state down?
▣ How much would it be worse if this node (link) fails?
▣ How much would it be better if our MPLS network is globally
optimized by recomputing all LSPs together?
▣ Can we achieve some traffic engineering goals by global LSP
reoptimization, routing metric optimization, or a totally new capacity
planning process?
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How!
Wise<TE>™
Visualizing
Network, Routing &
VPN Topology
and Behavior
TE/VPN Policies
MIB Values
Simulation
Logics
(CSPF, etc.)
Enforcing
Routing, TE and
VPN Policies
Operational Status
Routing Protocol Info.
(TED)
subnet
subnet
IP, LSP & VPN Traffic
Measurement Results
Area 1
TE Path (LSP)
Area 2
Backbone Area
subnet
subnet
IGP Path
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Main Functionality
▣ LSP / VPN Configuration Management and Quasi-realtime
Monitoring
▣ Versatile Views of IP, MPLS, Routing (OSPF and BGP), and VPN
Topology
▣ TE and VPN Policy Management
▣ IP Traffic Measurement and Analysis for MPLS-TE and VPN
Management
▣ Intelligent Path Computation, Recommendation, and Various
Simulations
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Wise<TE> Architecture
CSI (Common Service Interfaces)
GUI
CORBA
TMS DB
TMS
Measurement
Package
Global
Config
Package
Misc
Package
RATE
CORBA
PS
CORBA
Traffic
Measurement
Results
RMS DB
CORBA
Measured
Traffic Data
Configuration
Package
SNMP
Polling
Results
COPS
RMS
PS DB
PIB
CORBA
TMS
Agent
RMS
Agent
COPS
Agent
Cisco
CLI
Junoscript
Client
ACE
CLI
Proxy Agent
SNMP
OSPF/BGP
CISCO
Router
KNOM Tutorial 2001
Juniper
Router
ACE2000
39
Easy Steps to create LSP Tunnels and VPNs
CORBA
Configuration
Package
Measurement
Package
Global
Config
Package
Misc
Package
GUI
CORBA
PS
COPS
TMS
Agent
RMS
Agent
COPS
Agent
Cisco
CLI
JunOS
CLI
ACE
CLI
Proxy Agent
CLI/Telnet
CISCO
Router
KNOM Tutorial 2001
Juniper
Router
ACE2000
40
Versatile Topology Views: IP
IP Topology View
+
-
Seoul
Suwon
A
V
P
V
L
V
Taegu
Taejon
Link Utilization: %
0 ~ 20
Kwangju
Pusan
KNOM Tutorial 2001
20 ~ 40
40 ~ 60
60 ~ 80
80 ~ 100
41
Versatile Topology Views: MPLS LSP Traffic
MPLS View - LSP Tunnel Statistics
+
-
Seoul
Suwon
A
LSP Tunnel
Intf: Tae-Suw-Seo,
V
600Mbps
P
V
L
V
Per LSP Statistics
Taejon
Ingress
Egress
BPS
m10-to-m5
203.255.255.232
203.255.255.235
2344556
c7204-to-m10
203.255.255.236
203.255.255.232
24980
m201-to-m5
Kwangju
Taegu
LSP Name
203.255.255.233
LSP Statistics:203.255.255.235
%
m10-to-c7204
203.255.255.232
m5-to-m202
203.255.255.235
57843578
478593
40 ~ 60
60 ~ 80
80 ~ 100
Pusan
Show Path
KNOM Tutorial 2001
0 ~ 203.255.255.236
20
20 ~203.255.255.234
40
47837593759
OK
Help
42
Versatile Topology Views: MPLS Reserved Bw
MPLS View - Reserved Bandwidth
+
-
Seoul
Suwon
A
V
P
V
L
V
Taegu
Taejon
Reserved Bw: %
0 ~ 20
Kwangju
Pusan
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20 ~ 40
40 ~ 60
60 ~ 80
80 ~ 100
43
Versatile Topology Views:
MPLS Affinity
MPLS View - Affinity
+
-
Seoul
Suwon
A
V
P
V
L
V
Taegu
Taejon
Affinity: Colors
1
Kwangju
Pusan
KNOM Tutorial 2001
2
3
4
5
44
Versatile Topology Views: MPLS Link & Tunnels
MPLS View - Links and Tunnels
+
-
Seoul
Suwon
A
V
P
V
L
V
Taegu
Taejon
Kwangju
Pusan
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Versatile Topology Views:
Routing Protocols
Routing Protocol View - OSPF
+
IGP: OSPF
Routing Protocol View - BGP
A
V
+
P
V
-
ABR
AS9270
L
V
AS64514: Area0
A
V
AS64515
P
V
L
V
AS64513
AS64514
AS64512
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Versatile Topology Views: MPLS/BGP VPN
Routing Protocol View - BGP
+
-
VPN#1
VPN#2
PE2:
203.255.255.233
PE1:
203.255.255.232
A
V
P
V
L
V
VPN#2
VPN#1
PE5:
203.255.255.236
PE3:
203.255.255.234
PE4:
203.255.255.235
VPN Tunnels
L2 Links
Cisco
VPN#2
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VPN#1
Juniper
47
Various Simulations:
Path Availability Check
MPLS View - Reserved Bandwidth
+
-
Seoul
Suwon
Simulation - Path Availablity Check: Step 2
A
V
P
V
Available Path was found. Do you
want to see it?
L
V
OK
Cancel
Taegu
Taejon
Reserved Bw: %
0 ~ 20
Kwangju
Pusan
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20 ~ 40
40 ~ 60
60 ~ 80
80 ~ 100
48
Various Simulations:
Link/Node Failure
Simulation - Link/Node Failure: Step 1
MPLS View - Reserved Bandwidth
Simulation name:
+
Description:
-
Tunnel Link Failure Simulation
Simulation date:
+
2001/10/23
17:30
View -is
Reserved
This MPLS
simulation
to see Bandwidth
what happens when a link fails
-
Duration
From:
17
To:
18
Seoul
A
V
P
V
L
V
hour
hour
Seoul
Suwon
30
min.
23
day
Oct
month 2001
00
min.
23
day
Oct
month 2001
year
Suwon
year
A
V
P
V
L
Next >>
V
Simulation - Link/Node Failure:
Step 2
Cancel
Traffic Flows
thru
Standby
Select failed links or
nodes
from the Taejon
Secondary
map. Then, click the OK button.
LSP
Taegu
Taegu
Taejon
Reserved Bw: %
OK
0 ~ 20
Kwangju
Kwangju
Pusan
Pusan
KNOM Tutorial 2001
20 Reserved
~ 40
Bw: %
40 ~ 60
0 ~ 20
60 ~ 80
20
~ 40
80 ~ 100
40 ~ 60
60 ~ 80
80 ~ 100
49
LSP/Network Traffic Measurement and Analysis
Traffic Matrix
File(F)
Statstics(S)
View(V)
Tool(T)
Help(H)
Traffic Matrix
Graphics
Matrix
Color
Reserved
File(F)
Statstics(S)
View(V)
Tool(T)
Help(H)
LSP3
1000
Traffic Matrix
Bandwidth:
Matrix
Color
Transit
Bound Help(H)
Prefix
File(F)
Statstics(S) Graphics
View(V) In.Out
Tool(T)
2001
- 10
- 23
Weekly Graphics
Monthly
Yearly
Matrix
Color
129.254/16
Daily
Transit
In.Out Bound Prefix
LSP tunnel statistics
Name:
Daily
kbps
Graph
bps
pps
~ 2001-10-23
2001-10-23
129.254.191/24
Weekly
Transit
In.Out
Bound Prefix
bps
pps
AS
4323
bps
~ 2001-10-23
2001-10-23
Monthly
203.255.254.130/27 Daily
current : 343 bps AS 4323
AS 32
Yearly
bps
pps
Weekly
63.43.62/24 Daily
~ 2001-10-23
2001-10-23
maximum: 543 bps
Monthly
AS 32 AS 432 13.53/16
minimum : 132 bps
Yearly
129.254.75/24
AS 432 AS 5654 54.33.53/24
234.23.123/24
AS
61232
src dest
AS 4
AS 845
AS 12
AS 24
AS 2352
AS
5654
211.75.163/24
1000
AS 24
756 bps
AS 41
AS 61232
AS
4
5/8
700
300
200
700
AS 4
500
AS 41 AS 865
700
700
700
700
AS 12
AS 865 AS 232
400
700
700
0 1 2 3AS
4 232
5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1129.254.75/24
1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1AS
7 24
1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2700
2 23 24
211.13.232.192/26AS 2352
700
400
400
700
AS 12
32.23/16
700
400
400
400
AS 845
pps
234.23.123/24
AS 12 AS 24
current : 343 pps
AS
4
AS
12
10/8
AS 24
maximum: 543 pps
211.13.232.192/26
minimum : 132 pps
AS 4 AS 2352
AS 2352AS 845
10/8
AS 845
1000
1000
AS 2352
Tunnel Statistics
Prefix
Matrix
Relationship
View
AS
Matrix
Relationship
View
AS Matrix Table & Graph View
500
0 ~ 20 %
20~40 %
0 ~ 20 % 40~60 %
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 01 ~1 2
320~40
1 4 1 5% 1 6 60~80
1 7 1 8%1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4
32.23/16
201%
20~40 %40~60 % 80 ~100
1 2 3%
4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
AS 845
60~80 % maxClose
40~60 %Save
Print
: 2343
80 ~100 % avg : 1234
60~80 %
min : 234
80 ~100 %
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50